作者： admin

Editor’s note:The appearance of Sora "World Simulator" marks another revolutionary reconstruction of information environment. Sora, based on Transformer and Diffusion model, has established a wide range of interaction between human/society and intelligent generation model in a real sense. The "Wensheng Video" generated by the whole people far exceeds deep forgery in terms of generation magnitude and detection difficulty, and shows its potential destructive effect on the real media as an "iterative universal version" of deep forgery. Zhang Menghan, an associate professor, and Chen Ze, a doctoral student, wrote in the 4th issue of Media Watch in 2024 that Sora, which takes "100 million parameters" as the data learning unit, has brought the alienation of the gatekeeper relationship. The gatekeeper activities carried out by the media, platforms and the public in accordance with the existing gatekeeper relationship will not only help the public to reduce external uncertainty and ensure the order of information, but will aggravate the disorder of information systems. The change of technical environment calls for the timely debugging and promotion of the theory of gatekeeper. In this context, the check should first be understood as the process of helping the public to establish meaningful contact with the real society with news truth. Whether the gatekeeper theory can get rid of the metaphor of "action" and return to the ontological meaning of social function is directly related to its theoretical and practical significance in the era of generative artificial intelligence.

　

Under the background of the emergence of artificial intelligence video with Sora as the "starting point", which leads to the loss of our perception of the reliability of the outside world, how to promote the matching between the gate-keeping theory and the peak of technological development? Perhaps we need to start from the technology itself and take "reverse engineering" as the cutting-in way, so as to launch an anatomical comprehensive observation. According to Hettne’s point of view, the more complicated a problem is, the more we need to return to its underlying mechanism and the space where "events" occur, so that we can effectively explain and respond to reality. Specifically, the gatekeeper theory-in the newspaper era, it is to observe the daily work of Mr. Gates in the newsroom, and in the digital era, it is to analyze the consequences of the decentralization of gatekeeper power and dismantle the black box of algorithm with theoretical tools and technology. The complex technical schema of artificial intelligence requires us to return to the "device" that most intuitively records the characteristics, modes and operating mechanisms of related artificial intelligence technologies, that is, to take the specific technical structure as the perspective.

Because the code segment of OpenAI is not open source, this paper focuses on the technical architecture features of Sora, and takes the open source generative AI code "DF Software For All" which is based on the same model (Transformer and Differentiation) as an exploratory supplement. This paper mainly explores why Sora’s technical framework subverts the existing gatekeeper mechanism and the structural impact of the change of gatekeeper relationship on the social system, and tries to explore the possibility of advancing the gatekeeper theory in Sora era on this basis.

Beyond Deep Forgery: Risk of Failure of Gatekeeper under the Reorganization of Human/Machine Model Relationship

When we make a technical comparison between deep forgery and Sora, we can more clearly and intuitively understand the overall impact of Sora on the existing customs control system.

First of all, deep forgery technology does not have the actual "intelligence", that is, it does not form an effective connection between the public and the machine model. According to Burkell, "deep forgery is a tool of experts in a few fields, but it has no use for the public", thus "it is far from the original intention pursued by artificial intelligence". Under the technical threshold, the number of deeply forged videos in circulation is relatively limited. According to the statistics of ContentDetector.AI, between 2017 and 2023, the total number of deeply forged videos on the global Internet is about 500,000. Among them, 96% are "pornographic forged" content, and the rest are related to political, economic, entertainment and other topics. The proportion of deeply forged videos with the possibility of "causing social unrest" is only 4%. It is these more than 20,000 deeply forged videos that have made human society step into the "false information age" and opened the prelude to the "end of the gatekeeper role" of journalism.

Different from deep forgery, OpenAI "bridges" through a series of technologies, making Sora the first social technology in the history of artificial intelligence that allows everyone to connect with the video generation model. In a real sense, the artificial intelligence video generation model completes the transformation from "domain technology" to "public product"-users don’t need to know how to transmit the coded information matrix output by Encoder to Decoder, and they don’t need to use any complicated CGI(Computer Generated Images) tools. Anyone can get a video that is enough to confuse the fake with the real by uploading a text narrative. If deep forgery challenges the traditional way of checking the customs based on the naked eye, then the emergence of Sora leads us into an era of "mass production" of "the catastrophe of false information", as Steven Levy said. We may imagine the following situation: When there are countless AI news videos such as "Biden dies, Harris is acting president" and "National motor vehicles are restricted" in one day, the chaos in the information field will also lead to the disorder of the social system. Under the interaction between numerous user nodes and Sora, the total amount of "Wensheng Video" generated in one day may exceed the sum of deeply forged videos in the past five years. This is bound to have a subversive impact on the existing customs control system, customs control methods and customs control strategies, and lead to disorder of the information environment.

Secondly, in view of the technical characteristics of deep forgery, there are many features in the generated video that can be identified and detected. For example, edge artifacts of image frames, fidelity changes during facial deformation, frame sequence residuals, etc. Sora follows the learning process of "accumulation-understanding-output", rather than the "synthesis" process of deeply forging "A+B", and there is no technical feature brought by "image fusion". Therefore, although Sora still has some problems such as the inability to accurately simulate the physical state of interaction, the existing technologies such as Reality Defender and The Fact are also difficult to accurately identify Sora videos. In this context, the "human +AI" collaborative mode proposed by Felix Simon has become an idealized idea. When neither manual check nor "machine check" can complete the identification of Sora video, the significance of check itself will dissipate.

Although Sora is still a "beta version" only used by artists, film producers and other groups, the last version history of AI-generated video, namely deep forgery, has shown us its comprehensive impact on the social information exchange order. According to Meckel’s view, the deeply forged carriage is carrying human beings away from the stable real world. However, Sora based on Transformer and Diffusion model is far superior to deep forgery in terms of generation order, detection difficulty and potential destructiveness. If deep forgery is the beginning of the separation of human beings from the stable real world, then Sora’s subversion of the existing control mechanism will undoubtedly lead us into a Dystopia dominated by gamism.

The more checks, the more chaos? Reconstruction of "Truth Appearing Mechanism" under the Condition of Alienation

The standard of action in the "field" of news control consists of two basic logics. The first is the control of "possibility set" from the perspective of cybernetics, which determines which information can be selected and flowed out of the "pipeline". The second is the core requirement of journalistic professional ethics for news gatekeepers, that is, the issue of authenticity. It can be seen that there are "two barriers" in news control, namely, content barrier and fact barrier. News gatekeepers need to select "news that can be released" from a series of "information materials" under the joint influence of importance, publicity, profit objectives, etc., so as to complete the content level; It is also necessary to ensure the authenticity of the selected information through "fact check".

Through the analysis of the second part of "DF Software For All" code, it can be found that in the training process of neural network, the number of images on each side has reached 500-5000. Such an intensive amount of training "is enough to make it impossible for human beings to judge the authenticity through the naked eye." Compared with "DF Software For All", Sora has achieved a qualitative leap in both the training amount and the learning database size. At present, Sora has begun to use videos from Shutterstock database and public network as training materials, and the training amount of its generated videos has to be calculated in units of "100 million parameters", far exceeding the training amount of any known model. This means that Sora will have a stronger ability to "confuse the real with the fake". A large number of AI-generated videos can easily bypass the "fact barrier" of traditional gatekeepers based on naked eye observation. In the past, the fact-checking mode based on "manual" is no longer able to cope with such a complicated technical situation.

The failure of the "fact gateway" will lead to a huge impact on the "content gateway". The original operation mechanism of "content gateway" is: on the basis of ensuring the authenticity of news, the gatekeeper shakes a "news screen" woven by "vines" such as market, political system and audience, so that some information with large granularity can flow into the information system, thus "countless event information is converted into controllable media information". Generally speaking, the size of information particles is determined by the degree of fit with the news value judgment system. In other words, if a piece of information is more important, novel and interesting, it is more likely to be processed into news by the gatekeeper and spread quickly in the information system.

However, for the video news generated by Sora, because it can be produced in an imaginative way out of reality, everyone can adjust the inherent properties of the generated video at will by editing the text content, and create a large-grained news that is difficult to distinguish between true and false. If you want the importance of "news" to be more prominent, you can set the video subject to the White House or the Russian-Ukrainian battlefield. If you want "news" to be more exciting, you can take conflict and violence as the keynote of video narration. The granularity of information has changed from the objective attribute of information to the control panel that can be dragged at will. The "content check" by the media, the public and the platform based on the granularity of information will not only accelerate the entropy increase of the information system, but also bring about the alienation of the existing check relationship.

The platform and the public have respectively formed a profit-oriented algorithm and a self-determination logic dominated by personal interests. Driven by the pressure of survival and traffic competition, the media’s gatekeeper activities are gradually dominated by the gatekeeper logic of the public and the platform. It can be said that the appearance of the internet has completely changed the traditional relationship between customs and gates. However, when the gatekeeper relationship reconstructed by the Internet collides head-on with the "Wensheng Video" represented by Sora, a new crisis of the information system arises. The gatekeeper activities carried out according to the existing gatekeeper relationship will not only fail to exert its "living functional order", that is, help the public reduce external uncertainty and play the role of ordering information, but will aggravate the disorder of the information system.

According to Masip and others, the public always prefers those "novel, exciting and interesting" contents to "events in daily life". The simulation and creativity of Sora make the information content generated by SORA have almost unlimited space in satisfying the public’s excitement and interest. The sharing rate, dissemination rate, diffusion range and interactive attraction of this kind of information "usually far exceed an ordinary and important news". Therefore, the public’s personal interest-oriented control is likely to become the diffuser of AI-generated video. Public praise, forwarding or discussion will promote the rapid spread of AI-generated videos in information systems and expand the coverage of potential negative impacts.

At the same time, the platform’s gatekeeper mechanism is also hijacked by the information characteristics of AI-generated videos and the public’s information preferences.

On the whole, the check-up mechanism of the platform is mainly composed of three parts. First, the platform itself checks after negative information or false information enters the public view. Second, it is the public voting mechanism. Thirdly, it is an intelligent distribution mechanism based on algorithms. In addition, the platform algorithm and the public’s gatekeeper power are actually "deprived" from traditional media. If the public and the platform get the power to check but can’t play the social function of checking, the pressure on the media will also increase. For news media, platforms and the public have become important channels for their news sources. Although the professional journalist team and editorial department can still be responsible for the first-hand news articles, it is difficult for the news media to complete the technical verification of "true and false discrimination" in a short time when the platform and public channels are flooded with a large number of AI-generated videos. At the same time, the news industry, which is "normally connected" with the platform, still needs to obey the timeliness needs of the public. Under the pressure of polluted information sources, difficult and time-consuming technical review of AI-generated videos, and timeliness competition among media, journalism can easily become the endorser of the "authenticity" of AI-generated videos. Once the credibility of journalism as the "final fact benchmark" collapses, it will lead to the risk of disorder of the whole information system and make us enter an era of pan-falsificationism. The so-called pan-falsificationism means that when individuals can’t distinguish the boundary between external reality and fictional things at all, they turn to face the media environment with a game mentality that can be grasped by individuals, and treat all information with the information concept of "not sure what is true is false".In this context, the social significance of news as a social tool has also dissipated, and it has become a "public toy".

Matching the peak of technology: the possibility of structural reconstruction of gatekeeper theory in the era of generative AI

The "intelligent emergence" of generative AI, represented by Sora, is promoting the structural change of the gate-keeping theory. In this context, the possible direction of the gatekeeper theory in the era of generative AI includes the following aspects.

First of all, it is about the adjustment of the focus of the theoretical connotation of gatekeeper. It can be said that the emergence of Sora subverts the self-evident premise assumption of the gatekeeper theory, that is, the question of "authenticity". In the pre-Internet era, the "authenticity" in the process of news media’s checking is an inevitable requirement of news, and it is also a basic premise that needs no elaboration. Thus, we saw the classic statement of shoemaker and Vos on the theory of gatekeeper: "Gatekeeper is the process of selecting and making limited information that people accept every day from countless pieces of information." Even after entering the Internet era, the truth of news has not been fundamentally challenged, and the focus of theoretical promotion is mostly placed on the new gatekeeper by researchers. For example, Wallace defines the theory of "the media, the platform and the public intercept the information they are interested in from the huge information flow according to their different orientations".

It can be seen that both shoemaker and Wallace have a default assumption when summarizing the theoretical boundaries, that is, "countless pieces of information" or "huge information flow" are all informational presentations of real-world movements, and the main tasks of the check are "interception" and "production". However, the "world simulator" represented by Sora is destroying the premise of this hypothesis. According to the prediction of Gartner Group, an American data analysis company, in the next three years, the information output by generative AI will account for 30% of the total information space. In the foreseeable future, "countless pieces of information" will be mixed with a large number of generated videos that are difficult to distinguish between authenticity and falsehood. In this context, the self-evident "authenticity" needs special attention in theory. Gatekeeper should first be understood as a process of identifying false information and helping the public to establish meaningful contact with the real society with the truth of news.

Secondly, it is to re-explore the relationship between "people". Nowadays, the gatekeeper relationship as a whole appears as two sides of a boundary-one side is the real world where the platform, the public and the media are located, and the other side is the iterative generative AI. Whether the border can be effectively checked determines the wandering situation of this border. The more the border moves in the direction of platform, media and the public, the more difficult it is for us to perceive the real world through the media. Whether it is the media, the public or the platform, it will face a crisis when the ontological security cannot be guaranteed. In this context, the gatekeeper relationship has the possibility that the media caters to the public interest and platform traffic logic and moves towards a cooperative relationship.

Finally, it is a return to the ontological meaning and social meaning of gatekeeper. The impact of Sora’s national generation and simulation characteristics on the information environment requires us to rethink the role and function of gatekeeper in the social system and focus on its ontological significance as a social function. From words (ChatGPT) to pictures (DALLE) to videos (Sora), as the "head sheep" in the field of generative AI, OpenAI has pieced together a media puzzle that spans the boundary between virtual and reality in just two years. The AI-generated content that simulates the physical world mediates the original solid connection between us and the real world. From a historical perspective, we have never had such a need to control the social function. In the era of generative AI, gatekeeper is no longer just a metaphor about gatekeeper, information receiver and channel, but the essential relationship between human and social truth, information system and social ecological order. In the face of the upcoming AI information tide, the "success" and "failure" of the gatekeeper is directly related to whether the public can still know and understand the real world through the media and act accordingly. How to reconstruct the "truth appearance mechanism" in the era of generative AI will become an important theoretical and practical problem in future research.

(Media Watch, No.4, 2024, with an original text of about 11,000 words, is entitled: How to reconstruct the "truth-appearing mechanism" under the impact of "the generation of the whole people"-the relational practice and structural change of the gatekeeper theory in the era of generative artificial intelligence. This is an excerpt, and the notes are omitted. Please refer to the original text for academic citations. The full text of "Media Watch Magazine" is linked to https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/HR1nKt5K3dxMCLxCnGS2nA. )

[Author] Zhang Menghan, Associate Professor, School of Communication, Soochow University

Chen Ze, Ph.D. candidate, School of Communication, Soochow University.

　　[Autohome News] A few days ago, the Crown Signia officially debuted, adding a new member to the Crown family. It is positioned as a mid-sized SUV, and the power system will also provide gasoline-electric hybrid and plug-in hybrid versions. The new car will go on sale next summer.

"Crown Signia"Oh, yeah."

　　With the addition of new cars, Toyota’s SUV lineup in the North American market has become very crowded. Therefore, Toyota has also made some adjustments to this. Dave Christ, general manager of Toyota Motor North America, said in an interview with the media that (|) (Vesa) will be discontinued after the end of the 2024 model.

"2023 Toyota Vesa"

　　"There was some internal debate about whether to keep the Venza," Toyota executives said. "We were very happy with the Venza and if it wasn’t so close to the Crown Signia, we would have kept it. But the two are similar in size and the buyer is similar, so we decided to discontinue the Venza."

　　In 2020, the fourth-generation HARRIER was officially launched. The new generation of models was built on the TNGA-K platform and positioned between the RAV4 and Highlander. At the same time, this product also entered the US market for the first time and was named the new generation Venza.

　　Coming to the domestic market, the new cars were domestically produced by GAC Toyota and FAW Toyota and named Wesa and Lingfang HARRIER, both of which are also new products of Toyota’s Gemini strategy.

　　As a latecomer, Wesa will inevitably be chased and blocked by Japanese, German, American, Korean and other "roadblocks". And Wesa wants to stand out from the crowd and stand out from the enemy, its product strength is crucial. However, due to the arrival of Crown Signia, the competition landscape has become different, and eventually Crown Signia will take its place. (Source: motor1; Compiler/Autohome Li Na)

　　Original title: Goldman Sachs predicts Rio Olympic medal list: China will win 36 gold medals.

On July 24th, the opening ceremony of the Olympic Village of Rio Olympic Games was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Xinhua News Agency reporter Xu Zijian photo

　　The US media reported on August 3 that Goldman Sachs predicted in a survey released on August 1 that the United States and China, the world’s two largest economies, would win most of the Olympic gold medals again in Rio, and that Britain and Russia would rank third and fourth in the medal list.

　　According to a report on The New York Times website on August 1st, Goldman Sachs economists predict that the United States will win 45 gold medals in Rio Olympic Games, one less than the London Olympic Games four years ago, while China will win 36 gold medals, two less than the London Olympic Games.

　　Goldman Sachs pointed out that in addition to the performance of athletes, economic success also increases the chances of winning Olympic honors, because "a country is more likely to cultivate world-class athletes in a world-class environment."

　　According to the report, Britain will win 23 gold medals, six less than the London Olympics, but the number of medals will reach 59, one more than Russia.

　　Goldman Sachs predicts that under the impact of doping scandal, Russia will win 14 gold medals, which is 12 fewer than the recently revised gold medals in London Olympic Games.

　　Host Brazil has a population of 200 million, ranking fifth in the world, and according to the data of the International Monetary Fund, Brazil is also the seventh largest economy in the world, but its performance in the Olympic Games has always been difficult to match these identities.

　　Goldman Sachs predicts that although Brazil has increased its capital investment before the Rio Olympic Games, it will still be unable to achieve the goal of being in the top 10 of the medal list.

　　According to the report, measured by the number of gold medals, Brazil will be close to Jamaica, which ranks 131st in the world economy. On the medal list, Brazil will rank 11th with 22 medals, just ahead of Ukraine, which ranks 48th in the world economy and has a population of less than a quarter (44 million) of Brazil. Brazil’s per capita gross domestic product (GDP) is more than twice that of Ukraine.

[Canada Lohas. ca Wendy comprehensive finishing]Although the Trump administration cracked down on stowaways, many people still sneaked into the country one after another. No, the US and Mexican authorities cracked a smuggling case on August 27th. These 30 illegal immigrants wanted to use the underpass to smuggle, and 23 of them were actually from Chinese.

In the early hours of the morning, I met law enforcement officers and fled.

On the 27th, the Mexican government confirmed that the military had found a tunnel under the border between Mexico and the United States to smuggle from Ti Juana to San Diego, California. These illegal immigrants were arrested by the US Border Patrol after coming out of the tunnel at about 1: 15 am on the 26th. According to local reports, among the 30 illegal immigrants arrested this time,Including 21 men and 2 women, a total of 23 Chinese, and seven Mexicans, four men and three women, are currently detained.

In fact, at first, law enforcement officers were suspicious, but when law enforcement officers planned to cross-examine them, everyone fled and some even ran back to the tunnel, so the authorities discovered this underground secret passage.

The stowaway escaped and the police found a secret passage.

Border patrol officials said that it is impossible to know for the time being whether some people fled back to Mexico through the tunnel, but the exit of the tunnel on the US side is located in the west of the border inspection port of Mesa, Otay, with double barbed wire around the port, while the tunnel passes through the barbed wire from underground and opens a hole in the overgrown area north of the second barbed wire. Investigators said that they are currently coordinating with the immigration law enforcement department of Mexico. At this stage, it is estimated that the tunnel discovered this time will be based on the old unfinished tunnel and then new parts will be excavated. As can be seen from the scene, the exit of the tunnel is quite rough, and it is only a soil hole with a wooden ladder for going up and down, and the length of the tunnel is about 328 feet.

The red dot in the picture shows the exit of the tunnel, and the bottom of the picture shows the US-Mexico border.

The picture shows the police enclosing the tunnel exit with a yellow cordon.

The authorities said that there are two points worthy of attention in this cracked smuggling case. First of all, border criminals used tunnels to smuggle drugs in the past, and smuggling human snakes was rare. After the Trump administration stepped up its interception of illegal immigrants, snakeheads began to look for new ways. In addition to the tunnel discovered this time, Texas has repeatedly found illegal immigrants hiding in trucks and sneaking into the United States.

Indian illegal immigrants in China account for the top 10.

The second point is worth paying attention to. Apart from illegal immigrants from Mexico or Central and South China, people and snakes from other countries have also begun to come to the United States from the southern border. From this case, it can be seen that citizens account for the majority. According to the figures of fiscal year 2015, border patrol officers arrested more than 8,000 immigrants from China, India, Romania, Bangladesh and Nepal. In addition, among the illegal immigrants intercepted by the US authorities in recent years, Chinese and India ranked in the top 10.

Ralph DeSio, an official of the Media Relations Department of the Federal Border Protection Agency in San Diego, said that the investigation is still in the initial stage, so it is not clear what province of China the 23 illegal immigrants from China came from, how to find the snakehead and how much they spent. At present, considering their privacy, their names and photos will not be released to the public.

At present, the number of illegal immigrants on the southwestern border of the United States has dropped sharply, with a drop of as much as 60%. Judd, chairman of the Border Patrol Committee, said last month that after Trump took office, the morale of the patrol department increased greatly, and there was an unprecedented atmosphere and energy inside. However, this has not dispelled many Chinese’s determination to smuggle people. Because it is very easy for China citizens to obtain tourist visas for Mexico, they can fly to Tijuana Airport, Mexico, which is close to the US border, and then try to come to the United States. "In any case, stowaways are controlled by criminal organizations. It is extremely unwise for these China citizens and anyone who wants to sneak into the country to choose this practice. They have given their precious lives to criminals who put money first, but do not cherish the value of life."

DeSio also said that these illegal immigrants who were caught were very lucky: "At least they were not kidnapped, held hostage for ransom, or treated as slaves."

The number of Chinese people who have "passed the gas" by smuggling has increased dramatically year by year.

Although many Chinese come to the United States, they will find that the actual situation is very different from the original "American dream", but many people still try their best to enter the United States by illegal means. No matter where they enter the country, many people take new york as their destination. According to people familiar with the matter, there are many ways for China residents to sneak into the United States, including traveling to many countries, posing as executives, and even breaking into customs directly. The cost of smuggling into the United States is between 50,000 and 80,000 dollars.

Nowadays, the earliest way of smuggling by ship and arriving at the US border from the sea for several months has been eliminated. Judging from Chinese, where 23 people were arrested for smuggling in groups, the traditional way of Chinese crossing the US-Mexico border into the United States is still a hot spot. Mr. Zhou, who recently sneaked into new york from the US border, said that after paying 60,000 US dollars for smuggling, he got a visa to go to Southeast Asian countries, and then he and several other people embarked on this road of no return.

He said that only one of all illegal immigrants has a mobile phone and is responsible for receiving instructions. Others have no idea where they will go the next day and can only follow the only person who has a mobile phone. Mr. Zhou said that he traveled to nearly 20 countries in about three months, and finally reached the border between Mexico and the United States after hardships, and then swam into the United States.

In March 2017, a group of illegal immigrants and apprentices crossed the Rio Grande on the US-Mexico border, but were stopped by US border personnel.

It is reported that when border patrol officers catch illegal immigrants, they will send them to a detention center and hand them over to Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). ICE needs to verify the identities and criminal records of these foreigners. Depending on the situation, these people will either be deported, detained for further investigation, or allowed to wait for a date to be arranged in immigration court.

In recent years, illegal immigrants from China in San Diego, USA have increased dramatically under the background of profitable illegal migration, a large number of people from China emigrating abroad, and diversification of illegal immigrants. The border patrol department captured about 663 illegal immigrants from Chinese in the last fiscal year; This figure was only 48 in the previous fiscal year, while in 2014, only five Chinese who entered the country illegally were arrested.

Produced by: Vancouver headlines

Wechat id: lahoobignews

Source: lahoo.ca, Canada.

　　[Global Network Report Intern reporter Wang Chen] Preparations for North Korea’s sixth nuclear test are considered to be under way. The US and South Korean intelligence agencies have previously said that as long as Kim Jong-un gives the order, North Korea can conduct its sixth nuclear test within a few hours. The way and explosive power of this nuclear test also attracted people’s attention.

　　Yonhap News Agency reported on March 29th that a senior source of South Korean intelligence agency revealed that the current movement of North Korea in Fengxili was similar to that when its nuclear test preparation was about to be completed. In fact, it can be said that all the nuclear test preparations of North Korea have been basically completed.

　　On the 28th, the website of North Korea Institute affiliated to Johns Hopkins University said that 3-4 equipment transport vehicles were found at the entrance of No.2 tunnel in the north of Fengxili nuclear test site. Through the analysis of ground traces, the website believes that communication cables are currently being connected in North Korea.

　　Korean media said that after the measuring device is connected to the ground communication station, the tunnel entrance will be closed. Although the DPRK has not yet reached this point, these finishing tasks will be completed soon.

　　South Korean experts said that North Korea’s nuclear test may detonate multiple nuclear bombs at the same time. Korean media said that it is difficult to obtain data on whether nuclear weapons are the most optimized if a nuclear bomb is tested. Therefore, increasing the ratio of uranium or testing with various detonating devices can ensure more accurate data.

　　On the other hand, the explosive power of North Korea’s sixth nuclear test also attracts people’s attention. "38 degrees north latitude" predicted on March 11th that the explosive power of the sixth nuclear test would be 14 times that of the fifth (10,000 tons equivalent).

　　Li Chungen, chief researcher of the Korea Science and Technology Policy Research Institute, said that North Korea may have achieved the miniaturization of nuclear weapons on its own. This nuclear test has the possibility of carrying out an augmented nuclear bomb test. It is estimated that the explosive power will be 150,000-200,000 tons equivalent.

Zhao Lusi responded to fans’ demands

Zhao Lusi recently responded to fans’ demands again, and made it clear that he would continue to accept suggestions and adjust his makeup style appropriately in the follow-up. This response made many netizens sigh: Zhao Lusi finally listened to the advice. Zhao Lusi responded to fans’ demands!

Zhao Lusi’s makeup style has always been controversial, especially after she lost weight. From a baby-fat sunny girl to a melon-faced, cold royal elder sister, coupled with her insistence on her own make-up, the overall makeup gradually tends to online celebrity style, lacking recognition. Fans and netizens have repeatedly suggested that she choose a professional makeup team to maximize her face value advantage. Although professional hairdressers occasionally make mistakes, at least not every activity will be controversial because of makeup problems as it is now.

In the past, although Zhao Lusi cared about the opinions of fans, she never made any substantial changes. In the live broadcast, she once said that makeup needs constant efforts and attempts to become professional, suggesting that she will stick to her own makeup and believe that it will get better one day.

For a popular flower, proper makeup is very important. Zhao Lusi, knowing that the public’s evaluation is not good, still insists on her own makeup, which makes people feel willful and opinionated. After experiencing the fermentation of many topics this time, Zhao Lusi finally decided to adopt the suggestions of fans, adjust the style of makeup and hair, and face the public in a better state.

　　background for news stories

　　On October 28th, after completing the related work in the technical area at Wenchang launch site in Hainan, China’s largest new generation launch vehicle Long March 5, which carried out its mission for the first time, was successfully transported vertically to the launch area, and it is planned to launch it at the beginning of November.

　　The Long March 5 carrier rocket developed by China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation is a new generation of large-scale cryogenic liquid-bound carrier rocket in China. Its geosynchronous transfer orbit carrying capacity is 13 tons, and its near-earth orbit carrying capacity is 25 tons, which can be compared with large foreign rockets currently in service. Its main features are great strength, strong body, low cost, no pollution and more reliability … …

　　Why build the Long March 5?

　　At present, China’s conventional "Long March" series of launch vehicles have made remarkable achievements, and their reliability has reached the advanced level in the world, which can basically meet the transportation needs of China entering space.

　　However, since the 21st century, the world’s major space powers have launched a new generation of large-scale launch vehicles, such as Cosmos 5, Delta 4 and Ariane 5 in Europe. They not only have large thrust and the carrying capacity in low-earth orbit reaches 20 tons, but also use cheap, non-toxic and pollution-free low-temperature propellant.

　　Compared with similar foreign rockets, China’s mature rockets in active service still have a certain gap. For example, the carrying capacity is small; Most of them also use high-cost, toxic and polluting propellants.

　　In order to meet the needs of China’s major space engineering tasks in the future, especially the needs of space development in the next 20-30 years, and catch up with the advanced level of foreign new large-thrust launch vehicles, in October 2006, China began to develop the Long March 5 new generation large-scale launch vehicle. It has a series of new characteristics: large diameter, large thrust, few stages, serialization, low cost, high reliability, easy operation, no pollution, wide application and so on, and its carrying capacity is the same as that of foreign mainstream launch vehicles.

　　The Long March 5 all-arrow adopted 247 core key new technologies, and the proportion of new technologies reached almost 100%. In the international development of new rockets, including satellites and spacecraft, the proportion of adopting new technologies generally does not exceed 30%. In the past, the "Long March" rocket used tens of thousands of parts at most, while the Long March 5 rocket used hundreds of thousands of parts, and its design quantity was more than 3.5 times that of the previous "Long March" rocket.

　　According to the plan, in 2017, China will use the Long March 5 to launch the Chang ‘e-5 lunar sampling returner, in 2018, it will start to launch the 20-ton space station module one after another, and in 2020, it will launch the first Mars probe in China … …

　　Big physique, great strength and great difficulty

　　As a new generation of launch vehicle with the largest carrying capacity in China, Long March 5 integrates many latest space technologies. For example, the 5-meter-diameter arrow structure is adopted for the first time, and the non-toxic and pollution-free combined take-off scheme of liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen and liquid oxygen/kerosene engine is used for the first time. Because of its large size, great strength and great difficulty, Long March 5 is also called "Big Rocket" for short, and it is the first heavy rocket in Asia at present.

　　The Long March 5 is equipped with three kinds of 12 new high-thrust cryogenic engines and sufficient fuel, so the power is very strong. Its take-off thrust exceeds 1,000 tons, which makes China’s ability to enter space more than 2.5 times, crossing the "threshold" of international large-scale launch vehicles with a low-orbit carrying capacity of 20 tons and a high-orbit carrying capacity of 10 tons, and some technical indicators still exceed those of the world’s major large rockets such as the United States and Europe.

　　Its core has a diameter of 5 meters and is bundled with four boosters with a diameter of 3.35 meters. Previously, the diameter of China’s rocket core was 3.35 meters, and the diameter of booster was 2.25 meters. Because the Long March 5 is thick, everyone affectionately calls it "Fat Five". Long March 5 was designed as a "big body" in order to accommodate more propellant and generate more thrust. This can also reduce the number of stages of the rocket, thus reducing the separation times of the rocket and improving the reliability and control ability of the rocket. This is the development trend of contemporary new high-thrust rockets.

　　In addition, the core engine of Long March 5 uses liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen fuel, while the booster uses liquid oxygen/kerosene fuel. It is the first time in China that this combined take-off scheme uses two kinds of non-toxic and pollution-free low-temperature fuel engines at the same time. The reason why this complex combined takeoff scheme is adopted is that the working time of the first and second cores is long, so it is suitable to adopt the liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen power system with high specific impulse; The working time of the booster is relatively short, so it is suitable to use the liquid oxygen/kerosene power system with large thrust and high propellant density to increase the specific impulse of the engine. By adopting this scheme, the rocket scale is the smallest and the number of engines used is the least, thus effectively improving the carrying capacity and efficiency.

　　It is the first time in the development history of China’s launch vehicle that all its core stages use low-temperature propellant. Because the temperature of liquid hydrogen is -253℃ and liquid oxygen is -183℃, the interior of Long March 5 is extremely low temperature far below the freezing point, which is a veritable "ice arrow". Because its combustion produces water, the rocket is non-toxic and pollution-free, which also marks a new step in the reliability, safety, adaptability and environmental friendliness of the launch vehicle in China.

　　Change "carrying the burden" to "carrying the sedan chair"

　　The reason why Long March 5 achieved the international advancement of various performance indexes was that it broke through 12 major key technologies in an all-round way, including: structural design, manufacturing and testing technologies for large-scale arrow bodies with a diameter of 5 meters; 120-ton liquid oxygen/kerosene engine technology; 50-ton liquid oxygen/liquid hydrogen engine technology; 9-ton thrust liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen engine technology; Rocking suppression technology of large cryogenic rocket: Low-temperature pressurized conveying system with circulating pre-cooling technology and new valve technology; Booster engine swing and front fulcrum force transfer attitude control technology of large liquid launch vehicle, etc. These are the major core key technologies encountered for the first time in the history of launch vehicle development in China, and they are also difficult problems in rocket development in the world.

　　In addition, it has broken through many other technologies, for example, its vertical transshipment technology is extraordinary. Because the Long March 5 rocket is about 57 meters long, equivalent to 20 stories high, and weighs more than 600 tons, it was "walked" on the 2800-meter seamless rail for about 2 hours with a movable launching platform half the size of a football field, that is, its vertical transfer speed did not exceed 30 meters per minute. Along the way, the mobile launch platform not only carries the Long March 5 rocket, but also supplies gas and power for the rocket. In this way, the connection between the rocket and the ground can be kept unchanged during the transition of the rocket, thus reducing the work in the launch area and shortening the launch process.

　　In the transition method, it is also very different from the active rocket. Other rockets are "shouldering the burden", and the Long March 5 rocket is "lifting the sedan chair" to "walk" more stably. What does this mean? In the vertical transition of the rocket, there are four support arms at the "foot" of the active rocket core level, which are used to let the rocket "stand" on the "car" steadily. The rocket booster is "carried" and "walked" by the core level, so it is called "carrying the burden". The Long March 5 rocket has 12 support arms during the transition, but they are evenly distributed at the "feet" of the four boosters, so the four boosters "lift" the core level, so it is very similar to "lift the sedan chair". Its transition can reach 8-9 winds, and there is no need for any wind-proof and load-shedding device in the middle. The successful completion of vertical transshipment marks that the first flight mission of the Long March 5 carrier rocket officially entered the launch stage.

　　Can be combined like building blocks.

　　On the basis of extensive and in-depth analysis and research on the latest launch vehicle technology and future development trend in the world, China’s Long March 5 series launch vehicle adopted the general idea of "one series, two engines and three modules" and implemented the design principle of "generalization, combination and serialization". Different combinations of the three modules and the core stage can form six configurations of a new generation of large-scale launch vehicles with a core stage diameter of 5 meters, and a new generation of medium-sized and small-sized launch vehicles can be derived from the new generation of large-scale launch vehicles. Using modular design idea can realize technology sharing, improve reliability, save cost and shorten development cycle.

　　The basic model of Long March 5 is a two-stage semi-rocket with booster, with a total length of 57 meters. Its take-off mass is 878 tons, take-off thrust is 1078 tons, and the carrying capacity of geosynchronous transfer orbit is 14 tons, which is used to launch the Chang ‘e-5 lunar sampling returner.

　　The Long March 5 B rocket dropped the second stage on the basis of Long March 5, which was used to launch the cabin of China’s 20-ton space station. This one-and-a-half-stage rocket with booster has a total length of 53.7 meters, a take-off weight of 837.5 tons, a take-off thrust of 1,078 tons, and a low-earth orbit carrying capacity of more than 22 tons.

　　Long March 5/Expedition 2 is a three-stage rocket with booster. Based on the basic model of Long March 5, it added the upper stage of Expedition 2 as the third stage. It mainly performs launching tasks such as large-scale geostationary orbit and circular orbit in Beidou navigation. The Long March 5, which was first launched this time, is this model.

　　Extended reading

　　Why launch near the coast?

　　High-thrust rocket is the first prerequisite for completing major aerospace engineering tasks such as building a manned space station and deep space exploration, and it is also a necessary condition for human beings to return to the moon and land on Mars. However, the diameter of large thrust rockets is very large. For the three launch sites in China, transporting large rockets has always been a difficult problem, because when the diameter exceeds 3.5 meters, the trains transporting rockets cannot pass through culverts.

　　The Long March 5 series carrier rockets have a diameter of 5 meters, so they cannot be transported to three inland launch sites in China by train. Wenchang Satellite Launch Center is located near the coast of Hainan, and has a good port where ships carrying large rockets can be parked. This is the most important reason for launching the Long March 5 carrier rocket in Wenchang, Hainan. It adopts road-sea-road transportation mode, and the Long March 5 carrier rocket is transported from Tianjin to Hainan by two special transport ships. China’s future heavy-duty launch vehicle is about 10 meters in diameter, so it is likely to be launched in Wenchang, Hainan.

12366

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Here comes the question and answer.

The Spring Festival is coming, and taxpayers’ friends may purchase new year’s goods in restaurants, supermarkets and other consumer places. Do you pay attention to the invoices issued after payment? What are the basic contents of the invoice? In this issue, ShenshuiXiaowei compiled the knowledge about invoices for your reference, and finally reminded everyone that in order to protect your rights and interests, you must remember to ask for invoices ~

1.

What is an invoice?

Answer: Invoice refers to the receipt and payment voucher issued and collected during the purchase and sale of goods, the provision or acceptance of services and other business activities.

2.

What is the basic content of the invoice?

Answer: According to the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Measures for the Administration of Invoices in People’s Republic of China (PRC), the basic contents of invoices include: invoice name, invoice code and number, serial number and purpose, customer name, bank and account number, commodity name or business item, unit of measurement, quantity, unit price, amount in words and figures, drawer, date of invoicing, name (seal) of billing unit (individual) and so on.

In order to comply with taxpayers’ habit of issuing invoices, the basic contents of digital electronic tickets are optimized on the basis of the current VAT invoices, mainly including: dynamic QR code, invoice number, invoicing date, buyer information, seller information, project name, specifications, unit, quantity, unit price, amount, tax rate/collection rate, tax amount, total, total price and tax (in words and figures), remarks and drawer.

3.

When the buyer is an enterprise, only the name of the enterprise is filled in the buyer column of the invoice, but the taxpayer identification number or social credit code is not filled in. Can these invoices be used as reimbursement vouchers?

A: No. According to the document "Announcement of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China on Issues Related to the Issuance of VAT Invoices" (State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China Announcement No.16, 2017): 1. Since July 1, 2017, if the buyer is an enterprise, the taxpayer identification number or unified social credit code shall be provided to the seller when requesting the general VAT invoice; When the seller issues an ordinary VAT invoice for it, it shall fill in the taxpayer identification number or unified social credit code of the buyer in the column of "taxpayer identification number of the buyer". Invoices that do not meet the requirements shall not be used as tax vouchers. "

Tips: The enterprises mentioned in the above announcement include companies, unincorporated corporate entities, enterprise branches, sole proprietorships, partnerships and other enterprises. If the purchaser is a non-enterprise unit, individual or foreign customer, the taxpayer identification number or unified social credit code of the purchaser may not be filled in.

4.

Can a merchant use an invoice that is inconsistent with the actual transaction according to the customer’s requirements?

A: No. According to Article 21 of the Measures for the Administration of Invoices in People’s Republic of China (PRC), invoices shall be issued in accordance with the prescribed time limit, sequence and columns, all of which shall be truthfully issued at one time, and paper invoices shall be stamped with special invoices.

No unit or individual may have the following acts of falsely issuing invoices:

(a) for others, for their own invoices inconsistent with the actual business situation;

(two) let others issue invoices for themselves that are inconsistent with the actual business situation;

(three) introduce others to issue invoices that are inconsistent with the actual business situation.

5.

How to check invoices?

Answer: Special VAT invoices, electronic VAT invoices, ordinary VAT invoices (folding tickets), ordinary VAT invoices (rolled tickets), electronic VAT invoices (including toll road tolls), unified motor vehicle sales invoices and used car sales invoices can be found on the national VAT invoice inspection platform in State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China. The actual authenticity appraisal results shall be subject to the judgment of the competent tax authorities of the billing party.

Digital invoice (electronic invoice (special VAT invoice) and electronic invoice (ordinary invoice)) inspection: units and individuals pass the inspection of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China national VAT invoice inspection platform; Pilot taxpayers can check the digital ticket information through the tax digital account invoice checking module of the electronic invoice service platform.

Original title: [12366 Q&A] Do you know anything about invoices? 》

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