分类： 爱上海同城论坛

I. Background

　　Since the 21st century, with the rapid development of China’s economy and society, people’s work and lifestyle have changed, and the physical activity of residents has decreased significantly. Insufficient physical activity is the fourth independent factor leading to human death. Sports activities have become the most active, effective and economical way of life to enhance the national physique and improve the health level.
　　Our government attaches great importance to the important role of sports activities in strengthening physical fitness and improving health level. In 1995, the State Council promulgated and implemented the Outline of the National Fitness Program; In 2007, the State Council issued "Opinions on Strengthening Youth Sports to Enhance Youth Physical Fitness"; In 2014, the State Council issued "Several Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Sports Industry and Promoting Sports Consumption"; In 2016, the State Council issued the Outline of Healthy China 2030, which made clear arrangements for developing mass sports activities, advocating the new fashion of national fitness and promoting the construction of a healthy China.　　
　　Since the implementation of the National Fitness Program in 1995, China’s mass sports undertakings have developed vigorously, sports administrative departments at all levels have actively implemented the Outline of the National Fitness Program, and the youth sports work has been continuously promoted, and the awareness of sports activities has been significantly enhanced; The average area of gymnasiums and gymnasiums in China is 1.57 square meters, and the proportion of people who regularly participate in sports activities is 33.9%. The forms of sports activities for the elderly are rich and colorful, and the quality of life is improved. According to the data of the sixth census, the average life expectancy in China is 74.9 years. The social atmosphere in which sports activities have become an important means to keep fit has been formed.
　　However, we should be aware that the role of sports activities in strengthening the national physique and improving the health level has not been fully exerted, and there is still a big gap from the requirements of a healthy China. According to relevant national survey data, although the proportion of people who regularly participate in sports activities in China has increased year by year, the overweight rate and obesity rate of residents have also continued to increase, and the changes of indicators such as adolescent endurance, adult muscle strength and endurance, and elderly muscle strength are not optimistic. The incidence of chronic non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes is on the rise, and many research results of sports activities in the field of health promotion have not been fully applied to practice. Most residents have great blindness when participating in sports activities. There is still much room for improvement in physical fitness and disease prevention and control. Therefore, it is urgent to issue an authoritative guide to physical fitness activities at the national level to guide residents to engage in physical fitness activities scientifically.
　　According to the actual situation of China residents’ participation in physical fitness activities, the National Fitness Guide systematically summarizes and integrates the relevant national research results in the Tenth Five-Year Plan, the Eleventh Five-Year Plan and the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, and is compiled based on the measured data of China residents’ physical fitness. It mainly includes the effect of physical fitness activities, the test and evaluation of sports ability, the principles of physical fitness activities, the guiding scheme of physical fitness activities and so on.

Second, the effect of physical fitness activities

　　In ancient China, there was a written record of improving human health through introduction. A large number of modern research results have confirmed that regular participation in physical fitness activities can effectively enhance physical fitness, prevent diseases, and improve study and work efficiency.

　　(A) to enhance physical fitness, improve health.

　　Constitution refers to the comprehensive and relatively stable characteristics of human morphological structure, physiological function and psychological factors on the basis of heredity and acquisition. Physical fitness activities can improve the cardiopulmonary function, muscle strength, flexibility, balance and reaction ability of human body, and improve body composition, so as to achieve the effect of enhancing physical fitness and improving health level.

　　1. Improve cardiopulmonary function

　　Cardiopulmonary function is one of the core factors affecting physical fitness and health. Low cardiopulmonary function can lead to an increased risk of premature death. Regular physical activities can improve cardiac contractility and vital capacity, regulate blood pressure, improve blood lipids, have a good impact on cardiopulmonary function, and obviously improve the cardiopulmonary function and health level of teenagers, middle-aged people and the elderly.

　　2. Improve body composition

　　Body composition refers to various substances that make up the body and their proportions, which are generally expressed by body fat content and muscle weight and their ratios. Studies have confirmed that excessive body fat, especially abdominal fat, can induce cardiovascular diseases and metabolic diseases. Physical activities based on aerobic exercise can increase fat consumption, reduce body fat content, increase muscle weight and improve body composition.

　　3. Increase muscle strength

　　Strength training can improve muscle strength and muscle fatigue resistance, promote the growth and development of teenagers, make their physique stronger, prevent symptoms such as waist pain, shoulder and neck pain caused by muscle strength attenuation, improve body balance, prevent the elderly from falling, maintain bone health, and prevent and delay osteoporosis.

　　4. Improve flexibility

　　Flexibility is not only an important sports skill, but also an important activity ability in daily life. Regular traction exercises can improve the elasticity of muscles and ligaments, increase the range of physical activities of teenagers, have beautiful body posture, reduce muscle strain, and prevent and treat joint diseases of middle-aged and elderly people.

　　5. Improve the happiness index

　　Physical exercise is an effective means of psychological intervention. Physical fitness activities can increase people’s sense of pleasure, make people relax, relieve stress, form a good psychological state, get physical and psychological satisfaction, make teenagers full of vitality, middle-aged and elderly people full of vitality, and improve happiness index.

　　(B) prevention and treatment of diseases, improve the quality of life

　　Physical activity can improve the functional level of human organs, enhance the body’s immunity and prevent diseases, especially for chronic non-communicable diseases. Chronic non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and osteoporosis, are important diseases that endanger the health of Chinese residents. Regular physical activities can effectively control the inducing factors of chronic non-communicable diseases, prevent the occurrence of chronic non-communicable diseases, and at the same time, it is also an effective means to treat chronic non-communicable diseases, improve the quality of life and reduce premature death caused by improper lifestyle and insufficient physical activity.

　　1. Cardiovascular disease

　　The prevalence of cardiovascular disease among Chinese residents is on the rise, and cardiovascular death ranks first among the total causes of death among urban and rural residents. Regular physical activities can reduce the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, effectively prevent cardiovascular diseases and promote the rehabilitation of patients with cardiovascular diseases by improving heart function and vascular elasticity, lowering blood pressure, reducing inflammatory factors and regulating blood lipids.

　　2. Diabetes

　　Diabetes is one of the common chronic diseases, and type 2 diabetes is the most common. Regular physical activity can regulate glucose metabolism, reduce blood sugar, improve the sensitivity of target cells to insulin, effectively prevent and treat type 2 diabetes, and delay the occurrence and development of complications. Physical activity can enhance the physique of diabetic patients and improve their quality of life.

　　3. Overweight and obesity

　　Overweight and obesity are characterized by weight gain and are usually expressed by body mass index (BMI). Overweight and obesity are related to many chronic diseases, including hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes, some cancers and various musculoskeletal diseases. The most effective means to prevent and reduce obesity are physical activity and diet balance. Physical activity is the most active method to prevent and control obesity, which can help obese people control their weight, improve their physiological function, prevent weight rebound after losing weight and reduce the occurrence of chronic diseases related to obesity.

　　4. Osteoporosis

　　Osteoporosis is a bone tissue disease characterized by decreased bone density, changes in microstructure of bone tissue, and increased fracture susceptibility. Physical activity helps to increase bone mass, improve bone structure, slow down the loss of bone mass caused by aging, prevent falls and reduce the risk of osteoporotic fractures by enhancing muscle strength and balance.

　　5. Cancer

　　Cancer, also known as malignant tumor, ranks second among the total causes of death among Chinese residents. Physical activity can reduce the risk of breast cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer and other cancers, relieve the pain of postoperative treatment of cancer patients, and improve the survival rate and quality of life of cancer patients. The World Health Organization estimates that more than 30% of cancers can be prevented by physical activities.

　　6. Depression

　　Depression, also known as depressive disorder. In recent years, the incidence of depression in China is on the rise. Physical fitness activities can change the chemical composition of the brain, cause good emotional and state responses, effectively prevent depression, and have a positive intervention effect on patients with mild to moderate depression.

　　(C) improve the efficiency of study and work

　　Physical fitness activities can improve people’s cognitive ability and make people concentrate. Regular physical fitness activities can reduce the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters, delay central fatigue, have a good impact on the nervous system, help improve the learning efficiency and academic performance of teenagers, extend the effective working hours of adults and improve work efficiency.

Third, the sports ability test and evaluation

　　Sports ability refers to the ability of the human body to engage in sports activities. The sports ability test and evaluation of this guide includes single sports ability test and evaluation and comprehensive sports ability evaluation. Before engaging in sports activities, the human body should comprehensively test and evaluate the indexes related to sports ability, so as to scientifically formulate personalized sports activities programs. At different stages of engaging in sports activities, we should regularly carry out sports ability tests to objectively evaluate the effect of sports activities and ensure the safety and effectiveness of sports activities.

　　(A) individual sports ability test and evaluation

　　Single exercise ability test includes aerobic exercise ability, muscle strength, flexibility, balance and reaction ability test. The evaluation of individual sports ability adopts a five-point system, with 5 being excellent, 4 being good, 3 being medium, 2 being poor and 1 being poor.

　　1. Aerobic exercise ability

　　Aerobic exercise ability reflects the ability of human body to carry out aerobic exercise for a long time, which is closely related to cardiopulmonary function. Strong aerobic exercise ability indicates good cardiopulmonary function. Good aerobic exercise ability is an important sign of good health. Regular participation in sports activities can maintain and improve the aerobic exercise ability of human body.

　　Maximum oxygen uptake is an important index to evaluate aerobic exercise ability.

　　2. Muscle strength

　　Muscle strength is the ability of muscles to overcome or resist resistance when they are nervous or contracting. Muscle strength test indicators include grip strength, back strength, push-ups, sit-ups, vertical jump test and so on.

　　3. Flexibility, balance and reaction ability

　　Flexibility refers to the range of motion of each joint during physical activity and the elasticity and stretching ability of ligaments, tendons, muscles, skin and other tissues across the joint. Good flexibility can increase the range of motion and reduce sports injuries.

　　② Balance refers to the ability to maintain body posture or control the center of gravity. Balance ability is the basis of static and dynamic activities. Good balance ability can effectively prevent all kinds of injuries caused by falls.

　　③ Reaction ability mainly refers to the ability of the human central nervous system to consciously control the rapid movement of the skeletal muscle system after receiving certain instructions or stimuli, which embodies the coordination between the nerve and the muscle system.

　　(2) Comprehensive sports ability evaluation

　　Cardiopulmonary function is one of the most important factors affecting human health, and aerobic exercise ability is closely related to cardiopulmonary function. Therefore, aerobic exercise ability is ranked first in the comprehensive exercise ability evaluation system, with a weight of 40%.

　　Obesity can induce a variety of chronic diseases and become an important risk factor for public health. BMI is an index reflecting the degree of obesity. In view of the important role of BMI in the evaluation system of physical fitness and health, and its obvious influence on sports ability, BMI is included in the comprehensive evaluation system of sports ability, with a weight of 20%.

　　The calculation formula of BMI is: weight (kg) divided by the square of height (m) [BMI= weight (kg)/height 2 (m 2)]. The normal range of BMI in Chinese is greater than 18.5 and less than 24, with BMI equal to or greater than 24 being overweight and equal to or greater than 28 being obese.

　　Muscle strength is closely related to exercise ability and quality of life, and its weight is 20%. The weights of flexibility, balance and responsiveness are 10%, 5% and 5% respectively.

　　According to the weights and coefficients of different individual sports ability indexes in the comprehensive sports ability evaluation, the comprehensive sports ability score is calculated, and the calculation method is as follows:

　　Comprehensive athletic ability score = aerobic athletic ability score ×8+ muscle strength score ×4+BMI score ×4+ flexibility score ×2+ balance ability score ×1+ reaction ability score ×1.

　　The comprehensive sports ability evaluation adopts four grades: 85 or above is excellent, 75 or above is good, 60 or above is qualified, and less than 60 is poor.

Fourth, the principle of physical fitness activities

　　Engaged in physical fitness activities, we must follow the following principles and develop good habits of physical fitness activities.

　　(A) the principle of safety

　　The principle of safety refers to that in the process of physical fitness activities, it is the primary principle to ensure that sports participants do not appear or try to avoid sports injury accidents. Before starting physical fitness activities, you should have a physical examination, comprehensively evaluate your physical condition and sports ability, and make a physical fitness program suitable for your own characteristics. Make full preparations before physical fitness activities, and do a good job of sorting out and relaxing after physical fitness activities.

　　(B) the principle of all-round development

　　The principle of all-round development means that in physical fitness activities, all parts of the body should participate in sports, so that the functional level of various organ systems can be generally improved, not only to improve cardiopulmonary function and immune ability, but also to improve physical fitness such as muscle strength and flexibility. Therefore, it is necessary to choose physical fitness activities involving the main muscle groups of the whole body to achieve all-round development results.

　　(3) The principle of gradual progress

　　The principle of gradual progress refers to scientifically and gradually increasing the time and intensity of physical fitness activities. The principle of step by step emphasizes that according to one’s adaptability to physical fitness activities, one should gradually increase the exercise load, so as to improve one’s physical function and athletic ability continuously, so as to achieve the best physical fitness activities.

　　(D) the principle of individuality

　　The principle of individuation refers to making individualized exercise and fitness programs according to everyone’s genetic characteristics, functional characteristics and exercise habits. When making an exercise and fitness program, it is necessary to carry out necessary medical examination and exercise ability test in order to understand everyone’s specific situation and make the exercise and fitness program more personalized.

Five, physical fitness program elements

　　To make a plan of physical fitness activities, we should mainly consider three basic elements: the way of physical fitness activities, the intensity of physical fitness activities and the time of physical fitness activities.

　　(A) Physical fitness activities

　　Physical exercise mode is the specific fitness means and methods adopted by physical fitness activists. According to the sports characteristics of different sports fitness activities, sports fitness activities can be classified into five categories: aerobic exercise, strength exercise, ball games, traditional sports in China and traction exercise.

　　1. Aerobic exercise

　　Aerobic exercise refers to the rhythmic periodic exercise in which the main muscle groups of the whole body participate under the condition of sufficient oxygen supply. During aerobic exercise, the main muscle groups of the whole body participate in the work, which can improve the human function in an all-round way and is the most popular way of physical activity at home and abroad. Aerobic exercise is divided into moderate intensity exercise and high intensity exercise. Moderate exercise intensity mainly includes fitness walking, jogging (6 ~ 8 km/h), cycling (12 ~ 16 km/h), mountain climbing, stair climbing, swimming, etc. High-intensity exercise mainly includes running (more than 8 km/h) and cycling (more than 16 km/h). Moderate intensity aerobic exercise has a steady rhythm and is the safest way for middle-aged and elderly people to exercise.

　　People should take aerobic exercise as the basic way of physical activity when doing physical fitness activities, and those who take improving cardiopulmonary function, losing weight, regulating blood pressure and improving blood lipid as the main purposes can choose aerobic exercise as the first choice.

　　2. Strength exercises

　　Strength training refers to the way that the human body overcomes resistance and improves muscle strength. Strength exercises include non-instrumental strength exercises and instrumental strength exercises. Non-instrumental exercises refer to strength exercises to overcome one’s own resistance, including push-ups, vertical jumping in situ, sit-ups, etc. Instrument strength exercise refers to the strength exercise that the human body carries out on various strength exercise instruments.

　　Strength exercises can improve muscle strength, increase muscle volume, develop muscle endurance, and promote bone development and bone health. Teenagers’ strength exercises can obviously improve their physical fitness and make their bodies stronger; After adulthood, with the growth of age, strength exercises should be increased year by year; Strength exercises for the elderly can improve their balance ability and prevent all kinds of accidental injuries caused by physical falls.

　　3. Ball games

　　Ball games include direct physical contact ball games and indirect physical contact ball games. The former includes basketball, football, rugby, hockey, ice hockey, etc. The latter includes volleyball, table tennis, badminton, tennis, gateball and softball.

　　Ball games are interesting, and participants’ interest in sports can be improved through competition and confrontation. Ball games have certain special technical requirements and need good physical fitness as the foundation. Regular participation in ball games can improve the body’s cardiopulmonary function, muscle strength and reaction ability, and adjust the psychological state, which is the first choice for teenagers.

　　4. Traditional sports in China.

　　Traditional sports in China include Wushu and Qigong. Specific forms of activities include Tai Ji Chuan (sword), Mulan Boxing (sword), martial arts routines, Wuqin Opera, Baduanjin, Yijinjing, Six-character Tactics and so on.

　　China’s traditional sports and fitness methods are gentle, soft and rigid, and emphasize the combination of ideas and physical activities, which has a unique health-keeping effect. It can improve the cardiopulmonary function and balance ability of human body, improve the function of nervous system and adjust mental state, and has good safety.

　　People, especially middle-aged and elderly people, whose main fitness purpose is to improve their balance, flexibility and coordination, improve their heart and lung functions and adjust their mental state can choose the traditional exercise and fitness methods in China.

　　5. Pulling exercises

　　Traction exercises include static traction exercises and dynamic traction exercises. Various traction exercises can increase the range of motion of joints, improve sports skills and reduce sports injuries.

　　Static traction includes positive pressure leg, side leg press, shoulder pressing, etc. Dynamic traction includes forward kicking, side kicking, waist swinging, etc. Those who take part in physical fitness activities for the first time should focus on static traction exercises, and gradually increase the content of dynamic traction exercises with the improvement of flexibility.

　　See Table 1 for the fitness effects of different sports activities.

　　Recommend sports activities according to the purpose of sports and fitness;

　　— — Physical exercisers whose main purpose is to improve their physical fitness and strengthen their bodies choose their favorite physical fitness activities that can be adhered to for a long time, such as aerobic exercise, ball games and traditional China fitness exercises.

　　— — Physical exercisers whose main purpose is to improve heart and lung function should choose aerobic exercise, ball games and other physical fitness activities in which the whole body muscles participate.

　　— — Physical exercisers whose main purpose is to reduce weight should choose long-term aerobic exercise. Long-term and moderate-intensity physical fitness activities can increase body fat consumption and reduce fat content. Long-term brisk walking, jogging and cycling are ideal exercise methods to reduce weight.

　　— — Physical exercisers whose main purpose is to adjust their mental state should choose various recreational ball games and traditional China sports such as Tai Ji Chuan and Qigong, so as to relieve their psychological pressure and improve their sleep.

　　— — Sports athletes whose main purpose is to increase muscle strength can choose instrumental strength exercises and non-instrumental strength exercises according to their own fitness needs and conditions. The effect of strength exercises is related to strength load and repetition times. Generally, strength exercises with large load and few repetitions mainly develop muscle strength, while strength exercises with small load and multiple repetitions mainly develop muscle endurance.

　　— — Physical exercisers with the main purpose of improving flexibility can choose various pulling exercises, especially in the preparation and relaxation stages, which can not only save physical exercise time, but also achieve better fitness results. Various aerobic exercises, aerobics, Tai Ji Chuan, Qigong and yoga can improve flexibility.

　　— — Physical exercisers whose main purpose is to improve their balance ability can choose various special balance training methods, including sitting balance ability exercise, standing balance ability exercise and sports balance ability exercise. Tai Ji Chuan (sword), table tennis, badminton, tennis, softball and other sports can also improve the balance ability of the human body.

　　— — Physical exercisers whose main purpose is to improve their reaction ability can choose various ball games, such as table tennis, badminton, basketball, football and tennis, which can improve their reaction ability.

　　See Table 2 for the recommended sports activities according to the purpose of sports and fitness.

　　(B) the intensity of physical fitness activities

　　The intensity of physical fitness activities is an important content of making physical fitness activities plan. The intensity is too small, and there is no obvious fitness effect; Excessive intensity is not only bad for fitness, but also may cause sports injuries.

　　1, the intensity of physical fitness activities.

　　The intensity of physical fitness activities can be divided into three levels: low intensity, medium intensity and high intensity.

　　Low-intensity exercise has little stimulation to the body, and the center rate of exercise process is generally less than 100 times/minute, such as walking.

　　Moderate intensity exercise stimulates the body moderately, and the center rate of exercise process is generally 100 ~ 140 times/minute, such as walking, jogging, cycling, Tai Ji Chuan, tennis doubles and so on.

　　High-intensity exercise can stimulate the body, which can further improve the fitness effect. The sports center rate exceeds 140 times/minute, such as running, fast cycling, fast-paced aerobics and fast mountain climbing, stair climbing, tennis singles, etc.

　　People with good exercise habits and good physique can do high-intensity and moderate-intensity exercise; People with certain exercise habits and good physique can use moderate intensity exercise; People who participate in physical fitness activities or are weak in physique at the beginning can exercise at moderate or low intensity. Physical exercisers can adjust their exercise intensity scientifically according to their own conditions to adapt to individual conditions when implementing the physical fitness program.

　　2. Monitoring the intensity of physical fitness activities

　　The indexes for monitoring the intensity of physical fitness activities include exercise center rate, breathing changes during exercise and self-feeling during exercise.

　　(1) monitoring the intensity of physical fitness activities with heart rate.

　　The greater the intensity of physical fitness activities, the more obvious the body and heart respond to sports stimuli and the faster the heart rate. Generally, the maximum heart rate percentage and the measured heart rate during exercise are commonly used to monitor the intensity of physical exercise.

　　The maximum heart rate refers to the fastest heartbeat frequency that can be achieved during human movement, expressed in beats/minute. There are two methods to measure the maximum heart rate: direct measurement and indirect inference. For direct measurement, it is necessary to adopt incremental load exercise testing in special testing institutions, which requires special exercise testing instruments and equipment.

　　The maximum heart rate of human body is related to age, and the maximum heart rate of normal people can be calculated by the following formula: maximum heart rate (beats/minute) =220- age (year)

　　During physical exercise, the heart rate is 85% or above the maximum heart rate, which is equivalent to high-intensity exercise; The heart rate is controlled in the range of 60% ~ 85% of the maximum heart rate, which is equivalent to moderate intensity exercise; The heart rate is controlled in the range of 50% ~ 60% of the maximum heart rate, which is equivalent to low-intensity exercise.

　　In the process of physical fitness activities, when the measured heart rate reaches more than 140 beats/minute, it is equivalent to high-intensity exercise; The heart rate is in the range of 100 ~ 140 beats/min, which is equivalent to moderate intensity exercise, and the heart rate is lower than 100 beats/min, which is equivalent to low intensity exercise.

　　(2) Monitoring the intensity of physical fitness activities by breathing.

　　Physical fitness activities cause changes in human respiratory frequency and depth, and exercise intensity can be monitored according to the changes in breathing during exercise.

　　Breathing easily: compared with the quiet state, the breathing frequency and breathing depth change little during exercise, and breathing is stable, so you can sing. The exercise heart rate in this breathing state is generally below 100 beats/min, which is equivalent to low-intensity exercise.

　　Breathing is relatively easy: the breathing depth and breathing frequency increase during exercise, and normal language communication can be achieved. The exercise heart rate is equivalent to 100 ~ 120 beats/min, which is a medium and small intensity exercise.

　　Shortness of breath: you can only speak short sentences during exercise, but you can’t fully express long sentences. The exercise heart rate is equivalent to 130 ~ 140 beats/min, which is a moderate intensity exercise.

　　Shortness of breath: it is difficult to breathe during exercise, and you can’t talk in words during exercise. Exercise heart rate generally exceeds 140 beats/min, which is a high-intensity exercise.

　　(3) Monitor the intensity of physical fitness activities with subjective physical sense.

　　Subjective physical feeling during human exercise can be divided into 6-20 grades, with light intensity exercise as easy (grade 9-10), moderate intensity exercise as slightly tired (grade 13-14) and high intensity exercise as tired (grade 15-16).

　　Subjective physical sensation levels are closely related to heart rate. The number of subjective physical sensation levels during exercise is multiplied by 10, which is equivalent to the heart rate during exercise (times/minute). For example, the number of subjective physical sensation levels in exercise is 12, which is equivalent to the heart rate of 120 beats/minute in exercise.

　　Physical exercisers can control exercise intensity through subjective physical feeling. Generally speaking, when doing moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, the subjective physical feeling is relaxed or slightly tired.

　　See Table 3 for the intensity division and monitoring of physical fitness activities.

　　3. Strength training intensity and fitness effect

　　The greater the load weight of strength exercises, the greater the exercise intensity. When doing strength exercises, the maximum repetitive load (RM) is often used to indicate the magnitude of load intensity. Maximum repetitive load refers to the maximum number of strength exercises that can be repeated when a certain load is used in muscle strength exercises. For example, when a person flexes and stretches a dumbbell, the maximum load is 20kg, and it can only be repeated once, then 20kg is the maximum repeated load (1RM) of his dumbbell. If he can repeat the flexion and extension of the load-bearing arm for 8 times at most with a load of 15 kg, then 15 kg is the maximum repeated load (8RM) of his load-bearing arm for 8 times. In non-instrumental strength training, a person can complete 8 push-ups, which is equivalent to 8RM, and so on.

　　Strength training load intensity can be divided into three levels: low intensity, medium intensity and high intensity, and strength training intensity is closely related to fitness effect.

　　High-intensity strength exercises, equivalent to 1 ~ 10rm, each load weight is repeated for 1 ~ 10 times, and each part is repeated for 2 ~ 3 groups, and the interval between groups is 2 ~ 3 minutes. High-intensity strength exercises are mainly used to improve the maximum muscle contraction strength.

　　Moderate intensity strength exercise, equivalent to 11 ~ 20rm, the repetition times of each load weight are 10 ~ 20 times, each part is repeated in 3 groups, and the interval between groups is 1 ~ 2 minutes. Moderate intensity strength exercises can be used to improve muscle strength and increase muscle volume.

　　Low-intensity strength exercise, equivalent to 20RM or above, each load weight is repeated more than 20 times, each part is repeated in 2 groups, and the interval between groups is 1 minute. Low-intensity strength exercises are mainly used to develop muscle endurance.

　　(3) Time for physical fitness activities

　　The time of each physical fitness activity directly affects the effect of physical fitness activities. Exercise time is too short, which has little effect on improving physical function; However, if the exercise time is too long, it will easily cause fatigue accumulation and will not further increase the fitness effect. For people who often participate in physical exercise, the effective physical fitness activity time is 30 ~ 90 minutes every day. In the initial stage of participating in physical fitness activities, the exercise time can be slightly shorter; After a period of physical fitness activities, the body can adapt to sports and can extend the exercise time. Physical fitness activities can be carried out once a day or several times separately, and each physical fitness activity should last for more than 10 minutes.

　　People who are used to physical fitness activities should exercise for 3-7 days a week, with 30-60 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise or 20-25 minutes of high-intensity exercise every day. In order to achieve the ideal effect of physical fitness activities, we should carry out moderate-intensity exercise for more than 150 minutes or high-intensity exercise for more than 75 minutes every week; If you have good exercise habits, and the comprehensive evaluation of exercise ability test is above good, you can do 300 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise or 150 minutes of high-intensity exercise every week, and the fitness effect is better.

Six, the content and arrangement of a physical fitness activity

　　A complete physical fitness activity should include three parts: preparation activity, basic activity and relaxation activity, as shown in Table 4.

　　(1) Preparatory activities

　　Warm-up activities refer to various physical exercises before the start of major physical fitness activities. The main function of warm-up activities is to mobilize the functional potential of heart, lungs, muscles and other organ systems in advance, so as to adapt to the upcoming various fitness activities, obtain the best exercise fitness effect, and effectively prevent acute and chronic sports injuries.

　　The preparation time is generally 5 ~ 10 minutes, which mainly includes two aspects. First, carry out proper aerobic exercise, such as brisk walking and jogging, so as to "warm up" various organ systems of the body and enter the working state in advance; The second is to carry out various traction exercises to increase joint mobility, improve the elasticity of soft tissues such as muscles and ligaments, and prevent muscle injury.

　　(2) Basic activities Basic activities are the main forms of physical exercise, including aerobic exercise, strength exercise, ball games and traditional China sports and fitness methods, and the duration is generally 30-60 minutes. In a physical fitness activity, it is necessary to choose a suitable exercise mode and control the appropriate exercise intensity and exercise time. In the arrangement of physical fitness activities in a week, physical fitness activists can have different physical fitness activities and exercise intensity according to their own situation. See Table 5 for the arrangement of exercise intensity, duration and exercise frequency of different physical fitness activities.

　　(3) Relaxation activities

　　Relaxation activities refer to all kinds of physical activities after the main physical fitness activities, mainly including low-intensity activities such as walking (or jogging) and various pulling exercises. After physical fitness activities, doing some moderate relaxation activities will help to eliminate fatigue, alleviate or avoid some uncomfortable symptoms in the body, and gradually restore the functions of various organs and systems of the body from the state of exercise to the state of quietness. Doing some traction exercises is beneficial to improve the flexibility of the body.

Seven, different stages of physical fitness activities.

　　(A) the initial physical fitness program

　　People who have just participated in physical fitness activities have less exercise load, and the duration of each physical fitness activity is relatively short, so that the body gradually adapts to the exercise load and the exercise ability is gradually improved. At the beginning of the physical fitness activity plan, you should choose the physical fitness activity mode that you like or conform to the fitness purpose. There should be a comfortable sense of fatigue after exercise, which basically disappears the next day after exercise.

　　At the beginning of physical fitness activities, the principle of increasing exercise load is to increase the daily exercise time, then increase the number of days of exercise per week, and finally increase the intensity of exercise.

　　The initial period of physical fitness activities is about 8 weeks, and the specific plan is as follows:

　　— — Exercise mode: moderate intensity aerobic exercise, ball games, China traditional exercise mode and flexibility exercise.

　　— — Exercise intensity: 55% of the maximum heart rate, gradually increasing to 60%.

　　— — Duration: Exercise for 10-20 minutes each time, and gradually increase to 30-40 minutes.

　　— — Exercise frequency: 3 days/week, gradually increasing to 5 days/week.

　　See Table 6 for an example of the initial physical fitness program.

　　(2) Medium-term sports fitness program

　　After 8 weeks of physical fitness activities, the human body basically adapts to the exercise load at the initial stage of exercise, and its physical function and exercise ability are improved, so it can enter the middle stage of physical fitness activities. At this stage, continue to increase the intensity and time of exercise, and gradually increase the time of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise to 150 minutes or more per week, so that the body can adapt to moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. The medium-term physical fitness activities last about 8 weeks, and the specific plan is as follows:

　　— — Exercise mode: maintain the initial mode of physical fitness activities; Increase strength exercises appropriately.

　　— — Exercise intensity: aerobic exercise intensity gradually increases from 60% ~ 65% of the maximum heart rate to 70% ~ 80% of the maximum heart rate; Anaerobic exercise can be arranged once a week, and the strength exercise uses a load of more than 20RM, which is repeated 6 ~ 8 times.

　　— — Duration: 30 ~ 50 minutes for each exercise; If anaerobic exercise is arranged, exercise for 10 ~ 15 minutes each time; 1 ~ 2 strength exercises once a week, 6 ~ 8 kinds of muscle strength exercises each time, and 1 ~ 2 groups are repeated for 5 ~ 10 minutes.

　　— — Exercise frequency: 3 ~ 5 days/week.

　　At this stage, the physical fitness program is basically fixed, and gradually transitions to a long-term and stable physical fitness program. See Table 7 for examples of mid-term physical fitness activities.

　　(3) Long-term physical fitness program

　　When the physical function reaches a higher level and good habits of physical fitness activities are formed, a long-term stable physical fitness activity plan suitable for one’s own characteristics should be established. Long-term and stable physical fitness activities should include at least 200-300 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise or 75-150 minutes of high-intensity exercise every week; Carry out strength exercises 2 ~ 3 times a week, and pull exercises no less than 5 times. The specific scheme is as follows:

　　— — Exercise mode: maintain the exercise mode in the middle stage of physical fitness activities.

　　— — Exercise intensity: moderate intensity exercise is equivalent to 60% ~ 80% of the maximum heart rate, and high intensity exercise reaches more than 80% of the maximum heart rate; Strength exercises are performed with a load of 10 ~ 20 rm and repeated for 10 ~ 15 times; All kinds of pulling exercises.

　　— — Duration: 30-60 minutes of moderate intensity exercise each time, or 15-25 minutes of high intensity anaerobic exercise, or alternating moderate and high intensity exercise; 8 ~ 10 kinds of muscle strength exercises, each repeated 2 ~ 3 groups, each time for 5 ~ 10 minutes of stretching exercises.

　　— — Exercise frequency: exercise for 5 ~ 7 days/week, and high-intensity exercise should not exceed 3 times per week.

　　See Table 8 for examples of long-term physical fitness activities.

On the evening of January 4th, Country Garden (02007.HK) released unaudited operation data. In December 2023, the company realized a total contract sales amount of about 6.91 billion yuan attributable to shareholders’ equity of the company, with a contract sales floor area of about 680,000 square meters. In 2023, Country Garden realized an equity sales amount of 174.28 billion yuan.

According to Country Garden WeChat official account, in 2023, Country Garden has delivered more than 600,000 houses. At the monthly management meeting of Country Garden held on December 8, 2023, Yang Huiyan, Chairman of the Board of Directors, said that the delivery challenge will enter the deep water area in the next 12 months, and the delivery volume of Country Garden is expected to exceed 400,000 sets in 2024, and the number is still huge.

In addition to ensuring delivery, ensuring operation and ensuring credit is also an important task for Country Garden in 2024. At the meeting, the management of Country Garden stressed: First, it is necessary to grasp the key sales nodes in December, increase the removal of existing buildings, mobilize national marketing, strive to break through special revitalization and promote the return of cash. Second, we should pay close attention to the payment at the end of the year and do a good job in collecting overdue receivables at the end of the year. At the same time, it is necessary to plan the work of returning home during the Spring Festival in advance, and the returning areas should make full preparations in advance to prepare for a good start in supply and sales arrangements.

In addition to strengthening internal sales, Country Garden strives to avoid the default of domestic bonds.

On December 13th, 2023, Country Garden Real Estate Group Co., Ltd., the main domestic debt issuer under Country Garden, released the results of "22 Bidi 02" bondholders’ resale. During the resale registration period, the number of effective resale declarations for "22 Bidi 02" was 8 million, the amount of resale was 800 million yuan (excluding interest), the number of resale cancellations was 0, and the amount of resale cancellations was 0 yuan. After the cancellation of the repurchase, the number of remaining unsold bonds is 0. A source told The Paper that a symposium for investors of "22 Bidi 02" and its credit protection certificates was held recently, with the purpose of discussing with the participating institutions the relevant arrangements for the issuer’s debt repayment fund raising and risk mitigation. Relevant institutions jointly created credit protection certificates to provide credit protection for "22 Bidi 02" issued by Country Garden Real Estate Group Co., Ltd..

On December 14, 2023, Country Garden announced that on December 13, 2023, Country Garden, Wanda Commercial Management Group and Zhuhai Wanying entered into an agreement, and Jinyi Global Co., Ltd., an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Country Garden, conditionally agreed to sell to Zhuhai Wanying or the designated party of Wanda, while the designated party of Zhuhai Wanying or Wanda conditionally agreed to buy the target shares from Jinyi Global (equivalent to 1.79% of the equity of the target company) at a consideration of 306,000 yuan.

Cctv news(News Network): During the "May Day" holiday, various localities launched special activities to enrich the supply of cultural tours, and upgraded services to allow people to have more travel choices and enjoy the holiday.

Colorful activities, enjoy the holiday. In Dulbert County, Heilongjiang Province, tourists watch the fishing in Kaihu Lake at close range and learn about the local fishing and hunting culture. On the banks of Fengcheng River in Taizhou, Jiangsu, people visit the old streets and taste Taizhou morning tea such as dried silk, fish soup noodles and crab roe buns. Water tourism in Dongting Lake Tourist Resort in Yueyang, Hunan Province is very popular. Tourists surf and play in the blue sky and clear water, enjoying the pleasure of sports. In Qiandao Lake, Zhejiang Province, the popular scenic spot "Lake Tour" is expanding to the surrounding global tourism. In this "May Day", tourists walk into the original ecological canyon and enjoy the beautiful scenery of virgin forests and waterfalls.

This "May Day" holiday has enriched people’s cultural life. Relying on biodiversity resources, Kunming, Yunnan Province conducts research tours. In Kunming Botanical Garden, parents and children follow their research instructors to explore the mysteries of nature. In Mianyang, Sichuan, the scientific and technological sightseeing projects represented by China "Two Bombs" City and Science and Technology Museum are favored by the citizens, and everyone feels the charm of science and technology during the visit experience.

During the "May 1" holiday, many measures were taken to promote consumption upgrading. In Shenyang, Liaoning, the splendid sports event economy has become a new fashion of holiday consumption. Urumqi, Xinjiang skillfully uses containers that must be used to transport goods in foreign trade export to build a night market. Handicrafts, food, camping and other special markets with various themes and styles have become citizens’ "consumption circles at home".

In Tianjin, the all-weather consumption scene, which integrates amusement, leisure, performing arts and situational experience, brings different experiences to citizens and tourists. Music performances, special markets, more than 60 exhibitions, night markets and other activities make the choice of holidays more diverse. Fujian creates a new scene of travel consumption in the high-speed service area. On the first day of the holiday, the passenger flow in the service area of the province exceeded 1.2 million, driving the consumption of catering and retail to exceed 4.3 million yuan. In Huaizhi Service Area, which focuses on tea culture, visitors can not only enjoy tea and relax, but also watch performances and experience intangible skills.

　　　　China Daily News Global Online News: Perhaps many people don’t know about silver snapper, and perhaps there will never be a movement to protect silver snapper in the world, because this ugly fish really doesn’t like people. However, after discovering an extremely rare albino silver shark, scientists feel that it is time to popularize scientific knowledge related to silver shark to the public.

　　　　Rare albino silver snapper (American media picture)

　　　　According to American media reports, on a cold day with drizzle last year, students from the University of Washington in the United States stumbled upon this silver shark while conducting a survey of marine resources. Recently, this silver shark was officially unveiled.

　　　　It is reported that at that time, a lot of silverfish were caught in a net thrown into the sea. Among those dark brown silverfish, Jon, a doctoral student of the school, suddenly found this albino silverfish, which was as pure as a pearl.

　　　　Jon and his classmates were very surprised. He said, "Everyone started cheering and clapping. This is the most exciting thing for us."

　　　　This silver shark is a female, with a length of 1 foot (about 30 cm). It is estimated that its "age" is about 2 to 3 years old, and it belongs to the "child" in the silver shark world.

　　　　Ted, a fish professor at the University of Washington, said that in his 40-year career, he had never seen an albino silver shark. This albinism is rare in the underwater world.

　　　　It is reported that silver mackerel is a cartilaginous fish separated from the ancestors of mackerel, and it is still known as a "living fossil". Generally speaking, silver-gray or dark brown, with a slightly dark gray back and a silvery white abdomen, are mainly distributed in tropical and temperate deep-sea areas of the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, and usually live on the bottom of the deep sea.

　　　　In addition to this silver shark, there are many albino animals in the world that have attracted people’s extensive attention. In May this year, a British woman found a rare albino kangaroo in a rural area of olney, Buckinghamshire. It is reported that the probability of albinism in kangaroos is about one in one hundred thousand.

　　　　In January 2006, a rare albino two-headed snake was auctioned at the World Aquarium in St. Louis, USA. With two heads and two mouths, this albino snake has always been a "star animal" in the aquarium.

　　　　In November, 2003, Snowflake, the only albino orangutan known in the world, died in Barcelona Zoo, Spain. It suffered from skin cancer and was finally euthanized by the veterinarian because of its deterioration. "Snowflake" was deeply loved by people before his death, and the Spanish were very sad for its departure. (Zhang Chunyan Editor: Xia Ya)

　　

Editor: Fan Jing

CCTV News:Driven by the Beijing Winter Olympics, the ice and snow movement has been widely carried out, and the ice and snow that used to be a "cold resource" has gradually transformed into a "hot economy" that drives high-quality development.

Xinjiang, which is rich in ice and snow resources, is now in the hot summer. In the Jiangjunshan International Ski Resort in Altay City, the construction of the tourist service center project is in full swing, and the sound of the scene is rumbling, and the workers are scrambling for the construction period and working together to strive for 2022— Put into use in the snow season of 2023.

Altay’s continued investment in ice and snow facilities lies in the 97% increase in the number of tourists received in the snow season last year. Thanks to this, this year Xinjiang will also complete the construction of Huocheng Ice and Snow Town, the expansion of Nalati Ski Resort and Sailimu Lake Ski Resort. On a nationwide scale, despite the impact of the epidemic, the number of ski tourists in the country has maintained an increasing trend. The ice and snow industry is becoming the new engine of economic development in many areas rich in ice and snow resources.

　　　　　　 Peng Weiyong, Deputy Director of Sports Economics Department of State Sports General Administration:2021— In the snow season of 2022, the number of ice and snow tourists reached 312 million, and the tourism income reached 390 billion yuan. The facilities of ice and snow venues have been greatly improved. Now our skiing population has reached 15 million, and the number of skiers has reached 21 million. On the whole, our scale, social subjects and skiing population are constantly expanding, showing a good trend.

As a country with a late development of ice and snow sports, China has always been considered that ice and snow resources are not rich. However, the research findings of the Institute of Geography of Chinese Academy of Sciences in recent years show that China is rich in ice and snow resources, and there are still a large number of high-quality ice and snow resources that have not yet been developed.

Entrusted by the relevant state departments, the Institute of Geography of Chinese Academy of Sciences began to investigate China’s land ice and snow resources in 2010. It is found that the comprehensive conditions of China’s ice and snow resources are comparable to those of internationally famous ice and snow tourist destinations, such as the European Alps, the Loki Mountains in North America, Northeast Asia, Japan and South Korea, and it is one of the best ski tourism resource-rich areas in the world. In addition to the traditional northeast and north China, especially the northwest region has obvious advantages in key indicators such as vertical drop, snowfall and snow storage period.

Li Yu, researcher of Institute of Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences:In recent years, we have made a general survey of resources, and initially found that in Xinjiang, the focus is on Altay in Xinjiang, including Ili Prefecture. We believe that it should be in the first echelon in terms of quality, quantity and volume.

According to reports, in 2021, there will be 52 international large-scale ski resorts with more than 1 million skiers in the single snow season, of which 79% will be in the Alps; In this respect, China is still blank and has great potential for future development. However, experts also said that the construction of large-scale ski resorts should be scientifically evaluated from local natural resources, location advantages, environmental protection and other aspects, and it is forbidden to blindly follow the trend of development.

Li Yu, researcher of Institute of Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences:From the orientation of the main function of the country and the spatial planning of the country, the core area of the clear ecological red line area should be firmly fixed. In addition, in the area south of the Yangtze River, I personally think that outdoor ski resorts should be at least strictly restricted (built) and the development of indoor ski resorts should be encouraged.

　　[Aika Auto Domestic New Car Original]

　　The new BMW 5 Series and BMW i5 were officially launched on January 25th, bringing more choices to consumers. The new BMW 5 Series offers 7 models with a price range of 43.99-52.59 million yuan, while the BMW i5 offers 5 models with a price range of 43.99-63.99 million yuan. In terms of car purchase benefits, the old customers of the new BMW 5 Series fuel models can also choose the Changyue maintenance package of up to 5 years and 100,000 kilometers-upgraded version or insurance support of up to 12,000 yuan.

　　Bmw 5 series

　　In terms of design, the new BMW 5 Series shows a more tough and dynamic style. Compared with the current models, the front face design of the new car is more powerful. At the same time, it is equipped with a circular grille and boomerang daytime running lights, which shows the latest design language of BMW brand. It is worth noting that the new car does not adopt the giant grille design of BMW 7 Series, but maintains relative restraint and exquisite overall shape.

　　On the side of the car body, the new car shows smooth and smooth lines. The semi-hidden door handle is flush with the door, and the flat roof antenna makes the side look more concise and generous. The "Hough Corner" of the rear door is perfectly integrated with the C-pillar, which embodies BMW’s unique design concept. In addition, the details of the embossed number "5" on the black plaque highlight the uniqueness of the new car.

　　In terms of interior, the new BMW 5 Series adopts the latest family-style design style, and the continuous screen design of 12.3-inch instrument and 14.9-inch central control panel makes the whole interior space more scientific and modern. The new style of sports steering wheel and the introduction of iDrive 8.5 system have further improved the convenience and intelligent experience of driving. In addition, the new car has also been optimized in the logic of function entry, which makes it easier for drivers to access common functions.

　　In terms of intelligent driving, the new BMW 5 Series is equipped with the third-generation BMW intelligent driving system, which realizes the full-stack software self-research, and fully adjusts the road conditions in China and the driving habits of users. The L2+ intelligent driving assistance function of the new car has been updated more than 100 times according to the features of the China market, and has been localized and debugged more than 2,000 times, showing BMW’s leading strength in the field of intelligent driving.

　　In terms of power, the new BMW 5 Series offers two models, 525Li and 530Li, which are equipped with high and low power versions of 2.0T engines with maximum power of 156kW and 211kW respectively. In terms of transmission system, the new car is matched with an 8-speed automatic manual transmission to provide drivers with a smoother and more flexible driving experience. At the same time, the new car is also equipped with the 9th generation lateral dynamics management system, which can accurately analyze and predict the dynamic parameters of the vehicle, provide stable and accurate chassis adjustment, and give consideration to handling and comfort.

　　Bmw i5

　　The new BMW i5 is based on the new generation BMW 5 Series, but it is endowed with sharper and brighter lines, creating a unique sense of future technology. Compared with the fuel version, the new car has made many innovations in details, showing strong personalized characteristics.

　　On the front face, the kidney grille is still BMW’s iconic design, but on the i5, champagne gold elements are integrated around and around the grille, adding a touch of luxury to the new car. Angel eye headlights have been simplified, which is more in line with the modern aesthetic trend, highlighting the simple and exquisite design style.

　　On the side of the car body, the smooth body lines inherit the elegant temperament of BMW 5 Series, and at the same time, the new car cleverly designs the "5" glorious logo at the corner of Hoxhorn. This unique element presents a blue breathing effect when charging, which not only enhances the recognition of the vehicle, but also brings a unique customized experience to domestic users.

　　In the rear part, the taillight design of the new car is also ingenious, and the integration of L-shaped chrome decoration further enhances the luxury of the vehicle. This exquisite treatment of details fully demonstrates BMW’s perfect pursuit of luxury and technology.

　　In terms of interior, the new BMW i5 adopts the combined screen design of 12.3-inch LCD instrument and 14.9-inch touch screen, which is full of science and technology. The combination of embracing interactive light strip and concealed air outlet of air conditioner makes the interior space more simple and modern. It is worth mentioning that the flowing gold plaque in front of the co-pilot is inspired by the elements of China, which skillfully blends the oriental charm into the luxurious atmosphere.

　　For the experience of the rear passengers, the new car has also been fully upgraded. The addition of the rear suspended giant screen provides passengers with a more shocking entertainment experience. This luxury configuration from the BMW 7 Series has become an exclusive option on the domestic long-wheelbase version of the 5 Series. In addition, the new car is also equipped with Bowers & Wilkins surround sound system, four-zone automatic independent air conditioning and other high-end configurations, which further enhances the comfort and dignity of the rear passengers.

　　On the power system, the BMW i5 long wheelbase version is equipped with the upgraded fifth-generation eDrive electric drive system. The maximum power of the rear single motor can reach 250kW, the peak torque is 430 Nm, and the cruising range under CLTC conditions is as high as 567km. The standard-axis version of the M60 xDrive is equipped with a dual-motor four-wheel drive system, with a maximum power of 380kW and a maximum torque of 795 Nm. The acceleration time of 0-100km/h is only 3.8 seconds, which brings the driver the ultimate driving experience.

　　Editor’s comment:The new generation of BMW 5 Series, with the same model and starting price for oil cars and trams, is actually the most conservative and effective way for luxury brands to enter the era of electric vehicles. The choice is left to consumers, and the flexibility of price adjustment is left to terminal agents. Anyway, users are coming for the brand, and it is the greatest success not to be robbed by others. The simultaneous launch of the two models not only highlights BMW’s firm determination to parallel fuel and electric technology, but also its deep thinking and innovative practice for future travel modes. The elegance of the new 5 Series and the sense of science and technology of the i5 complement each other, and jointly build a new era of diversified and intelligent luxury travel. At this moment, we expect these two models to set off new waves in the market, bringing consumers more yuan and more cutting-edge driving experience.

Wonderful content review:

The new BMW 5 Series Long Axis Edition and BMW i5 are officially released.

In March next year, the globally listed BMW X2 will be unveiled at the Guangzhou Auto Show.

BMW made its debut in China International Import Expo(CIIE) with iX5 hydrogen fuel cell vehicle.

　　CCTV News:The safety status of imported food in China in 2017 announced by the General Administration of Customs also shows that in 2017, a total of 49,000 tons of food that did not meet China’s laws, regulations and standards and were not allowed to enter the country were detected. The main unqualified items are the use of food additives beyond the scope or limit, microbial contamination and unqualified quality in some imported foods.

　　In 2017, a total of 6,631 batches, 49,000 tons and 69.537 million US dollars of food that did not comply with Chinese laws, regulations and standards and were not allowed to enter the country were detected.

　　In terms of food types, the foods that are not allowed to enter the country cover almost all kinds of imported foods, among which the top 10 categories are beverages, cakes and biscuits, sugar, cereals and products, alcohol, meat, aquatic products and products, dairy products, tea and special foods, accounting for 86.1% of the total batches of foods that are not allowed to enter the country.

　　Bi Kexin, head of the Import and Export Food Safety Bureau of the General Administration of Customs, said that quality, certificates, labels, food additives and microorganisms are the main unqualified reasons.

　　These foods that are not allowed to enter the country come from 94 countries (regions), among which the top 10 sources by batch are the European Union, Japan, Taiwan, China, ASEAN, the United States, South Korea, Australia, Hong Kong, China, Russia and Canada, accounting for 88.1% of the total batches of foods that are not allowed to enter the country. Bi Kexin said that the unqualified food was returned or destroyed by the customs authorities in accordance with relevant regulations and did not enter the domestic market. Consumers can also visit official website of the General Administration of Customs for relevant information.

　　At Qingdao Port, customs officers randomly sample imported frozen meat at any time according to a certain proportion, and conduct on-site inspection. The sampled goods should be checked one by one for container number, seal identification number, temperature record, packaging and identification, and check whether the information such as product name, quantity, specification, production enterprise registration number and production batch number are consistent with the information in the documents attached to the goods.

　　China makes a sampling inspection plan for imported meat products every year, and generally requires dozens of items to be tested.

　　By 2017, the General Administration of Customs had completed the confirmation of official certificates such as hygiene certificates, phytosanitary certificates and certificates of origin for 19 kinds of products such as meat, dairy products, aquatic products and cereals in 140 countries (regions). In 2017, China signed 44 import and export food safety cooperation agreements with major trading partners around the world.