分类： 上海夜生活论坛

　　CCTV News:The General Administration of Customs announced on May 9 that in the first four months, China exported 4.44 trillion yuan of mechanical and electrical products, an increase of 10.5%, accounting for 57.9% of the total export value. Among them, the automobile was 204.53 billion yuan, an increase of 120.3%.

　　In the first four months of this year, China’s "new three products" of electric manned vehicles, lithium batteries and solar cells exported a total of 353.48 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 72%. Exported to more than 200 countries and regions around the world, it increased the overall growth rate of exports by 2.1 percentage points.

　　Products with high technology, high added value and leading green transformation, represented by the "new three kinds" of foreign trade, are becoming new growth points and new advantageous industries for China’s exports.

　　Editor’s note: People can’t stand without faith, and businesses can’t thrive without faith. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that for the outstanding lack of honesty, it is necessary to establish a credit information system covering the whole society, and to improve the law-abiding honesty reward mechanism and the punishment mechanism for breaking the law, so that people dare not break their promises and cannot break their promises.

　　How to establish a credit information system covering the whole society? How to break the information island, make it difficult for the untrustworthy to move, and make the trustworthy smooth all the way? Starting today, this newspaper launched a series of reports, focusing on the construction process of China’s enterprise credit information system, showing the status quo, experience and difficulties of enterprise credit information construction through three levels: national, local and market-oriented institutions.

　　What are the consequences of corporate dishonesty?

　　The loan failed, the business almost flew, and the bidding qualification was lost … … These are real cases that happened all over the country.

　　How do you know whether an enterprise has broken its promise?

　　The credit of an enterprise is not its privacy. You don’t need any authority to query it. Just log in to the national enterprise credit information publicity system and enter the enterprise name, unified social credit code or registration number, and the credit information of the enterprise can be seen at a glance.

　　At present, the national enterprise credit information publicity system has been basically completed and has become a powerful tool to strengthen supervision after the event. This information platform, led by the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, weaves the enterprise data of various departments and localities into a "national network", credit loopholes are tightening, credit punishment is intensifying, and the credit pattern of "one place is broken and everywhere is limited" is taking shape. How was this "net" covering the whole country built? How to form joint punishment with financial management departments and judicial departments? Is online and offline enterprise supervision unified?

　　The national enterprise credit information publicity system has become an important channel for all sectors of society to query enterprise credit information.

　　"Our company almost lost tens of millions of orders because it was included in the list of business anomalies by the national enterprise credit information publicity system." Mr. Miao, the relevant person in charge of the office of a power engineering design company in Nanjing, said.

　　It turned out that because the annual report was not submitted on time, Mr. Miao’s company was listed in the abnormal list, which made it impossible to enter the State Grid contractor management system and obtain power business orders. Although he later submitted the materials and applied to remove the abnormal list, Mr. Miao still had a lingering fear in retrospect.

　　The national enterprise credit information publicity system has become an important channel for all sectors of society to inquire about enterprise credit information. A large number of government departments, media, banks, commercial institutions and intermediary organizations inquire about enterprise information through the publicity system. By the end of March this year, there were 5.066 million market entities listed in the list of abnormal operations in China, including 4.629 million enterprises and 436,000 farmers’ professional cooperatives. Enterprises listed in the list of business anomalies account for 18.8% of the national enterprises, and farmers’ professional cooperatives listed in the list of business anomalies account for 23.5% of the national farmers’ professional cooperatives.

　　At first, it was not easy to break the information island.

　　As early as March 2014, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce opened a transitional national enterprise credit information publicity system, but there have been problems such as incomplete collection of enterprise information between regions and departments, weak infrastructure, and imperfect functions of supporting government management and serving the society.

　　In order to build a more comprehensive big data platform, SAIC has conducted special training for local staff, requiring the industrial and commercial and market supervision departments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities to integrate information according to unified technical standards, data specifications and format specifications. At present, 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities across the country have established information collection and open sharing mechanisms, effectively solving the problems of information islands, especially the decentralization, regionalization and fragmentation of enterprise information.

　　In order to break the information island between departments and form the result of "one place is broken and limited everywhere", SAIC has pushed the information data of business exception list to the departments of development and reform, commerce, land and resources, financial management and justice in real time. At the same time, it will also work with the Supreme People’s Court and the Ministry of Justice to impose business restrictions on those who have been executed for dishonesty and those who have been released from prison. At present, a total of 5,150,700 market entities listed in the business exception list have been pushed to relevant departments; By the end of last year, 3,364,100 "Lao Lai" provided by Gaofa had been legally restricted to 71,100 posts.

　　Open a shop online and operate in different places, but you can also run away from the temple.

　　"Why is the online store closed?" Mr. Fu, the owner of a clothing online shop in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, opened the computer online shop as usual, but received a notice from the management of Tmall: your company ××× has been listed in the list of business anomalies, and you have been disqualified from operating in Tmall.

　　Worried that the online shop he had worked hard for several years was gone, Mr. Fu went to the local market supervision bureau to ask what the "business exception list" was about. After inquiring, the staff told Mr. Fu: "The system shows that your enterprise has been listed in the business exception list because the registered residence or business premises cannot be contacted. At the same time, there are many complaints and reports that do not cooperate with the investigation."

　　Mr. Fu was ashamed. "Actually, the comrades who handled consumer complaints called me several times, saying that my shop was complained a lot and asked me to handle it in the past. I am worried that I will lose money or be fined for handling consumer complaints. I think that my business is operating in a different place. Anyway, if you can’t find me, you won’t go. "

　　Mr. Fu’s idea is not a case. In recent years, online consumer complaints and reports have increased, and most of the reported objects are business households on third-party platforms such as Taobao, Tmall and JD.COM. Due to the strong concealment of network operators, most of them operate in different places. In the process of handling complaints and reports, it often happens that the reported subject cannot be contacted, or the reported subject does not cooperate with the investigation.

　　To this end, Ningbo Municipal Market Supervision Bureau has improved the operating procedures of the list of business anomalies and stipulated detailed evidence collection and approval procedures. In particular, we will carry out substantive verification for the lost enterprises that do not cooperate with the investigation, conduct on-the-spot verification and evidence collection through the registered address, and list the network operating enterprises that cannot be contacted in the business exception list and publicize them in the national enterprise credit information publicity system, so that enterprises that open stores online and operate in different places can not escape the punishment of dishonesty.

　　"Now I know that opening a shop online and operating in different places can also run a monk but not a temple." Mr. Fu said.

　　Record the illegal behavior of enterprises and give full play to the role of social co-governance

　　In the interview, the reporter found that some enterprises are actually operating in good condition, but they are listed in the business exception list because they have not reported on time.

　　An entrepreneur said frankly: the starting point of the business exception list system is very good, but many of our enterprises are often included in the business exception list only for a moment without an annual report, and the subjective fault is not great. Once listed in the list of business anomalies, corporate loans, signing contracts, bidding, and even personal travel, buying a house and a car, and schooling for children of corporate leaders are all restricted, and the scope of punishment is too wide, which has caused some obstacles to the development of enterprises.

　　How to treat the problem of "too wide punishment scope" reflected by some enterprises?

　　"First of all, enterprises should not treat the annual report as a trivial matter. Every enterprise should fulfill its due social responsibilities according to law, be responsible for its own actions, conduct annual reports and submit instant information according to law." Ma Fu, director of the Enterprise Supervision Bureau of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, believes that the decision of banks and other institutions to restrict loans to enterprises or related responsible persons listed in the business exception list is a decision made by banks independently from the consideration of their loan risks. It shows that the awareness of credit supervision and social co-governance in all aspects of society is gradually strengthened, and the role of credit constraint is gradually playing.

　　At the same time, enterprises should not think that once they forget that the annual report is included in the business exception list, they will not be able to turn over, and they can apply for removal from the exception list after timely reporting. However, if the jar is broken, the list of three-year business anomalies will be included in the list of serious illegal and untrustworthy enterprises (commonly known as "blacklist") if it is not removed.

　　"The national enterprise credit information publicity system records every illegal behavior of the enterprise, which is evaluated by the market, by consumers, by banks and by traders, so as to better play the role of social co-governance. When all kinds of illegal acts enter the system, society will usher in an era of fair competition and good order. " The groom said.

CCTV News:According to the website of China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission on the 5th, in order to further deepen the structural reform of the financial supply side, strengthen the supervision of insurance asset management companies, and promote the high-quality development of the insurance asset management industry, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission revised the Interim Provisions on the Management of Insurance Asset Management Companies (Order No.2 [2004] of the China Insurance Regulatory Commission) and solicited opinions and suggestions from relevant parties and the public, thus forming the Regulations on the Management of Insurance Asset Management Companies (hereinafter referred to as the Regulations), which is now officially released.

There are 7 chapters and 85 articles in the Regulations, the main contents of which are as follows: First, a special chapter on corporate governance is added. Combined with the supervision practice in recent years, the requirements are clarified from the aspects of overall requirements, shareholders’ obligations, incentive and restraint mechanism, the operation of shareholders’ meeting and board of directors and supervisors, the establishment of professional committees, the system of independent directors, the chief risk management executive and the part-time job of senior management, etc., so as to enhance the independence of insurance asset management companies and comprehensively strengthen the institutional constraints of corporate governance supervision. Second, take risk management as a special chapter, and comprehensively supplement it from the aspects of risk management system, risk management requirements, internal control audit, subsidiary risk management, related party transaction management, employee management, risk reserve, emergency management, etc., and strive to enhance the risk management ability of insurance asset management companies and effectively safeguard the safety of long-term funds such as insurance funds. The third is to optimize the design of equity structure. Implement the decision-making and deployment of the State Council Financial Committee to expand opening to the outside world, treat the shareholders of insurance asset management companies at home and abroad equally, and cancel the upper limit of foreign shareholding ratio. In addition, the conditions for all types of shareholders are clearly defined and set, and the management of shareholders of non-financial enterprises is strict. The fourth is to optimize the operating principles and related requirements. Refine the business scope of insurance asset management companies, increase the basic principles of entrusted management of various funds, clearly require the establishment of custody mechanism, improve asset independence and prohibit debt offset, prohibit channel business, and make provisions on sales management and prudent operation. The fifth is to supplement regulatory means and violations. Added the contents of hierarchical supervision, information disclosure, major event report, etc.It has enriched the methods and measures of supervision and inspection, and increased the contents of illegal file records, professional institutions’ illegal responsibilities, financial status monitoring and self-discipline management.

The Regulation is an important measure to implement the spirit of the CPC Central Committee the State Council on deepening the structural reform of the financial supply side and expanding the decision-making arrangements for opening to the outside world. It has comprehensively considered the existing problems in the current development of insurance asset management companies and the development direction in the future, formed a relatively complete institutional supervision system framework with more distinctive features, and provided space for the market-oriented operation and differentiated development of insurance asset management companies. It is conducive to guiding and promoting the standardized operation and high-quality development of insurance asset management companies, better meeting the needs of maintaining and increasing the value of long-term funds such as insurance funds, and cultivating more stable institutional investors for the stable and healthy operation of the capital market and the high-quality development of the real economy.

Attachment: Provisions on the Administration of Insurance Asset Management Companies

　　Recently, the speculation that take-away apps may "eavesdrop" users has attracted a lot of attention and discussion. Related companies quickly denied that it was an unwarranted guess to emphasize "monitoring users’ daily conversations and doing information analysis" and there was no corresponding product setting. Even so, this kind of discussion still shows that most users love and hate online applications such as App: they want to be more convenient and "know me better", but they are worried about knowing too much private information, so that they "know me too well".

　　For such problems, China’s Cyber Security Law, which came into effect in 2017, establishes that network operators must follow the principles of legality, legitimacy and necessity when collecting and using personal information. However, with more and more opportunities for users’ personal information to be collected and stored, all kinds of violations of users’ private information are still emerging one after another, and some privacy-related user data leakage incidents also occur frequently. App’s excessive request for permission, out-of-range collection and use of personal information are repeatedly prohibited.

　　In response to such practical problems, the recently concluded National People’s Congress also reported that the Personal Information Protection Law has been put on the legislative agenda of this session of the National People’s Congress. On March 15th, the State Administration of Market Supervision and the Central Network Information Office jointly issued the Announcement on Carrying out App Security Certification and its implementation rules, so as to standardize the behavior of App in collecting and using user information, especially personal information, and strengthen the security protection of personal information.

　　However, after an interview with China Youth Daily and Zhongqing Online reporter, we learned that these regulatory policies are not only promoting the improvement of privacy protection system, but also facing considerable resistance. All parties are also looking for, besides laws and regulations, what other market and technical forces can balance the contradiction between privacy protection and data efficiency?

　　Repeatedly banned! Nearly 70% of users have experienced excessive access to privacy rights by App.

　　After checking a lot of contents about IELTS in the search engine, the homepage of shopping App in Wuhan college student Lin Hai’s mobile phone was captured by IELTS-related books and materials. "I was surprised at first, then angry, and then scared." He described his feelings after discovering this fact.

　　At present, such phenomena are not uncommon. Another college student, Yang Xiaoye, installed a mirror App on her mobile phone. Inadvertently, she found that the App actually accessed her address book "legally". Another single-function flashlight App even asked for the recording permission of the mobile phone.

　　From July 17 to August 13, 2018, the questionnaire survey on "App Personal Information Disclosure" organized by China Consumers Association showed that 85.2% of the respondents said that they had experienced the disclosure of App personal information; 67.2% of the respondents said that the App they used obtained the privacy rights in the mobile phone when its function was unnecessary.

　　The survey also shows that the permissions to read location information and access contacts are the most common situations when installing and using mobile apps, and the permissions such as call records, SMS records, camera and microphone recordings are often required by apps.

　　Zhu Wei, deputy director of the Communication Law Research Center of China University of Political Science and Law, has a deep understanding of the behavior of App’s excessive access to privacy. He once installed and used a famous App on his mobile phone, but he uninstalled it because he often sent advertisements. However, after uninstalling, he can still receive SMS advertisements from the App platform from time to time, and sometimes even push corresponding advertisements according to his city. Zhu Wei guessed that this may be because when he first used this App, he allowed him to obtain too many privacy rights in the use agreement.

　　Wang Yuwei, a partner of Guantao Zhongmao (Shanghai) Law Firm, believes that because many enterprises have long-standing disadvantages, it takes time and economic costs for their own legal compliance and government law enforcement, and the economic benefits obtained from excessive collection of information are attractive. These factors have made it difficult to implement relevant laws.

　　Huang Xiaolin, head of the Data and Privacy Center of Tencent’s Legal Department, pointed out that the problem of App obtaining too many and excessive user rights has been around for a long time, and it is inappropriate for some apps to obtain users’ sensitive rights beyond the necessary scope. However, the reason for these phenomena is that the legal risks they face may be far less than the commercial benefits they can obtain.

　　Huang Xiaolin also added that there are many apps that integrate multiple functions and even have more functions in future iterative upgrades. In order to realize these functions, apps will ask for more permissions. In this case, it is necessary to make a specific judgment on the specific functions of each App to judge whether it has obtained excessive user rights and whether it is compliant.

　　How effective is it? App security certification began to be implemented.

　　In view of the phenomenon that App has excessively obtained privacy rights, on March 15th, the International Consumer Rights Day, the State Administration of Market Supervision and the Central Network Information Office jointly issued the Announcement on App Security Certification, and designated the China Network Security Review Technology and Certification Center (ISCCC) as the official certification body to formulate technical verification specifications according to the Information Security Technology Personal Information Security Specification for App security certification.

　　China Youth Daily Zhongqing Online reporter learned that the above-mentioned App security certification related channels were officially opened on March 21st. Certification adheres to the principle of voluntariness and follows the mode of "technical verification+on-site verification+post-certification supervision". Search platforms and App stores will be encouraged to give priority to the recommendation of certified apps. The specific technical verification specifications for personal information security in App have been formulated and will be made public to the institutions involved in the verification.

　　As a privacy protection practitioner of Internet companies, Huang Xiaolin is relatively optimistic about the above-mentioned App certification. "It will have a more positive effect on the whole industry, on individuals and privacy protection (in this respect), and will lead enterprises to pay more attention to this aspect."

　　Huang Xiaolin also pointed out that there are a large number of apps on the market at present, and it remains to be seen whether enterprises can spend enough time and economic costs to participate. However, for apps and companies that occupy most market share, this is a process of self-correction, which may promote enterprises to be more compliant from the source. He expects that this kind of App security certification can be more automated, efficient and even as popular as anti-virus software with the help of more technical means, thus further promoting the compliance operation of App.

　　As a lawyer who has long been concerned about the field of privacy protection, Wang Yuwei said that the practice of App security certification belongs to the governance method of market regulation, which will make the means of privacy governance more diversified. However, he also pointed out that although the framework of the App security certification has been set, there are still many places where the boundaries are not clear enough. For example, the concept of major information security incident appeared in the detailed rules, but the current law has no clear provisions on how to define major information security incidents.

　　Relevant personnel of China Cyber Security Review Technology and Certification Center (ISCCC) told China Youth Daily and Zhongqing Online reporter that there is no clear definition of the above concepts at present, and some personal information security-related assessment guidelines will be used as the criteria for judging. Judging from the open rules, the main supervision means for certified apps are still self-inspection by enterprises, supplemented by social supervision, but the supervision by third parties is very limited. At the same time, because the certification is voluntary, how to manage the apps that have not passed the certification has not been completely and effectively solved.

　　Encourage checks and balances! The technical community seeks solutions.

　　For the privacy protection problem brought by the development of big data technology, the technical community is also paying attention to and studying the corresponding solutions.

　　On March 23rd, at the china computer federation Youth Computer Science and Technology Forum (CCF YOCSEF), "In the era of artificial intelligence, must privacy and efficiency be irreconcilable?" During the special discussion, some technicians said that privacy protection based on blockchain technology has been tried in Hangzhou and other places. The general idea is to use public chain to carry out data transactions and alliance chain to carry out data encryption protection.

　　For the application of blockchain technology in the field of privacy protection, Meng Xiaofeng, a professor at China Renmin University, pointed out that decentralized and traceable blockchain technology is a direction of privacy protection that can be studied, which is conducive to traceability and accountability after privacy disclosure. However, due to the immature technology and low efficiency, the application of blockchain technology in the field of privacy protection is still in the exploratory stage, and the use cost of blockchain is also high, so it is uncertain whether the regulatory authorities or enterprises will adopt it.

　　As a practitioner in the technical field, Pei Zhiyong, director of the 360 Industry Security Research Center, believes that it is technically feasible to use blockchain or big data technology to monitor privacy leaks, but in practice, it faces the problem of high cost and still needs a lot of human resources.

　　At the above-mentioned symposium, Pei Zhiyong put forward an idea to introduce the "three-way principle of checks and balances" currently applied in the field of cloud computing into App security supervision: separate the owner, operator and manager of personal data related to privacy, avoid a subject being both a referee and an athlete, commercialize this ability of checks and balances, and encourage the rapid development of an industry that can check and balance enterprises’ use of user data, thus forming a long-term and sustained market-oriented supervision.

　　As a legal scholar, Zhu Wei recognized the above viewpoints put forward by Pei Zhiyong. "You can’t be an athlete and a referee alone, neither can the government nor the enterprise." He believes that the upcoming personal information protection law needs to make a bottom line, so that the protection of personal information can truly return to the individual rights itself. On this basis, through mutual competition and checks and balances between enterprises, more and more feasible methods can be found. (Reporter Wang Lin Intern Sun Ji)

In the "fruit world", grapefruit is a member who integrates face value, aroma and delicacy, and it definitely deserves a name.

However, not everyone can enjoy the delicious and beautiful grapefruit at any time. Maybe, it will sneak attack.

# The man’s muscles dissolved after eating grapefruit for seven days # Once boarded the hot search, and it was grapefruit that caused the man’s muscles to dissolve.

▲ Image source: Sina Weibo

However, this incident is not a "single crime" of grapefruit, but its "accomplice" is a drug called atorvastatin. Medicine is still a good medicine, grapefruit is still a good grapefruit, but after forced pairing, it becomes an invisible "killer" who hurts people.

Innocent, you must want to know:

Behind the scenes:

Furan coumarins

Then, why is this proud and wonderful fruit so angry?

"Behind the scenes" is a kind of component called furan coumarin.

Most drugs are metabolized mainly through the liver, because there is an enzyme in liver cells, which can promote the transformation of many drugs and thus promote the excretion of drugs from the body.

Many drugs will be metabolized by some enzymes in the intestine and liver when they enter the body, which is also called the first-pass effect.

However, this kind of coumarin in grapefruit can just inhibit the activity of drug enzymes in the intestine and liver of human body, thus increasing the absorption of drugs, slowing down or preventing the metabolism of drugs, and increasing the dosage of drugs in disguise.

There is a saying that drinking a glass of grapefruit juice while taking one tablet is sometimes equivalent to taking 20 tablets of this medicine.

In this way, a large number of pharmaceutical ingredients accumulate in the body, causing excessive efficacy, which will aggravate adverse reactions and even cause poisoning.

However, grapefruit, honey pomelo and sweet orange belong to citrus fruits with similar taste. Do other citrus fruits also have such "lethality"?

It depends on the content of furan coumarins in fruits.

Studies have determined that the content of furanocoumarin in the juice of many citrus fruits is the highest in grapefruit, Seville orange and Israeli green grapefruit, while the content in red pomelo, honey pomelo and golden pomelo is lower.

Stay away from grapefruit during medication.

Grapefruit is mainly easy to "attack" the human body in combination with the following drugs:

1, grapefruit+antihypertensive drugs = low blood pressure out of the lower limit.

Such drugs as nifedipine and verapamil. Grapefruit can increase the blood concentration of antihypertensive drugs, which is equivalent to invisibly increasing the dosage, so that the antihypertensive function of antihypertensive drugs is exerted too violently, so that the blood pressure drops again, which can cause dizziness, palpitation, fatigue, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction or stroke in severe cases.

2, grapefruit+lipid-lowering drugs = damage to the liver and muscles.

When taking statins, such as simvastatin, atorvastatin, lovastatin and other lipid-lowering drugs, stay away from grapefruit and grapefruit juice to avoid drug accumulation in the body and increase the risk of adverse reactions such as liver injury, muscle pain and rhabdomyolysis.

This "bad package" may also cause acute renal failure. Rosuvastatin, pravastatin, pitavastatin and fluvastatin were not affected by grapefruit.

3, grapefruit+antiallergic drugs = more prone to dizziness

If grapefruit is ingested during taking Terfenadine, Cismin and other antiallergic drugs, it may cause dizziness, palpitation, arrhythmia and other symptoms.

4, grapefruit+sleeping pills = make the side effects bigger.

Grapefruit can delay the metabolism of diazepam, midazolam and other sedative sleeping pills, and prolong the action time of the drugs, which will aggravate the symptoms of dizziness and drowsiness of the users.

Many patients may have dizziness and other symptoms the next day after taking the medicine, so drivers and people working at high altitude must pay special attention.

5, grapefruit+anti-anxiety/sedative = dizziness and lethargy

Some anti-anxiety drugs, such as diazepam and midazolam, can’t be taken with grapefruit, so as not to prolong the action time of the drugs, which will cause dizziness and drowsiness.

6, grapefruit+anti-rejection drugs = induced tumor

If cyclosporine and other anti-rejection drugs are taken together with grapefruit, it can lead to the increase of blood drug concentration, increase adverse reactions, increase liver and kidney toxicity, and even lead to the risk of tumor.

7, grapefruit+birth control pills = invalid

Although grapefruit can enhance the efficacy or toxicity of many drugs, it can reduce the activity of female contraceptives taken at the same time, which leads to contraceptive failure, because grapefruit can reduce the absorption of contraceptives.

Although the above influence has a great relationship with the consumption of grapefruit and grapefruit juice, everyone has different sensitivity to grapefruit. For the sake of life and health, in short, the safest way is:

No matter what medicine you are taking, cherish your life, stay away from grapefruit, and don’t even drink grapefruit juice!

However, the drama of "love each other and kill each other" between drugs and food is far more full of twists and turns than we thought. The following contraindications for drug use should be collected quickly! It is not too late to know!

▲ Image source: @ People’s Daily

Audit expert

sun jianguo

Doctor, researcher, doctoral supervisor of China Pharmaceutical University, majoring in pharmacokinetics.

He has been a visiting scholar in the School of Pharmacy of the University of Otago in New Zealand and the School of Pharmacy of the University of Washington in the United States, and was trained by the third echelon of the "333 High-level Talents Training Project" in Jiangsu Province. He has won a second prize of national scientific and technological progress and four first prizes of provincial scientific and technological progress.

He is a reviewer of clinical pharmaceutics, Xenobiotica, Pharmaceutical Progress and other magazines. He has presided over and completed four natural science foundations of Jiangsu Province, two national natural science foundations and one national key research and development plan, presided over and participated in several sub-projects of major national scientific research projects. In recent years, he has published more than 20 papers (including 15 SCI papers) by the first author or correspondent, and granted 3 patents.

Cooperate with enterprises to obtain 5 clinical approvals of new drugs, and be responsible for completing pharmacokinetic studies to support enterprises to obtain multiple certificates of new drugs.

-Produced by the editorial department of "I wish you health" of Jiangsu Phoenix Science and Technology Publishing House-

Chief planner: Wang Yao and Dong Ling

Original title: "Never eat this fruit during taking medicine! Not only will it lose its efficacy, but it will be fatal in serious cases! 》

Read the original text

　 　 　 　 On June 19, the website of the Supervision Department of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection announced the news of the fall of two provincial and ministerial officials in Shanxi almost at the same time.

　　　　　　　　Surprisingly, Du Shanxue, the former member of the Standing Committee of Shanxi Provincial Committee and vice governor, was robbed of all the limelight by the then vice chairman of Shanxi Provincial Political Consultative Conference, and almost no one paid attention to this native Shanxi leader.

　　　　　　　　Du Shanxue, 58, is from Linyi County, Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province. He has been an official for more than 30 years, and at every stage, he has been promoted step by step by grasping the policy direction and keeping the pulse of the times, and gradually got the evaluation of "smart people".

　　　　　　　　In the process of promotion, he used "article road" to clear the way, "image card" as a foothold, and "Zhouyi Gua" as an escort, and then acted step by step.

　　　　　　　　Until the fall of the horse, Du Shanxue was still diligent in writing political articles and making intensive public appearances. It was noticed that the tail end of his unique broom eyebrow had turned white.

　　　　　　　　After the fall of the horse, many people familiar with him reflected on his ups and downs. Du Shanxue calculated the beginning and process, but he didn’t guess his own result.

Win favor with an article

　　　　　　　　Du Shanxue’s official career began with an article.

　　　　　　　　In the late 1970s and early 1980s, at the beginning of reform and opening up, all walks of life in China were in urgent need of talents. In the spring of 1982, Du Shanxue, who graduated from the Accounting Department of Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, joined the Shanxi Provincial Finance and Trade Committee as the first batch of graduates after resuming the college entrance examination.

　　　　　　　　"’Xiao Du’ is very clever and has a good business." A colleague of Du Shanxue recalled that the young man from Yuncheng wore a pair of glasses, and he was always smiling and good at talking. He read books and newspapers when he had nothing to do.

　　　　　　　　Du Shanxue, then 26, was also trying to show his "good business".

　　　　　　　　In September, 1982, the Twelfth National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held, which put forward the financial concept of "a game of chess in the whole country", and suggested that the proportion of central and local fiscal revenues and the proportion of corporate profits should be appropriately adjusted according to the actual situation of industries in different regions. Based on the situation in Shanxi Province, Du Shanxue wrote the article "Discussion on Management of Extra-budgetary Funds" and published it in the first journal of Shanxi University of Finance and Economics in 1983.

　　　　　　　　Three months after the article was published, Du Shanxue was transferred to the third office of the General Office of Shanxi Provincial People’s Government. A veteran cadre who has been immersed in Shanxi officialdom for many years recalled that at that time, young people who could write and do things were very popular. Du Shanxue, who worked in the provincial government, is still popular because of his "agility".

　　　　　　　　Since then, the habit of "writing articles" has run through Du Shanxue’s entire political career.

　　　　　　　　According to the statistics of public information, Du Shanxue served as the deputy director of Shanxi Provincial Department of Finance for 10 years, and published more than 10 articles in 7 periodicals such as Shanxi Finance and Economics, Finance and Market, and led a team to study the topic of "Enlightenment of Shanxi Banks on Modern Financial Risk Prevention".

　　　　　　　　Since then, Du Shanxue has published three works in five years in Changzhi municipal government, seven works in three years in Changzhi city, three works in one year in Lvliang Municipal Committee, and six works in three years after becoming a member of the Standing Committee of Shanxi Provincial Committee.

　　　　　　　　"His articles always follow the political trend." A Shanxi official who knows him well said that from the 12th National Congress to the 18th National Congress, it has been a compulsory course for Du Shanxue to find the "wind direction" from policies and documents for more than 30 years.

　　　　　　　　Du Shanxue’s "topical articles on current politics" will lead the implementation time of specific policies from time to time, and most of his administrative methods are in line with the political mainstream.

　　　　　　　　In 2000, when financial departments all over the country took the implementation of government procurement system as a way to deepen the reform of fiscal expenditure management, Du Shanxue’s article "Government Procurement and Building a Clean Government" had been published for more than a year.

　　　　　　　　After "Scientific Outlook on Development" was put forward, Du Shanxue also promoted "green development" in Changzhi, trying to make Changzhi a rare city with fine features in Shanxi, a big coal province.

Smell the wind to plant trees.

　　　　　　　　According to a person familiar with Shanxi officialdom, Shanxi is a big province with coal resources, and there are few cities with "fine features". We have worked hard on the image of the city and achieved quick results in political achievements.

　　　　　　　　After Du Shanxue was in charge of Changzhi, he gradually explored this "road of political achievements". This has also become the focus of his administration during his administration of Changzhi and Lvliang.

　　　　　　　　In February 2003, Du Shanxue came to Changzhi, served as deputy secretary of the municipal party committee, and became mayor of Changzhi a month later.

　　　　　　　　At the beginning of 2003, Changzhi just sent away Lv Rizhou, a former party secretary with personal heroism. During Lv Rizhou’s three years in Changzhi, he created a unique way of governance, such as the Changzhi Daily criticized officials by name, the government did not set up a fence, and rode to the countryside. For a time, Changzhi and Lv Rizhou became an inseparable whole.

　　　　　　　　Du Shanxue, who first arrived in Changzhi, was looking for a breakthrough for himself in the post-Lv Rizhou era.

　　　　　　　　Yang Lin (not his real name), an official of Changzhi City, said that in Shanxi, Changzhi did not have the advantage of playing the economic card and eating energy meals, and Du Shanxue also made such an attempt.

　　　　　　　　Yang Lin said that Du Shanxue didn’t smoke or drink at that time, and he was preoccupied with political achievements. After the Third Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee, "Scientific Outlook on Development" came into public view. Therefore, in October 2004, Du Shanxue’s book Promoting the All-round Development of Government Work with Scientific Outlook on Development was published.

　　　　　　　　Yang Lin said that at that time, Du Shanxue only grasped the key policy points and put forward the slogan of "Green Changzhi", which was after 2005.

　　　　　　　　In 2005, Du Shanxue’s article "Harmony and Development of Building a Charming City with Strength" was published. In the article, based on the national strategic background of "the rise of central China" and the development direction of "circular economy", he proposed to inject "circular economy" into industrial development, and made predictions for the development of Changzhi according to the plans of Bohai Economic Belt, Longhai Economic Belt and the Central Plains Economic Development Circle that was not yet formed at that time.

　　　　　　　　Du Shanxue’s political sense of smell was praised again. Since then, the slogan of "Green Changzhi" has made Changzhi begin to attract attention.

　　　　　　　　"Look at so many trees in Changzhi, all of which were transplanted by Lao Du at that time." Yang Lin said that in 2006, the Changzhi Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government issued the document "Building a First-class Forestry Ecological City in the Province". By the end of 2008, "100,000 Trees" began to enter the city vigorously.

　　　　　　　　Shanxi Evening News once reported that Changzhi invested 50 million yuan to transplant 100,000 trees into the urban area. The main tree species were Sophora japonica, willow and fatong, and their DBH was above 10 cm.

　　　　　　　　Many Changzhi citizens recalled that there were suddenly many trees in Changzhi, which made it inconvenient for them to drive. For example, because there were many trees, it was inconvenient for cars to enter and exit. Finally, these trees that occupied the place were removed.

　　　　　　　　Du Shanxue wrote a special article in 2010 to summarize the Changzhi greening project represented by "trees entering the city".

　　　　　　　　In the article, he wrote that since 2006, the Changzhi Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government has raised 1.87 billion yuan for greening, mainly from government investment and environmental restoration and governance deposits of coal enterprises. Among them, the financial investment at the city and county levels is 1.66 billion yuan.

　　　　　　　　These investments have brought Changzhi the titles of national garden city and national forest city.

Based on "image card"

　　　　　　　　Du Shanxue, who was encouraged by the "image card", continued to maintain and expand this style, just as he got the opportunity from "making a fuss".

　　　　　　　　In June 2008, the whole country was preparing for the Olympic security, and Changzhi was no exception.

　　　　　　　　On the morning of June 5th of that year, Du Shanxue, then secretary of Changzhi Municipal Party Committee, stood on an open-top military vehicle with his feet, and slowly passed by the main road in front of Bayi Square in Changzhi City, inspecting the police and armed police teams standing on the side of the street. In his own way, he recorded the "Changzhi-style Olympic security drill".

　　　　　　　　Deng Xin (not his real name), a politician from Changzhi, who is close to Du Shanxue, said that on June 5, 2008, in order to match the national Olympic spirit, Changzhi held an Olympic security swearing-in meeting. The leaders of the municipal party committee and the municipal public security system conducted a comprehensive review of the police, fire fighting and armed police teams in Changzhi, and each team also performed their skills in anti-terrorism, riot prevention, fire fighting and traffic command.

　 　 　 　 Now, on the website of Changzhi municipal government, you can also find graphic records about this "swearing-in meeting". In the published picture, the military vehicle where Du Shanxue stood was labeled as "Reading Police Car". After the vehicle where he was standing, Bo Li, then director of Changzhi Public Security Bureau, stood in the reading police car and accompanied him with a military salute.

　　　　　　　　Later, Deng Xin looked up the information about the Olympic security drills conducted all over the country on the eve of the 2008 Olympic Games. At that time, the "Olympic security drills" held in Chongqing, Jinan, Shenyang and other places were all conducted in a relatively closed space, such as anti-terrorism and security drills. Unlike Changzhi City, the city leaders were not allowed to inspect dozens of square teams.

　　　　　　　　"Lao Du has a good face and likes to use’ form’ to express his work." Deng Xin said that Changzhi and Lvliang’s "Sweeping the City Movement" can best reflect his characteristics.

　　　　　　　　In order to enhance the image of the city, the doorways of street shops in Changzhi City should be changed into "white boxes with red (blue, yellow) background and white characters", and government units should divide regional contracting tasks and be responsible for the doorways replacement of merchants in their respective regions. Merchants only need to pay the money to the responsible person designated by the government, and the price ranges from 4000 to 7000 yuan.

　　　　　　　　Merchants specializing in this kind of billboards in Changzhi said that the billboards that the government requested to be replaced have a frame and a bottom, which belongs to the high cost of advertising doorplates. It would be more economical to find a doorplate vendor for this kind of billboards. The merchant said that the merchant who changed the house number at that time was not local to Changzhi.

　　　　　　　　Changzhi City, which pays attention to image, was rated as "National Civilized City" in 2011. It was also in this year that Du Shanxue was transferred to the post of Secretary of the Municipal Party Committee of Lvliang.

　　　　　　　　"My previous leaders of the municipal party committee have developed the economy very well, so my job is to improve the living environment for the people of Lvliang." This is what Du Shanxue said to the media when Lvliang took office.

　　　　　　　　Finding his feeling from the "image card", he launched a massive "three rectification" campaign in Lvliang, namely, environmental sanitation, street decoration and traffic order.

　　　　　　　　"Being neat and beautiful is the requirement of’ Lao Du’." A citizen of Lvliang said that at that time, doors were being torn down, plaques were being changed and walls were being painted everywhere in Lvliang Avenue.

　　　　　　　　This citizen has witnessed the discoloration of a wall several times: at first, it was painted white, then it turned gray, then it was pink, then it was ugly and changed to white, and finally it was painted gray.

　　　　　　　　An insider close to the Lvliang Municipal Government said that the "three rectifications" also emphasized accountability and publicity.

　　　　　　　　At that time, the main leaders of the urban areas and counties in Lvliang signed a written pledge to fulfill a military order, and all units took the lead in the environmental remediation activities in the contracted areas. Due to the ineffective actions of the "three remediation", Lvliang City also punished many county-level cadres, and Du Shanxue was called the "sweeping iron hand" secretary locally.

　　　　　　　　In July, 2011, Lvliang also held a live observation meeting on "Three Remedies" in Shanxi Province, inviting the media to visit.

　　　　　　　　According to a media person who participated in the report at that time, Du Shanxue attached great importance to the media propaganda of "three rectifications" in Lvliang. When having dinner with reporters, he specially got up and toasted one by one, encouraging reporters to "write Lvliang skillfully".

　　　　　　　　However, in view of the "three rectifications" activities in Lvliang, some people in the legal profession have publicly questioned in the "Democracy and Legal Times" that in the process of "three rectifications", the rule of man is greater than the rule of law, which is inconsistent with the Administrative Law and the Property Law. Therefore, the legal profession believes that Du Shanxue is too eager for quick success and instant benefit.

An uncertain ending

　　　　　　　　Ten months later, Du Shanxue, who "swept" a city, became a member of the Standing Committee of Shanxi Provincial Committee in the midst of controversy, and three months later, Du Shanxue became the Secretary General of Shanxi Provincial Committee.

　　　　　　　　Du Shanxue, who walked through the "article road" and played the "image card", finally ushered in the peak of his career.

　　　　　　　　During this period, a person who once worked with Du Shanxue said that Du Shanxue, a member of the Standing Committee of the Provincial Party Committee and Secretary-General, was not as good-tempered as he used to be in Changzhi and Lvliang, and often openly criticized his subordinates, leaving many jobs in a passive situation. "He was restless every day and believed in Zhouyi."

　　　　　　　　The Paper learned that Du Shanxue was interested in Zhouyi as early as during his administration of Changzhi. According to an insider, Du Shanxue pays special attention to "how to walk" besides paying attention to the placement of tables and chairs and the orientation of flowers and plants.

　　　　　　　　The insider said that Du Shanxue believed in a "master" from Henan, and he would ask the master to help him figure out the driving route. Sometimes he felt unlucky on the conventional walking route, so he would take a divination or ask the "master" which way to take.

　　　　　　　　A Changzhi official who had followed Du Shanxue to the countryside for investigation revealed to The Paper that Du Shanxue sometimes changed its route and it was very puzzling.

　　　　　　　　At 6 o’clock in the morning of November 14th, 2005, on the Fen (Yang)-Tun (Liu) Highway in Guodao Town, Qinyuan County, Changzhi City, many teachers and students of a class in Qinyuan No.2 Middle School were crushed to death by a large truck that came at a gallop during morning exercise.

　　　　　　　　At that time, Du Shanxue, the mayor of Changzhi, went to inspect the situation. "They started from Changzhi at 8: 00 a.m. and drove to the scene of the accident for one hour at most, but the motorcade led by Du Shanxue made a detour and went to a nearby village for investigation, and arrived at the scene of the accident near 11: 00 noon."

　　　　　　　　The Changzhi official recalled, "At that time, everyone thought that it was estimated that the mayor was afraid that the scene was too miserable to watch."

　　　　　　　　"Du Shanxue has always been cautious. Over the years, he has indeed formed his own politics." Another person close to the Shanxi provincial government said that with the extension of his official term, Du Shanxue could no longer find a sense of security by "analyzing policies" in his early years, and he had to rely on the culture and experience he believed in.

　　　　　　　　The culture that Du Shanxue believes in is Zhouyi, and the accumulated experience over the years is "making achievements and showing more".

　　　　　　　　Du Shanxue, who returned to work as a member of the Standing Committee of Shanxi Provincial Party Committee, still kept writing. In less than two years, he wrote six articles, covering issues such as "maintaining the purity of the party" and "doing a good job in letters and visits".

　　　　　　　　In February 2014, under the background of "practical education of the Party’s mass line", Du Shanxue published the article "Make good use of the bottom line thinking" to discuss how to serve the people pragmatically and honestly.

　　　　　　　　Thirty-one years ago in the spring, Du Shanxue was transferred to the general office of the provincial government three months after he published the article "Discussion on Budget Funds Outside Management".

　　　　　　　　Thirty-one years later, it was still spring. As a member of the Standing Committee of Shanxi Provincial Party Committee and deputy governor, three months after he published this article "Make Good Use of Bottom Line Thinking", the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection announced the news of his fall.

　　　　　　　　This time, he has been working hard in the officialdom for more than 30 years, and his sense of smell is still sensitive, but his accuracy is reduced.

　　　　　　　　The above-mentioned people close to the Shanxi provincial government said that at one time, when Du Shanxue met people outside the officialdom, he strictly demanded one-on-one, and some people noticed in public reports that his broom-shaped eyebrows began to turn white.

　　　　　　　　After Du Shanxue was taken away, some retired veteran cadres who were familiar with him said, "This smart man, after 30 years, is not bad in the front and middle, but he has no pulse of’ anti-corruption’."

　　　　　　　　

　　According to the needs of the work, in accordance with the Regulations on Personnel Management of Public Institutions, Interim Provisions on Open Recruitment of Public Institutions, Notice on Further Regulating Open Recruitment of Public Institutions and other relevant regulations, the part of the Central Network Information Office will openly recruit 12 staff members for fresh college graduates nationwide in Beijing in 2020. The relevant matters are hereby announced as follows:

　　I. Recruitment positions

　　(a) network security emergency command center 8.

　　There are 1-4 emergency posts for network content management, 2-2 emergency posts for network content management and 2 emergency posts for network operation technology.

　　(2) China Cyberspace Research Institute 2.

　　Network security and informatization strategy research post 1, comprehensive management post 1.

　　(3) 2 training centers.

　　1 training management post and 1 comprehensive management post.

　　Second, the registration conditions

　　1. Have People’s Republic of China (PRC) nationality.

　　2. party member, the Communist Party of China, has a firm political stance, supports the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership and the socialist system, and maintains a high degree of consistency with the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core in ideological and political actions.

　　3. Support and abide by the Constitution, laws and regulations of People’s Republic of China (PRC), and have good moral conduct.

　　4. The national colleges and universities unified recruitment and classification of fresh graduates (excluding commissioned training and orientation) should generally obtain academic degrees in the required majors before the end of July 2020. The professional reference catalogue is the Catalogue of Undergraduate Majors in Ordinary Colleges and Universities of the Ministry of Education, the Catalogue of Subjects and Professions for Granting Doctoral and Master’s Degrees and Training Postgraduates, and other professional catalogues recognized by the Ministry of Education.

　　5. The age is generally, the undergraduate degree is not more than 24 years old, that is, born in December 1994 or later; Master students are not more than 27 years old, that is, born in December 1991 or later; Doctoral students are not over 35 years old, that is, they were born in December 1983 or later.

　　6. Have the physical conditions and psychological quality to perform their duties normally.

　　7. Other conditions that meet the requirements of laws and regulations, as well as other specific conditions for applying for positions (for details, please refer to the Information Form of Open Recruitment Positions of Some Institutions in Beijing in 2020 under the Central Network Information Office).

　　Persons under any of the following circumstances are not allowed to apply: those who have been criminally punished for crimes; Having been expelled from the Party; Having been expelled from public office; It has been listed as the object of joint punishment for dishonesty according to law; During the period of punishment or under the influence period; Having been found to have serious violations of discipline such as fraud in the examination of civil servants at all levels and the recruitment of public institutions; Other circumstances in which it is not allowed to be employed as a staff member of a public institution as stipulated by laws and regulations. In addition, applicants are not allowed to apply for positions that constitute avoidance relationship after employment.

　　Iii. Work links and time arrangement

　　Open recruitment includes online registration, preliminary qualification examination, written examination, qualification review, interview, physical examination, inspection, publicity and employment.

　　(1) Online registration (from late December 2019 to early January 2020)

　　17: 00 on December 20, 2019 — At 12: 00 on January 6, 2020, the candidates registered on China Netcom (www.cac.gov.cn), and each candidate was limited to one post.

　　(2) Preliminary qualification examination (from late December 2019 to early January 2020)

　　Conduct online qualification preliminary examination for the applicants and determine the participants in the written test. The ratio of written examination is 5:1. If the number of applicants does not reach the proportion of written examination, it will be adjusted as appropriate; If the proportion of written examination is still not reached after adjustment, the post shall be cancelled or the number of posts shall be reduced as appropriate. After the registration, the results of preliminary qualification examination and written notice will be issued in China Netcom. Those who take the written test can log on to China. com to download and print the admission ticket (those who enter the interview will continue to use this card).

　　Applicants must fill in their personal information truthfully. Anyone who practices fraud will be disqualified once verified.

　　(3) Written examination (mid-January 2020)

　　It mainly tests the basic quality of candidates and their ability to analyze and solve practical problems by using relevant theories, knowledge and methods. The written test results will be published in China Netcom within 10 working days after the written test.

　　(4) Qualification review (early February 2020)

　　According to the written test scores from high to low, the interviewees are determined according to the ratio of 4:1 (all those with the same scores are included, the same below), and the qualifications of the interviewees are reviewed. According to the notification requirements published by China Netcom, the interviewee will go to the designated place for qualification review with relevant certificate materials. In case of failure or failure to participate in qualification re-examination, the interview candidates will be filled in order from high to low according to the written test scores of the post. Those who pass the qualification review will enter the interview.

　　(5) Interview (early February 2020)

　　It mainly tests the comprehensive quality, professional quality and the matching degree with the recruitment position of the candidates. At the same time, psychological tests are organized, which are used as employment reference and are not included in the comprehensive test scores.

　　The comprehensive score of the exam is calculated according to the written test and interview scores, each accounting for 50%. Within 10 working days after the interview, the comprehensive test scores, physical examination and other matters will be announced on China Netcom.

　　(6) Physical examination (mid-February 2020)

　　For each post, the medical examination candidates are determined according to the ratio of 1:1 according to the comprehensive test scores from high to low. Arrange medical examination candidates to go to designated hospitals for medical examination. In the case of failing or giving up the medical examination, it will be replenished in order from high to low according to the comprehensive scores of the examination.

　　(7) Investigation (in the middle and late February 2020)

　　Those who pass the physical examination are listed as candidates for investigation and go to the school where the candidates are located for investigation. In case of failure or abandonment of the inspection, the candidates for physical examination and inspection shall be replenished in turn according to the comprehensive test scores from high to low, and the candidates shall be replenished no more than twice.

　　(eight) publicity (mid-March 2020)

　　Those who pass the inspection are determined to be candidates, and they will be publicized on the open recruitment service platform of China Netcom, institutions affiliated to the central and state organs for 7 working days.

　　(9) Employment (early July 2020)

　　If there is no objection after publicity, an employment contract shall be signed. Those who pass the examination after the probation period are formally employed; Unqualified, cancel the employment.

　　Fourth, the disciplinary requirements

　　Open recruitment is carried out in strict accordance with the prescribed requirements and procedures, adhering to the principles of openness, fairness and impartiality, setting up recruitment policies, online application technical consultation telephones, and accepting the consultation of applicants. Staff should strictly abide by the discipline of cadres and personnel, especially strictly implement the confidentiality system and avoidance system. If there is any violation, it will be dealt with severely in accordance with relevant regulations. Applicants should consciously abide by the relevant regulations, and must not resort to deceit or engage in unorganized activities. Once found, they will be dealt with severely in accordance with the relevant regulations.

　　In order to strengthen the supervision of this open recruitment, the Disciplinary Committee of the Central Network Information Office will implement the whole process of supervision, and set up a supervision and reporting telephone number to accept supervision and reporting.

　　This announcement is interpreted by the cadre bureau of the Central Network Information Office.

　　Recruitment policy consultation telephone: 010-55635938

　　Online application technical consultation telephone: 010-68771328

　　Supervisory reporting telephone number: 010-55635942

　

　　Central network information office cadre bureau

　　December 20, 2019

Biden has another big move!

On Thursday (August 15th) local time, Biden’s government announced that it had reached a "historic" agreement with pharmaceutical companies. According to the data released by the White House, the price reduction of the first 10 drugs included in the negotiations ranged from 38% to 79%. On the same day, US President Biden and Vice President Harris held their first joint activity since Biden withdrew from the 2024 election. Biden said at the event: "We finally beat the big pharmaceutical companies."

At the same time, another news related to Biden also attracted attention. According to a number of US media reports, a few days ago, hundreds of lawyers from all over the world jointly sent a letter to US President Biden, calling on the United States to stop using unilateral economic sanctions, saying that this tool is equivalent to collective punishment of civilians and violates international law.

In the joint letter, lawyers, legal organizations and scholars condemned the United States’ increasing reliance on sanctions to punish and intimidate its opponents, and said that these measures may lead to economic instability, hunger and the reduction of basic commodities such as medicines. The letter pointed out: "At present, hundreds of millions of people live under the extensive economic sanctions imposed by the United States in some form."

Biden’s government announced heavily

On Thursday (August 15th) local time, Biden’s government announced that it had reached a "historic" agreement with pharmaceutical companies, and the negotiated new drug price could save Medicare a net of about $6 billion by 2026. In addition, the new drug price will save the insured $1.5 billion in out-of-pocket expenses.

According to the data released by the White House, the price reduction of the first 10 drugs included in the negotiations ranged from 38% to 79%. Among them, the biggest drop was Merck’s hypoglycemic drug Januvia, whose price dropped from $527 to $113 in 30 days, while Novo Nordisk’s insulin injection pen Novo Horizo, whose monthly medication cost also dropped from $495 to $119.

According to media reports, this is part of a plan that Biden praised on Thursday, aimed at easing anger over high prices before the November election. The Inflation Reduction Act signed by Biden was signed into law in 2022, which was the first bill to allow medical insurance to negotiate the price of some of the most expensive drugs covering 66 million people in the plan.

On Thursday, US President Biden and Vice President Harris held their first joint activity since Biden withdrew from the 2024 election, and supported her to replace him on the Democratic ballot.

"We know that this is not only about health care, but also about your dignity," Biden said of the policy. "This is about inner peace. This is related to security. This is about taking care of your family. This is to give people more breathing space. " Biden said that they "just started" and that he and Harris "will continue to fight against big pharmaceutical companies". He said: "I played too hard. I can’t give in now. We won’t back down. “

Reuters said that although this was an official event, Biden turned his speech in the gymnasium into a de facto campaign rally, calling Harris a "hellish president" and criticizing Republicans for not supporting the right of medical insurance to negotiate drug pricing.

The Republican House leadership, including House Speaker Mike Johnson, described this power as "price manipulation" in a statement. Their prescription drug price manipulation plan only accomplished two things: pushing up the cost of health care and smashing American medical innovation.

Hundreds of lawyers signed a letter to Biden.

A few days ago, Bloomberg, CommonDreams and other media reported that dozens of legal organizations from all over the world, as well as more than 200 lawyers and scholars jointly sent a letter to US President Biden, urging the US government to end unilateral economic sanctions, saying that such sanctions constitute a collective punishment for civilians and are illegal under international law.

The signatories of this letter include human rights lawyers, American National Bar Association, European Lawyers Association for Democracy and World Human Rights, and law professors. The signer said in the letter: "Collective punishment is the standard practice of American foreign policy today, which takes the form of extensive unilateral economic and financial sanctions." So far, the United States has imposed more unilateral economic sanctions than any other country in the world. They pointed out that although the use of sanctions is different from conventional warfare, its collective impact on civilians may be equally indiscriminate, punitive and fatal.

The letter pointed out: "At present, hundreds of millions of people live under the extensive economic sanctions imposed by the United States in some form, including ordinary people in countries such as Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Syria and Venezuela. These measures may cause serious and extensive harm to civilians. Extensive economic sanctions may trigger and prolong the economic crisis, hinder access to basic commodities such as food, fuel and medicine, and increase poverty, hunger, disease and even mortality, especially for children. This situation in turn tends to promote large-scale immigration. "

According to the letter, the United States has imposed a severe economic embargo on Cuba for more than 60 years, which has adversely affected all economic sectors of the country and seriously restricted Cubans’ access to basic necessities such as food, fuel and medicine. In the past 32 years, United Nations Member States have overwhelmingly opposed the United States embargo against Cuba. Last year’s vote was 187-2, and only the United States and Israel were against it.

It is understood that after the victory of the Cuban revolution in 1959, the US government announced the breaking of diplomatic relations with Cuba in 1961 and began to impose a comprehensive embargo on Cuba in 1962. Since 1992, the United Nations General Assembly has passed resolutions with overwhelming votes for dozens of consecutive times, demanding that the United States end its economic and financial blockade and trade embargo against Cuba. Bruno Rodriguez Parrilla, Cuba’s foreign minister, once criticized the decades-long American trade embargo against Cuba as "endless" like a hurricane, which brought huge economic losses and humanitarian disasters to Cuba. The Cuban Ministry of Foreign Affairs also said that the United States has exerted extreme pressure on Cuba in recent years and strengthened its economic and financial blockade and trade embargo against Cuba, which is the root cause of the recent sharp increase in illegal immigration of Cubans to the United States; If the United States wants to stop the tide of illegal immigration, it must cancel the economic blockade that "makes life difficult for Cubans".

The signer said that according to the resolutions of the UN General Assembly and the UN Human Rights Council, unilateral sanctions are suspected of violating the UN Charter. They also cited the Fourth Geneva Convention, which held that collective punishment constituted a war crime. The signatory added: "As a member of the legal profession, we call on the United States to abide by the existing international law and stop using extensive unilateral coercive measures. Seventy-five years after the signing of the Geneva Conventions, collective punishment must end. "

American sanctions and the Middle East crisis

It is worth noting that the current Middle East crisis is also related to the US sanctions against Iran.

On November 7, last year, the White House issued a statement extending the national emergency against Iran in an executive order signed by the United States on November 14, 1979 for one year until November 14, 2024. This also means that the economic sanctions imposed by the United States on Iran continue to be extended.

On June 27th this year, the State Council issued a statement announcing sanctions against entities and ships involved in Iranian oil and petrochemical trade. Not only that, but the United States and the West are also looking for excuses to increase sanctions against Iran.

After the overall escalation of the Ukrainian crisis, the United States and Europe accused Iran of providing drones and missiles to Russia; The EU believes that there is Iranian support behind the Yemeni Houthi armed forces in the Red Sea region. According to this, the Council of the European Union announced in May this year to expand the scope of sanctions against Iran, involving drones and missiles.

According to public information, Iran is the second largest natural gas reserve country and the third largest oil reserve country in the world. However, after decades of sanctions, Iran’s economy and society have been completely hit. According to data released by the World Bank, nearly 10 million Iranians fell into poverty in the first decade of the 21st century. The loss of oil revenue has led to the continuous growth of Iranian government debt and state-owned enterprise debt. In addition, the United States and the West imposed a technical blockade on Iran through sanctions. United Nations human rights experts have issued a statement saying that US sanctions forced the Iranian people to extend the use of old vehicles with low fuel efficiency, while the United States also prevented other countries from providing air pollution control technology to Iran, which endangered the health of the Iranian people.

Recently, the situation in the Middle East has become tense again. On August 12th, local time, senior US officials said that Iran would launch a "major" attack on Israel "or within this week". On the same day, Iranian President Massoud Pezehiqiyan said in a telephone conversation with German Chancellor Angela Scholz that Iran believes that it has the right to respond to "aggressors" according to international rules. Petrezhiqiyan said that the Israeli government’s continued "genocide" in Gaza and "terrorist acts" in other countries violated international law and posed a serious challenge to regional security and global peace in West Asia.

Proofreading: Zhu Tianting