分类： 上海品茶工作室

　　[Information] On October 18th, the launch ceremony of three models was held in Lhasa, Tibet. Among them,The price range of lifan 330 is 39,800-44,800 yuan, that of lifan 530 is 51,800-69,800 yuan, and that of Lifan 630 is 54,900-65,900 yuan.. The specific price is shown in the table below:

● lifan 330

　　Lifan 330 is positioned in that the car can be said to be an upgraded version of the 320. Compared with the previous one, the appearance of lifan 330 has adopted many new designs. The headlights have been changed to round, and the two-color rearview mirror and U-shaped front grille create a more stereoscopic visual effect. The front bumper is also equipped. Compared with lifan 320, the rear of the new car has not changed much, only the design of the rear bumper has been adjusted.

　　Lifan 330’s interior has also been redesigned. The design of the center console is more like Mickey Mouse’s head. In addition, the new car has adopted a new style of three-spoke steering wheel. In terms of power, lifan 330 will be equipped with a maximum of 91 horsepower of 1.3L, and the engine will be matched with 5 speeds.

● lifan 530

　　Lifan 530 is positioned as, yes, an upgraded model. In terms of appearance, the shield-shaped air intake grille design of the new car makes it look rougher, the front bumper line is tough, and the overall visual effect is good. In terms of body size, lifan 530’s has reached 2550mm, which is 10mm more than the lifan 520 models on sale.

　　In terms of power system, the new car will be equipped with 1.3L and 1.5L engines, with maximum power output of 94 HP and 103 HP respectively. In terms of transmission system, the engine is matched with a 5-speed manual or CVT gearbox.

● Lifan 630

　　Lifan 630 is an upgraded version, which is also positioned as a compact car, but its positioning is higher than that of lifan 530. The new car has also changed obviously, especially in the front face. The new car adopts the "X" front grille, which is more sporty and has the latest family-like feeling. The headlight angle rises, and the layering is distinct. In terms of interiors, the new car has also been adjusted in the shape of the dashboard and the center console.

　　In terms of power, Lifan 630 is equipped with two 1.5-liter naturally aspirated engines. The maximum output power of the 1.5L engine code-named LF479Q2 is 94 HP with a peak value of 128 Nm, while the maximum output power of the 1.5L VVT engine code-named LF479Q2-B is 103 HP with a peak torque of 133 Nm. In terms of transmission system, the two engines are matched with a 5-speed manual gearbox.

● New car background

　　Lifan 320, 520 and 620 models have been on the market for many years. Facing the increasingly fierce competition, it is imperative to bring forth the old and bring forth the new in order to maintain the competitiveness of products. As the upgraded versions of these three cars, lifan 330, 530 and 630 were officially released in April this year, and the competitiveness of products was further improved by upgrading the appearance and interior design. However, judging from the design of these cars, although there have been many original designs, we can still see the shadow of drawing on the modeling design of overseas car companies.

● Competitors/Adapters

　　Lifan 330’s main competitors in the future are products such as, and so on. Lifan 530 is in harmony and competition. Lifan 630 is aimed at competitors such as.

Lifan 330 will mainly compete with F0 (left) and Changan Suzuki Alto.

Lifan 530 will mainly compete with M3 (left) and Southeast V3 Lingyue.

Lifan 630 locks 630 (left) and Z300 as competitors.

　　Lifan 330, lifan 530 and Lifan 630 cars are suitable for those consumers who plan to buy economical family cars, mainly relying on transportation, and the budget is not high. Among them, lifan 330 can attract the attention of many young consumers by virtue of his own personality. In addition, we learned from the conversation that in the future, after lifan 330, lifan 530 and Lifan 630 are listed, 320, 520 and 620 will not be discontinued, and these six cars will be sold in the same market, and different styling designs will also meet the needs of different consumers. (Compile/car home Wang Yin)

　　Read more:

　　The overall evolution of appearance and interior beat lifan 330 first.
　　//www.autohome.com.cn/advice/201305/534110.html

Apple has always been known for its fluency, but after continuous upgrading, Apple’s old machines will also be stuck, forcing you to replace a new generation of products (in fact, they are all routines).

Although the system of 4S can only be pushed to iOS 9.3.5 at the highest, the hardware performance of 4S still can’t run iOS 9 smoothly. So, is there any simple way to make Apple’s old devices return to previous generations of systems, and what should be the fluency?

Next, I will use my idle iPhone 4S to change it from stuck to smooth in a few simple steps.

First of all, you need to prepare a computer, and a new one, of course, you need another one, and then you can make a smooth journey.

Note: This process needs to be refreshed. To prevent data loss, please back up the data in your mobile phone in advance.

After connecting the mobile phone to the computer, open the function interface of AISI Assistant-> Jailbreak by Brush->, and then select the iOS system you want to brush to download. At present, the minimum system version that can be brushed for iPhone 4S is iOS 6.1.3.

Download the lower version of the system and brush it.

After downloading the system, you can "brush the machine immediately". You can choose to keep the user information when you brush the phone, but it is not recommended to check it to avoid the failure of the brush and the loss of information. It is most reliable to back up the important information of the mobile phone in advance.

In order to ensure the normal brushing, the ID lock of the mobile phone must be removed before brushing, and the data connection between the mobile phone and the computer must be stable during the process. It is best to use the official data cable to connect.

After a while, the mobile phone became the system of iOS 6.1.3, and returned to the quasi-physical style design and smooth experience.

Smooth iOS 6 system

Before Caton’s iOS 9 system,

After refreshing the iOS 6.1.3 system, the iPhone 4S can be used as a standby smoothly. However, due to the limitation of the current APP, many softwares cannot be installed in the system below iOS 8, so this 4S standby can only be used for common functions such as making phone calls and sending text messages.

If you want iPhone 4S to install software normally, you can only sacrifice a little fluency. You can upgrade the system to iOS 8.4.1, so that you can install commonly used software. Although it reduces fluency, it is also much smoother than iOS 9.

It’s a little nostalgic to use the fluent iOS 6 system now. I wonder if you like the imitation style of iOS 6 system? Or do you prefer the flat design of iOS now?

　　On May 20, it was reported in the market that the dark side of the big model company was carrying out the latest round of financing with a valuation of $3 billion. The new investors included Tencent and Gaorong Venture Capital. This means that after investing in MiniMax, Zhipu AI and Baichuan Intelligent, Tencent once again pulled a large model unicorn company into its own camp.

　　Ali’s annotation to the big model is even more active and fierce. Since August last year, Ali has successively invested in Zhipu AI, 10,000 objects and Baichuan Intelligent. This year, he has invested heavily in the new round of financing of the Dark Side of the Moon and MiniMax, bringing together all the five big model unicorns in China.

　　For this latest round of financing, 21st century business herald reporter asked the dark side of the moon for verification, and the other party said it would not comment.

　　It is understood that before this, the dark side of the moon received early investments from institutions such as Sequoia China, Today Capital, Zhenge Fund and Lisi Capital in 2023.

　　In February of this year, the dark side of the moon received $1 billion in new financing, setting a new record for the largest single financing in the domestic AI field. After this round of financing, the valuation of the dark side of the moon has reached about $2.5 billion. Among them, $800 million comes from new shareholders and $200 million comes from old shareholders. New shareholders participating in financing include Internet companies such as Ali and Xiaohongshu, while old shareholders such as Sequoia China and Lisi Capital continue to follow suit.

　　It is also worth noting that in addition to continuous recognition at the capital level, Kimi, a product of the dark side of the moon, has also won high growth at the market level. According to the latest data of AI product list (aicpb.com), in April 2024, the number of visitors to the web version of Kimi Smart Assistant, a product of Dark Side of Moon, reached 20.04 million, surpassing ERNIE Bot and ranking first among similar products in China.

　　Kimi products have surpassed ERNIE Bot in April.

　　The Dark Side of the Moon was founded in 2023. In October of that year, the company launched Kimi AI, the world’s first intelligent assistant product supporting the input of 200,000 Chinese characters. The real explosion of this product was in March this year, and it also led the Dark Side of the Moon into the public’s field of vision.

　　On March 18th, the Dark Side of the Moon announced in WeChat official account that Kimi Intelligent Assistant had made another breakthrough in the technology of long context window, and the lossless context length was increased from 200,000 words to 2 million words. Since 9:30 am on March 20, Kimi’s system traffic has continued to increase abnormally, far exceeding the company’s previous expected plan.

　　Someone close to the dark side of the moon told 21st century business herald that Kimi’s users have really grown rapidly. Basically, the team just celebrated that the number of users of the product reached an order of magnitude, and soon the number of users reached another order of magnitude.

　　In terms of user data, the data of AI product list (aicpb.com) shows that the number of visitors to KimiChat reached 3.05 million in February, up by 107.6% from last month, ranking third in the domestic AI product visit list, second only to Baidu ERNIE Bot and ali tong Yiqianwen.

　　At present, the latest data of AI product list (aicpb.com) shows that in April 2024, the number of visitors to the web version of Kimi intelligent assistant reached 20.04 million, up 60.2% from last month, and the number of visitors has surpassed that of ERNIE Bot, ranking first among similar products in China. In addition, according to QuestMobile’s data, in March 2024, the monthly active users of Kimi Smart Assistant APP were 5.897 million, and the monthly active users of Kimi Smart Assistant WeChat applet had exceeded 911,000.

　　"Kimi’s explosion has attracted many users to start using products, which has brought about a rapid increase in visits, which may also be one of the reasons for attracting new investors. But what is the user retention after the freshness? This is the focus of everyone’s attention at this stage, and it also tests the product technical strength of the dark side of the moon. " An investor said to 21st century business herald.

　　In addition to the dark side of the moon, MiniMax, Baichuan Intelligent and Zhipu AI also reported new financing progress this year. In April, there was market news that the current valuation of MiniMax had exceeded $2.5 billion.

　　In addition, some media reported that Baichuan Intelligent will carry out a new round of financing with hundreds of millions of dollars, which will become one of the largest financing in the AI field in China in 2024. Investors from the participating companies confirmed that Baichuan Intelligent has been valued at over US$ 1.8 billion (about RMB 13 billion) this year. In response, Baichuan Intelligent responded that the latest financing information has not been officially disclosed, and the amount involved in the report is not accurate.

　　Zhipu AI has always been the darling of the capital market. In 2023, it completed 2.5 billion yuan of financing, and the participating investment institutions included the social security fund Zhongguancun Independent Innovation Fund, Meituan, Ant, Ali, Tencent, Xiaomi, Sequoia and Gaoyou.

　　At the beginning of this year, Zhipu AI received investment from Beijing Artificial Intelligence Industry Investment Fund. Wang Shaolan, president of Zhipu AI, said in an exclusive interview with 21st century business herald at the end of April that financing is a continuous process for large model companies. The company must have a new financing plan this year, but the details are not convenient to disclose for the time being.

　　Technology giants compete for big model unicorns.

　　In the era of mobile Internet, once a startup company accepts an investment from both Tencent and Ali, it will be regarded as a "queue". Looking at the investment maps of hundreds of companies in Ali and Tencent, there are only a handful of startups that can invest in both.

　　In the last wave, the two giants, Tencent and Ali, made simultaneous bets on UGC. They jointly invested in Xiaohongshu, bilibili, Zhihu, bilibili and Zhihu, and the valuation of Xiaohongshu was as high as $20 billion in the last round of financing in 2021.

　　Nowadays, in the AI ? ? big model track, the actions of the two giants are more similar. On the one hand, the big model burns money crazily and I don’t know when it will be profitable. On the other hand, it has already launched its own big model. Why did Tencent and Ali struggle to pull the big model unicorn into their own camp?

　　One of the main driving forces is the rapid development of AI big model, which makes the computing demand of cloud providers surge, and also brings huge new business growth space for computing manufacturers. According to the latest data of Synergy Research Group, in Q4 2023, Amazon, Microsoft and Google, the three major cloud computing service providers, accounted for 66% of the global market share. According to the data released by market research organization Canalys, in the fourth quarter of 2023, Alibaba Cloud, Huawei Cloud and Tencent Cloud continued to dominate the cloud service market in China.

　　It can be seen that the most active giants in big model investment are the top cloud computing providers in domestic and foreign markets. A16Z, a well-known venture capitalist in Silicon Valley, estimates that about 20%-40% of the revenue of large model application layer vendors will be used for reasoning and model fine-tuning, which is usually paid directly to cloud vendors or third-party model providers. Third-party model providers also spend about half of their revenue on cloud infrastructure, so 10%-20% of the total revenue of generative AI eventually flows to cloud providers.

　　An investor analyzed to the reporter, "For the technology giants, by investing in a large-scale model enterprise to their own cloud, they can bring real growth to the business at the moment. At this stage, instead of going to the big model where you can’t see when you can make a profit, it is better to become the infrastructure of the big model first. "

　　A few days ago, the General Office of the Hubei Provincial Party Committee and the General Office of the Provincial Government issued the "Implementation Opinions on Further Improving the Scientific and Accurate Prevention and Control of COVID-19 Epidemic Normalization", and issued a notice requesting all localities and departments to conscientiously implement it in light of the actual situation.

　　The full text of the "Implementation Opinions on Further Improving the Scientific and Accurate Prevention and Control of COVID-19 Epidemic Normalization" is as follows:

　　In order to implement the Party Central Committee’s decision-making and deployment on the prevention and control of normalized epidemic situation, and implement the spirit of "Guiding Opinions on Doing a Good Job in the Prevention and Control of COVID-19 Epidemic Situation" (Guo Fa Dian [2020] No.14) of the State Council Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism, combined with the actual situation of epidemic situation prevention and control in our province, the following opinions are put forward.

　　I. General requirements

　　Thoroughly implement the spirit of the series of important speeches and important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on epidemic prevention and control, do a good job in ideological preparation and work preparation for long-term normalization prevention and control, always tighten the string of epidemic prevention and control, and resolutely overcome paralysis, war-weariness, luck and relaxation. We will continue to pay close attention to the work of "internal defense rebound, external defense output and strict prevention of input", pay more attention to prevention and control according to law, scientific prevention and control, and precise prevention and control, and improve and implement the normalized prevention and control mechanism of timely detection, rapid disposal, precise control and effective treatment. Tightening territorial responsibility, departmental responsibility, unit responsibility, personal and family responsibility, re-investigating prevention and control loopholes, re-reinforcing prevention and control priorities, and re-implementing prevention and control requirements, guarding your own doors, keeping an eye on your own people, and doing your own thing well, ensuring that the epidemic situation does not rebound, the achievements of epidemic prevention and control will be wasted, and striving to win the "double victory" of epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development.

　　Second, the work measures

　　 (A) adhere to the prevention first, and build a prevention and control barrier.

　　1. Continue publicity and education. Strengthen the publicity of laws and regulations on the prevention and control of infectious diseases, prevention knowledge and prevention and control guidelines, guide the public to firmly establish the consciousness of "individual is the first person responsible for health", and develop sanitary habits and lifestyles such as wearing masks scientifically, washing hands frequently, keeping social distance, strengthening ventilation and disinfection, and comprehensively improve the health literacy of urban and rural residents and improve their self-protection ability.

　　2. Vigorously promote the patriotic health campaign. We will prevent the gateway from moving forward and the center of gravity from sinking, continue to promote the patriotic health campaign, continue to do a good job in urban and rural environmental sanitation management, comprehensive improvement of environmental sanitation in key places such as farmers’ markets and residential areas (villages), vector control, etc., do a good job in cleaning and disinfecting public areas in residential quarters, and establish and improve a long-term environmental sanitation management mechanism.

　　3. Effectively strengthen the guidance on epidemic prevention and control. Provincial disease prevention and control professional institutions should issue prevention and control guidelines in a timely manner according to the epidemic situation in different periods and the characteristics of different people, different industries and different places. City and county-level disease prevention and control professional institutions should, according to the characteristics of the local epidemic situation, strengthen the guidance on prevention and control of resumption of work, business, and classes, scientifically standardize public prevention and control behavior, improve the working mechanism of mass prevention and control, and build a complete epidemic prevention and control barrier.

　　(2) Insist on strengthening the foundation at the grass-roots level and keeping an important defense line in the community.

　　4. Enrich the power of community prevention and control. Select the best and strengthen the secretaries of grass-roots party organizations, promote the professionalization and specialization of community workers, and establish and improve the community normalization prevention and control work team in which party member, community workers, grass-roots medical personnel, police, property managers, volunteers, various community autonomous organizations and residents widely participate. Strengthen the linkage among counties (cities, districts), streets (towns) and communities (villages), further clarify the division of responsibilities, adhere to the command and dispatch of grass-roots party organizations, implement various prevention and control requirements, and build a community governance pattern of co-construction, co-governance and sharing under the guidance of party building.

　　5. Accurately implement community control. Streets (towns and villages) should strengthen the inspection and supervision of community prevention and control work, continue to do a good job in policy propaganda, prevention and control guidance and problem supervision and rectification work, and earnestly keep the first line of defense in the community. Wuhan should continue to strengthen and improve the management and control of residential areas, coordinate the implementation of management and control forces, focus on strengthening the management and control of old residential areas, open residential areas, "three noes" residential areas, urban villages, urban-rural fringe areas, dormitories, rented houses and other areas, and insist on scanning health codes, checking body temperature, wearing masks and recording strangers’ information for people entering and leaving, and adjust the management and control measures in a timely manner according to the epidemic situation. Low-risk areas in other cities and States outside Wuhan can optimize and adjust community management measures in light of local conditions, and continue to do a good job in the investigation and control of key populations. All localities should establish a working mechanism that combines prevention and control with emergency management under normal conditions.

　　6. Strengthen grid management. Make full use of health codes, incorporate epidemic prevention and control into the key content of grid management, do a good job in information collection, epidemic prevention and control investigation and epidemic information publicity of community personnel, strengthen the management of key groups such as fever personnel, overseas and high-risk areas who come to and return from Hubei, asymptomatic infected people, cured and discharged patients, close contacts, people with difficulties in life, floating population, etc., so as to achieve full coverage and no omissions, ensure efficient and accurate information collection, and ensure strong and orderly control of key personnel. Improve the community sharing mechanism of epidemic information in health, entry and exit departments, and improve the pertinence and accuracy of information collection and epidemic investigation of grid staff.

　　(C) Adhere to the role of "checkpoints" and hold the first pass of the hospital.

　　7. Strengthen the pre-inspection triage system and closed-loop management of fever clinic. Medical institutions at or above the second level and township health centers should set up fever clinics and triage points in strict accordance with the norms, and play the role of "checkpoints" for hospital early warning, warning and alarm. All fever clinics should strictly implement the procedures of receiving, screening and referral, and carry out rapid screening of nucleic acid, antibody, CT and hemogram for fever patients after entering the fever clinic, so that ordinary patients can be treated symptomatically, suspected patients can be isolated for observation, and confirmed patients can be transported in time. At the same time, the closed-loop management of fever patients should be established simultaneously, and the closed-loop management of epidemic reporting and epidemic adjustment should be carried out simultaneously for suspected and confirmed patients.

　　8. Strengthen the prevention and control of hospital sensation and the protection of medical personnel. Strictly implement the prevention and control system of nosocomial infection, standardize the setting of clean areas, polluted areas, semi-polluted areas, medical staff passages and patient passages in hospital fever clinics and infectious areas, and implement the provisions of "double triage and double buffering" in general outpatient and emergency departments. Strengthen the monitoring of nosocomial infection, do a good job in personal protection of medical staff, strictly manage visits and escorts, set up safety protection facilities, strengthen ventilation and disinfection of wards, and standardize the disposal of medical wastes. On the basis of doing a good job in nucleic acid screening for medical staff, the nucleic acid screening for accompanying staff and workers should be implemented.

　　9. Implement patient treatment and personnel isolation measures. Cities and States should designate designated hospitals for the treatment of critically ill patients in COVID-19, and treat critically ill patients in accordance with the principles of centralized patients, experts, resources and treatment. Counties (cities, districts) designate more than one designated hospital in COVID-19 and one medical observation point for asymptomatic infected people, designate centralized isolation points that can accommodate more than 200 people as centralized isolation places for close contacts and entry personnel, and reserve enough medical resources such as beds, medical personnel and materials to deal with possible epidemics.

　　10. Do a good job in rehabilitation treatment and management of discharged patients. All localities should integrate professional forces, do a good job in rehabilitation and psychological counseling of discharged patients in the form of family doctors signing services, purchasing services and volunteering services, and strengthen psychological crisis intervention.

　　(four) adhere to focus, pay close attention to the implementation of prevention and control measures.

　　11. Do a good job in prevention and control of key places. On the premise of implementing prevention and control measures, open shopping malls, supermarkets, hotels, restaurants and other places in an orderly manner; Open parks, tourist attractions and sports venues by making an appointment or limiting the flow; Open indoor venues such as libraries, museums and art galleries in an orderly manner; Can hold all kinds of necessary meetings, exhibitions and other activities. According to the development of the epidemic situation, Wuhan can gradually, steadily and orderly open indoor theaters, chess and cards rooms, amusement halls, Internet cafes, dance halls, bars, KTV, indoor swimming pools, closed places or some areas of stadiums and gymnasiums with poor ventilation conditions such as using underground space according to the situation; Low-risk areas in other cities and states outside Wuhan can decide the opening of relevant places on their own according to the overall assessment of epidemic prevention and control.

　　12. Strengthen the prevention and control of key institutions. Continue to implement closed management of pension institutions, welfare homes, prisons and mental health medical institutions, and do a good job in risk prevention. Implement prevention and control measures such as personnel access management, personnel protection, health monitoring, disinfection, etc., and all new entrants will be isolated for 14 days and tested for nucleic acid. Visitors should take personal protective measures and encourage non-contact visits such as videos. If there are medical service institutions such as infirmary and nursing station in the old-age care institutions, they shall not serve outside the scope of medical licensing services. If a medical institution holds an old-age care institution or is adjacent to it, it shall carry out cross-infection assessment according to the requirements of zoning management of medical institutions, and take necessary control measures if there are risks.

　　13. Highlight the prevention and control of key populations. Guide the elderly, children, pregnant women, the disabled, medical personnel, patients with severe chronic diseases and other key groups to do personal protection, and carry out psychological counseling, care and assistance. Strengthen the assistance of vagrants and beggars, and find that fever personnel take timely control measures.

　　14. Strengthen campus prevention and control. Implement the system of "daily report" and "zero report" on the health status of faculty and students. Do a good job in health tips, health management, classroom ventilation, disinfection, etc., and implement prevention and control measures such as morning and afternoon (evening) check-up of school attendance, tracing and registration of the cause of absence due to illness. All localities should equip each school with full-time or part-time professional health personnel in accordance with the provision of 1 professional health personnel for every 600 students. Wuhan has implemented the "1+2" prevention and control cooperation mechanism with one school doctor, one community general practitioner and one disease control staff. Students, faculty and staff in the school campus continue to implement protective measures to wear masks and keep social distance, and adjust the regulations on wearing masks in a timely manner according to the epidemic prevention and control situation. Students in schools in low-risk areas in other cities and States outside Wuhan may not wear masks, and teachers may not wear masks when teaching.

　　15 to prevent the import of overseas epidemic. Implement the "push" of immigration information — Comparison — Screening — Feedback "information closed loop and the" transportation intervention "of overseas people from Hubei — Port quarantine — Classified transshipment — Centralized isolation — Community prevention and control "closed loop of the whole process management, strengthen the management of overseas people coming to Hubei. All persons who have lived abroad for 14 days before coming to Hubei will be tested for nucleic acid, among whom the confirmed patients, suspected patients, suspected fever patients, close contacts and asymptomatic infected persons will be classified and disposed of on the spot according to the prevention and control regulations, and all other persons will be kept under centralized medical observation for 14 days in the first entry city and will be included in the local community (village group) prevention and control system.

　　(5) Persist in standing by and resolutely deal with sudden outbreaks.

　　16. Strengthen monitoring and early warning. Strictly implement the reporting system of infectious diseases, integrate the monitoring information of disease control, medical care, medical insurance and medicine, improve the early warning mechanism, define the dynamic early warning indicators, procedures, grades and methods, and establish a highly sensitive perennial monitoring and early warning system in COVID-19. Implement monitoring and reporting of symptoms such as abnormal body temperature in communities, units, public places and ports. Improve the ability of screening, investigation and disposal of infectious diseases in primary medical and health institutions.

　　17. Rapid linkage reaction. After finding confirmed cases, suspected cases, asymptomatic infected persons and clustered cases, counties (cities, districts) should immediately organize, direct and dispatch the epidemic disposal work; Disease control institutions and public security departments should complete the work of flow adjustment and epidemic point sealing and control within 24 hours; Street (township) in conjunction with the first aid, medical and other institutions responsible for the transfer of patients, asymptomatic infected persons and close contacts, the implementation of isolation treatment or centralized medical observation. Strengthen the joint prevention and control of epidemic-related areas, notify the infectious sources and close contacts in the field, and strictly manage them on the spot according to the principle of territoriality.

　　18. Accurate and powerful disposal. Adhere to the principle of early, small, strict, practical and classified disposal, implement the "four early" measures of early detection, early reporting, early isolation and early treatment, quickly determine the epidemic point, epidemic area, spread range and population, implement strict closure management, and control the epidemic situation to a minimum. In case of sporadic epidemic, the building and ward where the case is located shall be designated as the epidemic point; If there is a cluster epidemic, the community and natural village (group) where the case is located shall be designated as the epidemic point (a larger area may be designated as the epidemic area); In case of epidemic spread, the community and administrative village where the case is located shall be designated as epidemic areas.

　　(six) adhere to strict testing and screening, strengthen the management of asymptomatic infected people.

　　19. Expand the scope of nucleic acid screening. Implement relevant funds and policy guarantees in accordance with state regulations, further increase the intensity of nucleic acid testing, expand the scope of testing, and do everything that should be tested, willing to be tested, and able to be tested. On the basis of ensuring the full coverage of key groups such as expatriates, teaching staff, medical staff, public transport service personnel, employees in public places and relevant personnel in special places, as well as people with difficulties in living in rental houses, public officials with wide social contacts, universities and primary and secondary school students, and ensuring the full coverage of key areas such as old communities, open communities, "three noes" communities, villages in cities, urban-rural fringe areas, collective dormitories and rental houses, Wuhan combines prevention and control. On the basis of continuing to do a good job in the testing of teaching staff and medical personnel, other cities and States outside Wuhan will determine the screening scope by themselves according to local conditions. Xiaogan, Huanggang, Ezhou and other cities should do a good job in nucleic acid testing for students who have resumed classes.

　　20. Improve the ability of nucleic acid detection. All tertiary general hospitals, centers for disease control and prevention, qualified specialized hospitals, secondary hospitals and independent medical laboratory in the province should further strengthen laboratory construction and improve the ability of nucleic acid detection. It is necessary to strictly carry out daily supervision, ensure the quality of testing, optimize services, improve efficiency and reduce prices. In 2020, each county (city) must have at least two nucleic acid testing laboratories. Increase technical training and guidance for medical and health personnel, and improve the standardization of personnel operation. Data such as nucleic acid and serum detection should be collected and reported in time.

　　21. Strict management of asymptomatic infected people. Implement the report, mediation and management of asymptomatic infected persons, analyze the source of infection, and strengthen the tracking, screening and medical observation of close contacts. On the basis of nucleic acid detection, antibody, CT and hemogram examination should be carried out for asymptomatic infected people. Asymptomatic infected persons who have clinical manifestations during centralized medical observation should be immediately transported to designated medical and health institutions for standardized treatment, and the relevant information in the epidemic reporting system should be revised in time after diagnosis, and no delay, omission or concealment is allowed. Close contacts of asymptomatic infected persons should be tested for nucleic acid. After the asymptomatic infected people are released from centralized medical observation, they will be included in the management of basic public health services, and follow-up, follow-up and health management will be done well. For asymptomatic infected persons and their close contacts, case information should be formed in time and pushed to the government sharing exchange platform or data center at the same level to realize closed-loop management of data and incorporate it into health code management in time.

　　Third, organizational guarantee

　　(A) compaction Sifang prevention and control responsibility

　　22. Implement territorial responsibility. Party committees and governments at all levels should strengthen organizational leadership, adhere to the working mechanism of direct command of epidemic prevention and control by the main party and government leaders, adhere to prevention and control according to law, scientific prevention and control, joint prevention and control, increase funding, strengthen the dynamic reserve of medical materials, enhance prevention and control and emergency response capabilities, and ensure the implementation of normalized prevention and control measures.

　　23. Implement departmental and industry responsibilities. All relevant departments should implement their responsibilities, strengthen industry and system management, incorporate epidemic prevention and control into the daily industry supervision, and earnestly do a good job in the prevention and control of their own industries and systems. Continue to strengthen joint prevention and control, overall scheduling, and strengthen guidance and support for grassroots normalization prevention and control work.

　　24. Implement the responsibilities of enterprises and institutions. All enterprises and institutions should implement the main responsibility, take the initiative to accept the guidance and supervision of the competent departments of the industry, improve the responsibility system and management system for prevention and control, formulate and improve emergency plans, and equip them with necessary protective articles and facilities. Strictly implement epidemic prevention and control regulations, strengthen employee publicity and education and health monitoring, and implement various prevention and control measures in accordance with relevant prevention and control guidelines.

　　25. Implement personal and family responsibilities. Individuals and families should strictly abide by the laws and regulations on epidemic prevention and control, consciously fulfill their obligations of prevention and control, actively cooperate with relevant departments to do a good job in epidemic prevention and control, accept the investigation, sample collection, detection and isolation treatment of infectious diseases according to law, do a good job in personal protection, report patients or suspected patients in time, and do not spread rumors, believe rumors or spread rumors.

　　26. Strengthen supervision and accountability. All localities should establish an inspection mechanism, focus on the key areas and links of epidemic prevention and control, carry out supervision and inspection on the implementation of normalized prevention and control measures and responsibilities, strictly enforce discipline requirements, and compact the responsibilities of the four parties. Those who engage in formalism, bureaucracy, seeking no practical results, deceiving their superiors and deceiving their subordinates, etc., which seriously affect the prevention and control work, must be resolutely investigated and dealt with and seriously held accountable.

　　(2) Adhere to scientific prevention and control according to law.

　　27. Prevention and control according to laws and regulations. All localities should strictly implement the laws and regulations on epidemic prevention and control and emergency response to public health emergencies, perform their duties of epidemic prevention and control according to law, improve decision-making procedures, standardize decision-making processes, and timely disclose relevant information on epidemic prevention and control. Disciplinary committees at all levels should strengthen supervision and strictly enforce discipline. Health administrative departments at all levels should strengthen law enforcement inspection on the prevention and control of infectious diseases, and severely investigate and deal with illegal acts such as concealing and delaying the reporting of epidemic situations. All relevant departments should strengthen supervision over the prevention and control of infectious diseases and resolutely investigate and deal with illegal acts.

　　28. Scientific and precise prevention and control. All localities should promptly judge the epidemic situation and prevention and control capabilities, and scientifically and dynamically adjust the risk level and emergency response level according to the situation. The Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention carries out the risk level assessment with counties (cities, districts) as the unit, and the provincial health and wellness committee timely announces the adjustment; According to the published risk level, each city and state scientifically demarcates the prevention and control area to the smallest unit, and accurately implements various control measures.

　　(3) Strengthen work security measures

　　29 to strengthen the construction of public health emergency management system. Efforts will be made to improve the public health emergency command system, monitoring and early warning system, and improve the combination of peacetime and wartime, rapid response, and accurate prevention and control mechanisms. Reform and improve the disease control system, innovate the collaborative model of medical treatment and prevention, and strengthen public health and major disease prevention and control. Strengthen the construction of emergency system for infectious diseases in medical and health institutions. Consolidate and improve the network of public hospitals at the provincial, city and county levels and the network of medical and health services at the county, township and village levels, and further strengthen the capacity building of epidemic prevention and control in primary medical and health institutions. Strengthen the construction of health emergency infrastructure and discipline talent team to promote the sinking of high-quality resources. Improve the reserve system of materials and production capacity of drugs, medical protective equipment and medical equipment. Strengthen the public health emergency material security, investment security and emergency medical security to ensure the public health safety of the province.

　　30. Strengthen information technology support. Improve and perfect the big data platform for epidemic prevention and control, make full use of China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, Hubei COVID-19 Information Registration System, Hubei COVID-19 Rehabilitation Intelligent Escort System, medical insurance, market supervision and other related information and data, and timely share information such as nucleic acid and antibody test results, key personnel, and purchase of fever-reducing and cough-relieving drugs to the provincial big data platform for epidemic prevention and control, so as to ensure the province’s confirmed patients, suspected patients, suspected fever patients, close contacts and asymptomatic infected people. Continue to promote the mutual recognition of health codes between provinces and our province, realize "one code communication", and ensure the safe and orderly flow of personnel. Make full use of digital technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence and cloud computing to provide strong support for epidemic prevention and control.

　　31. Strengthen scientific research and international cooperation. Vigorously promote research on vaccines and drugs, virus variation and immunization strategies. Accelerate the research and development of detection reagents and equipment, improve sensitivity, specificity and simplicity, further improve detection ability and shorten detection time. Strengthen scientific research on epidemiology and post-epidemic rehabilitation. Strengthen international exchanges and cooperation, popularize Hubei’s anti-epidemic experience and practices, and realize information sharing, technical exchange and cooperation in epidemic prevention and control.

　　32. Properly prevent and resolve "post-epidemic syndrome". We should focus on the whole and the overall situation, firmly establish the people-centered development thought, strengthen social psychological counseling services, and strengthen psychological assistance and psychological crisis intervention. Strengthen care for people, groups and enterprises affected by the epidemic and help solve practical difficulties. Grasp the early signs, strive to resolve contradictions, prevent all kinds of risks from being transmitted and superimposed, prevent individual and local risks from escalating into systematic and regional risks, and ensure the overall political and social stability of the province.

Original Shanghai No.10 Hospital Pharmaceutical Service Shanghai No.10 Hospital Pharmaceutical Service

China’s population aging process is accelerating. In 2020, China’s population aged 60 and over has reached 18.70%. The elderly are at higher risk of malnutrition, especially those with multiple diseases or serious diseases. Once the elderly patients are diagnosed with malnutrition, comprehensive and detailed nutritional assessment should be made within 48 hours, and personalized nutritional intervention strategies should be formulated for patients to ensure adequate dietary intake and improve nutritional status. Oral nutritional supplements (ONS), enteral nutrition (EN) and parenteral nutrition (PN) are commonly used ways to supplement nutrition in clinic.

Our previous popular science article "Rumoured Enteral Nutrition" has introduced the relevant knowledge of enteral nutrition. Today, I will take you to understand what parenteral nutrition is.

one

What is parenteral nutrition?

Parenteral nutrition (PN) refers to a way of intravenous infusion of nutrients such as amino acids, glucose, lipids, electrolytes, vitamins and trace elements, so that patients can maintain their nutritional status even if they can’t eat, and improve their clinical outcomes.

For elderly patients who need nutritional support treatment, when EN intake is lower than 60% of the body’s energy and protein’s target requirement, it is suggested to give supplementary parenteral nutrition. When the gastrointestinal function of elderly patients is seriously impaired or EN cannot be used, total parenteral nutrition is recommended.

2

Is single bottle infusion better or "all in one" (total nutrient mixture)

Infusion is good?

"All-in-one" infusion means that various nutrients such as carbohydrates, fat emulsion, amino acids, vitamins, electrolytes and trace elements are fully mixed in an infusion bag according to a certain reasonable ratio (sugar-fat ratio, hot-nitrogen ratio, electrolyte concentration, etc.) and then infused.

Compared with single-bottle infusion, "all-in-one" infusion is more in line with the physiological metabolic process of the body, which can make the nutrients input into the body better metabolized and utilized: (1) It can reduce the occurrence of metabolic complications, and avoid increasing the metabolic load due to more glucose or fatty acids entering the body in a unit time when a single-bottle infusion of hypertonic glucose or fat emulsion is used, and even complicated with related metabolic complications, such as hyperglycemia or hyperlipidemia; (2) The nutrients can be diluted with each other, so as to reduce the overall osmotic pressure and reduce the stimulation to veins; (3) It can avoid the need to change the infusion bottle many times during single bottle infusion, simplify the infusion process, save nursing time, reduce the chance of pollution and reduce the risk of related infection.

three

Classification and characteristics of total nutrient mixture

At present, the total nutrient mixture is mainly divided into two forms: industrial multi-cavity bag (including three-cavity bag and double-cavity bag) and hospital preparation (commonly known as "three-liter bag"). So what’s the difference between the two?

Industrialized multi-cavity bag is to divide a special preparation bag into several relatively independent cavities, and fill them with nutritional ingredients such as fat milk, amino acids and glucose respectively. When in use, just squeeze to open the inner cavity partition belt and mix several liquids fully and evenly. Multi-cavity bag has many specifications, and has the characteristics of reasonable prescription, stable quality and ready-to-use, which can reduce prescription and configuration errors, reduce microbial contamination and bloodstream infection, and meet the needs of parenteral nutrition for most patients.

However, for patients who need to strictly limit the amount of liquid and electrolyte intake, have serious metabolic disorders and have special nutritional needs, it is still necessary to prepare individualized parenteral total nutrition mixture in the hospital.

four

How to prepare parenteral total nutrient solution in hospital?

The parenteral total nutrition mixed solution prepared in the hospital was prepared by PIVAS according to the personalized prescription prescribed by doctors and audited by pharmacists, and was mixed and mixed by pharmaceutical professionals in strict accordance with the operation sequence of parenteral nutrition mixed preparation under the clean environment of horizontal laminar flow table.

The prepared parenteral nutrient solution should be used now to avoid direct sunlight; If it needs to be stored, it should be placed in a refrigerator at 4℃ to avoid light and refrigerated, and it should be rewarming before infusion; Even in cold storage, the time from the end of infusion must be limited to 48 hours to ensure safety and effectiveness.

five

Can other drugs be added to parenteral total nutrient solution?

In order to reduce the volume load of patients, parenteral nutrition mixture may be used as the infusion carrier of drugs in clinic. Strictly speaking, neither industrial three-cavity bags nor hospital preparations can be used as infusion carriers for other drugs.

The mixed total nutrient solution is a relatively stable system. If other drugs must be added, it is necessary to carefully evaluate the stability of the system and the effectiveness of each component, and closely monitor the adverse reactions and pharmacological activities of the drugs during the medication.

References:

[1] National Bureau of Statistics. Bulletin of the Seventh National Census: Population Age Composition.

[2] Geriatrics Branch of Chinese Medical Association. China Expert Consensus on Multidisciplinary Decision-making Model of Malnutrition in the Elderly (2023)

[3] Prevalence and outcomes of malnutrition among hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ClinNutr ESPEN(2021)

[4] The impact of nutritional status,nutritional risk, and nutritional treatment on clinical outcome of 2248 hospitalized cancer patients: a multi-center, prospective cohort study in Chinese teaching hospitals. Nutr Cancer(2013)

[5] Cancer Nutrition Committee of China Anti-Cancer Association, Parenteral Nutrition Branch of Chinese Medical Association. China Expert Consensus on Safety Management of Parenteral Nutrition (2021).

Author: Xu Luzhong

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