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According to the latest real-time statistics of WHO, at present, there are 1,995,983 cases diagnosed in COVID-19 and 131,037 deaths worldwide, 1,013,093 cases diagnosed in Europe and more than 1.91 million cases outside China.

More than 650,000 cases were diagnosed in the United States, and the cumulative death toll exceeded 30,000 cases.

According to the global COVID-19 data real-time statistical system released by Johns Hopkins University, as of 6 pm EST on April 16th, the United States reported 658,263 confirmed cases and 32,186 deaths in COVID-19, and 3,262,921 cases were detected. In the past 24 hours, there were 23,288 newly diagnosed cases and 4,246 new deaths in the United States. The data shows that the number of deaths in the United States reached a new high on the 16th.

Protests against "home orders" have appeared in many places in the United States, and cooperation and coordination among seven central and western States have reopened.

Recently, protests against home orders have appeared in many places in the United States, which has put pressure on state governments. On the 15th in Michigan, thousands of demonstrators protested around the state capitol, saying that epidemic prevention measures were causing small businesses to die. Protests also took place in Kentucky and North Carolina.

△ The picture shows the activities of protesting home orders in Michigan, USA.

In Michigan alone, more than 1 million people (about a quarter of the state’s workforce) applied for unemployment benefits.

The new york Times commented that the scale of protests like Michigan shows that people’s patience is limited. As anxiety, uncertainty and unemployment increase, the next few weeks will be a test for state governors and local leaders.

Apple and Google jointly promoted the US version of "Health Code" to track infected people with Bluetooth, and Cook promised not to invade privacy.

On April 15th, Fox News reported that Apple and Google intend to jointly develop new technology to help officials track COVID-19 infected people. This technology is directly embedded in IOS and Android systems and tracked via Bluetooth. If users have contact with infected people, they will be reminded even if they are not connected to the internet. In the tweet, Cook promised not to invade people’s privacy, and said that he would share the data in Google Maps to help the government understand how people travel in the community.

The cumulative number of confirmed cases in France reached 100,000.

On the evening of April 16th, local time, as of that day, 108,847 cases of COVID-19 were confirmed in France, an increase of 2,641 cases compared with the previous day. A total of 17,920 deaths were reported, an increase of 753 cases over the previous day.

French medical staff who treat COVID-19 patients can receive a subsidy of up to 1,500 euros.

According to the British "Guardian" news on April 15th, French Prime Minister édouard Philippe announced an "emergency economic plan". According to the plan, French doctors, nurses and other staff participating in COVID-19 patient rescue activities will receive tax-free bonus subsidies ranging from 500 euros to 1,500 euros. Bonuses will be distributed according to the risk coefficient, and medical staff who are on the front line of anti-epidemic and have a high risk of infection will receive relatively high subsidies.

At the same time, the overtime pay of medical staff participating in the anti-epidemic work will be increased by 50%, and with the above subsidies, qualified medical staff can get more than 2,000 euros in additional income. The Guardian reported that bonuses and overtime pay for medical staff are expected to cost 1.3 billion euros, which is part of the French government’s 110 billion euro "economic revitalization" budget.

More than 600 people on the French "De Gaulle" were diagnosed and 20 sailors were hospitalized.

According to foreign media reports, a spokesman for the French navy said on the 16th that about 20 sailors were still hospitalized after the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic on the French aircraft carrier "De Gaulle". The French military has ordered an investigation into how the "De Gaulle" broke out.

The French Ministry of Defence said on the 15th that a total of 1,767 naval soldiers were tested, almost all from the "Charles de Gaulle", and at least 668 people showed positive reaction. The "De Gaulle" set sail for the eastern Mediterranean on January 21st to support French military operations against extremists in Iraq and Syria, and then went to the Atlantic Ocean and the Baltic Sea. Later, the "De Gaulle" participated in the exercise of the Nordic Navy in the Baltic Sea, but returned to Toulon two weeks early after the sailors developed COVID-19 symptoms.

Britain became the sixth country in the world with more than 100,000 confirmed cases.

On the 16th local time, the latest news released by the British Ministry of Health showed that there were 4,618 new confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the UK in a single day, with a total of 103,093 confirmed cases, making it the sixth country in the world with more than 100,000 confirmed cases. There were 861 new deaths, and the cumulative number of deaths rose to 13,729.

The British Parliament will resume on April 21st, and it will be conducted remotely by video for the first time in history.

The British House of Commons announced on the 16th that the British Parliament will resume on April 21st. Affected by the COVID-19 epidemic, Members of Parliament will hold the meeting by video conference, which is the first time in the history of the British Parliament for more than 700 years that it will be held remotely.

The British government issued badges to nursing home workers, but it was bombarded: what was lacking was protective equipment.

On April 15th, the British Minister of Health said at the epidemic briefing that special badges would be issued to nursing home workers, so that they could be recognized and receive the same welfare treatment as NHS medical staff. However, this move has caused widespread criticism. Many people question that nurses do not need badges, but need personal protective equipment and virus detection reagents. At present, there are more than 2,000 nursing homes in the UK with COVID-19 epidemic, but the number of deaths in nursing homes is not included in the number of deaths in COVID-19. The British government promised to strengthen virus testing in nursing homes to prevent the spread of the epidemic.

Britain announced an extension of the blockade for at least three weeks.

On the 16th, local time, Dominique Rab, the acting foreign secretary in charge of the British government, announced that the British blockade would be extended for at least three weeks to curb the spread of COVID-19.

Rab said that the premature relaxation of the blockade measures will damage the economy and the health care system, and the government will only make adjustments under conditions that it considers safe, but it is impossible to predict the time. The British government will conduct an assessment on May 7 to decide whether to extend or adjust the blockade ban.

There were 3,448 new confirmed cases of COVID-19, with a total of 27,938 confirmed cases.

According to the Moscow Epidemic Prevention Command on the 16th, in the past 24 hours, there were 3,448 newly confirmed cases in COVID-19, with a total of 27,938 confirmed cases. Russian infectious disease experts believe that the number of newly confirmed cases will continue to hit a new high in a single day. At present, the epidemic in Russia has not reached its peak, and it is expected that the peak will come from June to July.

President Putin said that preparations for the May 9th military parade will be postponed.

On the 16th local time, Russian President Vladimir Putin said that due to the COVID-19 epidemic, preparations for the May 9th military parade would be postponed. He also stressed that the Red Square parade and the "Immortal Legion" parade will still be held this year.

Confirmed cases of COVID-19 have been found in all Russian federal entities.

On the afternoon of 16th local time, the Altai Republic of Russian Federation announced the first confirmed case of COVID-19. So far, all 85 federal entities in Russia have been infected.

Russian Deputy Prime Minister Gorikova said that at present, the vast majority of cases are concentrated in the capital Moscow and Moscow State, and the peak of COVID-19 epidemic in Russia still needs to wait for several weeks. According to Russian infectious disease expert Nikolai Malshev’s prediction, the turning point of COVID-19 epidemic in Russia will come from June to early July.

IndiaThere were 826 newly confirmed cases, with a total of 12,759 confirmed cases.

According to the latest data of COVID-19 epidemic released by Indian Ministry of Health on 16th, as of 17: 00 that day, there were 826 new confirmed cases in India, with a total of 12,759 confirmed cases, 1,515 cured cases and 420 deaths.

The number of confirmed cases in COVID-19, the largest slum in India, rose to 86, with 9 deaths.

According to Indian media reports, as of the afternoon of 16th local time, the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Talawi slum, India’s largest slum, rose to 86, including 9 deaths. Compared with the previous day, 26 new cases were confirmed.

Since the first confirmed case of COVID-19 appeared in the slums of Talawi on April 1st, the number of confirmed cases has been rising. The local media are worried that Talawi may become the biggest "time bomb" in the Indian epidemic due to its dense population, tight space and worrying health conditions.

India’s comprehensive blockade is extended, and the textile industry may lay off 10 million people.

According to Indian media reports, the Indian Garment Manufacturers Association (CMAI) said that more than 80% of the Indian garment industry is small and micro enterprises, and most enterprises simply cannot survive the epidemic for three to six months. According to CMAI, there are about 3,700 registered enterprises and more than 700,000 employees. If the Indian government does not take assistance measures in wage subsidies or return to work plans, the number of jobs in the entire textile industry in India will be greatly reduced, and the total number of layoffs may be as high as 10 million. As the textile industry is an important economic pillar of India, once it falls, it will lead to serious consequences.

650,000 sets of rapid detection kits ordered by India from China arrived.

The Indian government announced on the 16th local time that it had received 650,000 sets of rapid detection kits ordered from China. Dr Raman, head of epidemiology and infectious diseases of Indian Medical Research Council, said that these kits are mainly used to monitor the changing trend of infection in hot spots in COVID-19, India. The purpose is monitoring, not diagnosis.

This shipment is part of an Indian order for 15 million sets of personal protective equipment (PPE) and 1.5 million sets of rapid detection kits from China.

It is estimated that in the next two weeks, six more batches of medical supplies will arrive from China.

There are 570 new cases of COVID-19’s disease in Japan, and 9292 cases have been diagnosed.

According to a report by the Japan Broadcasting Association TV station at 22: 49 local time on April 16th, there were 570 new cases of COVID-19 in Japan that day, with a total of 9,292 confirmed cases and 186 deaths.

Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe: Japan is in a state of emergency.

On April 16th, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe declared a state of emergency in all parts of the country.State, the end time is May 6th. On April 7, Abe declared a state of emergency in seven regions including Tokyo based on the Special Measures Law. As the epidemic spread in Japan, Abe extended the scope of application of the declaration of state of emergency to all parts of Japan.

Several employees were infected and the headquarters of Asahi TV Station in Japan was blocked.

On April 16th, Japanese media reported that the headquarters building of Asahi TV Station will be blocked for three days from 17th to 19th for comprehensive disinfection and cleaning. Except for some employees who participate in the live broadcast of the program, others are not allowed to enter in principle. On April 15th, COVID-19 was diagnosed by two employees of the news program "Reporting Station", one was the chief producer of the program and the other was the production employee of the program. Previously, a host of the station was also diagnosed with infection.

Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus: The number of deaths has increased tragically.

The lifting of restrictions must be carried out carefully.

On 16th local time, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Director-General of WHO, said at the briefing of the delegation that WHO had received nearly 2 million cases of COVID-19, and the death toll increased by more than 40,000 cases compared with last week’s briefing. This is a frightening and tragic increase, but some countries in the "epicenter" of the epidemic have also shown encouraging signs.

Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus stressed that some countries are considering lifting restrictions, but they must proceed with great care. If it is released too quickly, it will face the risk of recurrence of the epidemic, which may lead to more serious situations.

Image Network is integrated from Johns Hopkins University data, CCTV news, People’s Daily, Beijing News, overseas network, Yonhap News Agency, Associated Press, Kyodo News, Sputnik news agency & radio, BBC, etc.

I. Background

　　Since the 21st century, with the rapid development of China’s economy and society, people’s work and lifestyle have changed, and the physical activity of residents has decreased significantly. Insufficient physical activity is the fourth independent factor leading to human death. Sports activities have become the most active, effective and economical way of life to enhance the national physique and improve the health level.
　　Our government attaches great importance to the important role of sports activities in strengthening physical fitness and improving health level. In 1995, the State Council promulgated and implemented the Outline of the National Fitness Program; In 2007, the State Council issued "Opinions on Strengthening Youth Sports to Enhance Youth Physical Fitness"; In 2014, the State Council issued "Several Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Sports Industry and Promoting Sports Consumption"; In 2016, the State Council issued the Outline of Healthy China 2030, which made clear arrangements for developing mass sports activities, advocating the new fashion of national fitness and promoting the construction of a healthy China.　　
　　Since the implementation of the National Fitness Program in 1995, China’s mass sports undertakings have developed vigorously, sports administrative departments at all levels have actively implemented the Outline of the National Fitness Program, and the youth sports work has been continuously promoted, and the awareness of sports activities has been significantly enhanced; The average area of gymnasiums and gymnasiums in China is 1.57 square meters, and the proportion of people who regularly participate in sports activities is 33.9%. The forms of sports activities for the elderly are rich and colorful, and the quality of life is improved. According to the data of the sixth census, the average life expectancy in China is 74.9 years. The social atmosphere in which sports activities have become an important means to keep fit has been formed.
　　However, we should be aware that the role of sports activities in strengthening the national physique and improving the health level has not been fully exerted, and there is still a big gap from the requirements of a healthy China. According to relevant national survey data, although the proportion of people who regularly participate in sports activities in China has increased year by year, the overweight rate and obesity rate of residents have also continued to increase, and the changes of indicators such as adolescent endurance, adult muscle strength and endurance, and elderly muscle strength are not optimistic. The incidence of chronic non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes is on the rise, and many research results of sports activities in the field of health promotion have not been fully applied to practice. Most residents have great blindness when participating in sports activities. There is still much room for improvement in physical fitness and disease prevention and control. Therefore, it is urgent to issue an authoritative guide to physical fitness activities at the national level to guide residents to engage in physical fitness activities scientifically.
　　According to the actual situation of China residents’ participation in physical fitness activities, the National Fitness Guide systematically summarizes and integrates the relevant national research results in the Tenth Five-Year Plan, the Eleventh Five-Year Plan and the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, and is compiled based on the measured data of China residents’ physical fitness. It mainly includes the effect of physical fitness activities, the test and evaluation of sports ability, the principles of physical fitness activities, the guiding scheme of physical fitness activities and so on.

Second, the effect of physical fitness activities

　　In ancient China, there was a written record of improving human health through introduction. A large number of modern research results have confirmed that regular participation in physical fitness activities can effectively enhance physical fitness, prevent diseases, and improve study and work efficiency.

　　(A) to enhance physical fitness, improve health.

　　Constitution refers to the comprehensive and relatively stable characteristics of human morphological structure, physiological function and psychological factors on the basis of heredity and acquisition. Physical fitness activities can improve the cardiopulmonary function, muscle strength, flexibility, balance and reaction ability of human body, and improve body composition, so as to achieve the effect of enhancing physical fitness and improving health level.

　　1. Improve cardiopulmonary function

　　Cardiopulmonary function is one of the core factors affecting physical fitness and health. Low cardiopulmonary function can lead to an increased risk of premature death. Regular physical activities can improve cardiac contractility and vital capacity, regulate blood pressure, improve blood lipids, have a good impact on cardiopulmonary function, and obviously improve the cardiopulmonary function and health level of teenagers, middle-aged people and the elderly.

　　2. Improve body composition

　　Body composition refers to various substances that make up the body and their proportions, which are generally expressed by body fat content and muscle weight and their ratios. Studies have confirmed that excessive body fat, especially abdominal fat, can induce cardiovascular diseases and metabolic diseases. Physical activities based on aerobic exercise can increase fat consumption, reduce body fat content, increase muscle weight and improve body composition.

　　3. Increase muscle strength

　　Strength training can improve muscle strength and muscle fatigue resistance, promote the growth and development of teenagers, make their physique stronger, prevent symptoms such as waist pain, shoulder and neck pain caused by muscle strength attenuation, improve body balance, prevent the elderly from falling, maintain bone health, and prevent and delay osteoporosis.

　　4. Improve flexibility

　　Flexibility is not only an important sports skill, but also an important activity ability in daily life. Regular traction exercises can improve the elasticity of muscles and ligaments, increase the range of physical activities of teenagers, have beautiful body posture, reduce muscle strain, and prevent and treat joint diseases of middle-aged and elderly people.

　　5. Improve the happiness index

　　Physical exercise is an effective means of psychological intervention. Physical fitness activities can increase people’s sense of pleasure, make people relax, relieve stress, form a good psychological state, get physical and psychological satisfaction, make teenagers full of vitality, middle-aged and elderly people full of vitality, and improve happiness index.

　　(B) prevention and treatment of diseases, improve the quality of life

　　Physical activity can improve the functional level of human organs, enhance the body’s immunity and prevent diseases, especially for chronic non-communicable diseases. Chronic non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and osteoporosis, are important diseases that endanger the health of Chinese residents. Regular physical activities can effectively control the inducing factors of chronic non-communicable diseases, prevent the occurrence of chronic non-communicable diseases, and at the same time, it is also an effective means to treat chronic non-communicable diseases, improve the quality of life and reduce premature death caused by improper lifestyle and insufficient physical activity.

　　1. Cardiovascular disease

　　The prevalence of cardiovascular disease among Chinese residents is on the rise, and cardiovascular death ranks first among the total causes of death among urban and rural residents. Regular physical activities can reduce the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, effectively prevent cardiovascular diseases and promote the rehabilitation of patients with cardiovascular diseases by improving heart function and vascular elasticity, lowering blood pressure, reducing inflammatory factors and regulating blood lipids.

　　2. Diabetes

　　Diabetes is one of the common chronic diseases, and type 2 diabetes is the most common. Regular physical activity can regulate glucose metabolism, reduce blood sugar, improve the sensitivity of target cells to insulin, effectively prevent and treat type 2 diabetes, and delay the occurrence and development of complications. Physical activity can enhance the physique of diabetic patients and improve their quality of life.

　　3. Overweight and obesity

　　Overweight and obesity are characterized by weight gain and are usually expressed by body mass index (BMI). Overweight and obesity are related to many chronic diseases, including hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes, some cancers and various musculoskeletal diseases. The most effective means to prevent and reduce obesity are physical activity and diet balance. Physical activity is the most active method to prevent and control obesity, which can help obese people control their weight, improve their physiological function, prevent weight rebound after losing weight and reduce the occurrence of chronic diseases related to obesity.

　　4. Osteoporosis

　　Osteoporosis is a bone tissue disease characterized by decreased bone density, changes in microstructure of bone tissue, and increased fracture susceptibility. Physical activity helps to increase bone mass, improve bone structure, slow down the loss of bone mass caused by aging, prevent falls and reduce the risk of osteoporotic fractures by enhancing muscle strength and balance.

　　5. Cancer

　　Cancer, also known as malignant tumor, ranks second among the total causes of death among Chinese residents. Physical activity can reduce the risk of breast cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer and other cancers, relieve the pain of postoperative treatment of cancer patients, and improve the survival rate and quality of life of cancer patients. The World Health Organization estimates that more than 30% of cancers can be prevented by physical activities.

　　6. Depression

　　Depression, also known as depressive disorder. In recent years, the incidence of depression in China is on the rise. Physical fitness activities can change the chemical composition of the brain, cause good emotional and state responses, effectively prevent depression, and have a positive intervention effect on patients with mild to moderate depression.

　　(C) improve the efficiency of study and work

　　Physical fitness activities can improve people’s cognitive ability and make people concentrate. Regular physical fitness activities can reduce the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters, delay central fatigue, have a good impact on the nervous system, help improve the learning efficiency and academic performance of teenagers, extend the effective working hours of adults and improve work efficiency.

Third, the sports ability test and evaluation

　　Sports ability refers to the ability of the human body to engage in sports activities. The sports ability test and evaluation of this guide includes single sports ability test and evaluation and comprehensive sports ability evaluation. Before engaging in sports activities, the human body should comprehensively test and evaluate the indexes related to sports ability, so as to scientifically formulate personalized sports activities programs. At different stages of engaging in sports activities, we should regularly carry out sports ability tests to objectively evaluate the effect of sports activities and ensure the safety and effectiveness of sports activities.

　　(A) individual sports ability test and evaluation

　　Single exercise ability test includes aerobic exercise ability, muscle strength, flexibility, balance and reaction ability test. The evaluation of individual sports ability adopts a five-point system, with 5 being excellent, 4 being good, 3 being medium, 2 being poor and 1 being poor.

　　1. Aerobic exercise ability

　　Aerobic exercise ability reflects the ability of human body to carry out aerobic exercise for a long time, which is closely related to cardiopulmonary function. Strong aerobic exercise ability indicates good cardiopulmonary function. Good aerobic exercise ability is an important sign of good health. Regular participation in sports activities can maintain and improve the aerobic exercise ability of human body.

　　Maximum oxygen uptake is an important index to evaluate aerobic exercise ability.

　　2. Muscle strength

　　Muscle strength is the ability of muscles to overcome or resist resistance when they are nervous or contracting. Muscle strength test indicators include grip strength, back strength, push-ups, sit-ups, vertical jump test and so on.

　　3. Flexibility, balance and reaction ability

　　Flexibility refers to the range of motion of each joint during physical activity and the elasticity and stretching ability of ligaments, tendons, muscles, skin and other tissues across the joint. Good flexibility can increase the range of motion and reduce sports injuries.

　　② Balance refers to the ability to maintain body posture or control the center of gravity. Balance ability is the basis of static and dynamic activities. Good balance ability can effectively prevent all kinds of injuries caused by falls.

　　③ Reaction ability mainly refers to the ability of the human central nervous system to consciously control the rapid movement of the skeletal muscle system after receiving certain instructions or stimuli, which embodies the coordination between the nerve and the muscle system.

　　(2) Comprehensive sports ability evaluation

　　Cardiopulmonary function is one of the most important factors affecting human health, and aerobic exercise ability is closely related to cardiopulmonary function. Therefore, aerobic exercise ability is ranked first in the comprehensive exercise ability evaluation system, with a weight of 40%.

　　Obesity can induce a variety of chronic diseases and become an important risk factor for public health. BMI is an index reflecting the degree of obesity. In view of the important role of BMI in the evaluation system of physical fitness and health, and its obvious influence on sports ability, BMI is included in the comprehensive evaluation system of sports ability, with a weight of 20%.

　　The calculation formula of BMI is: weight (kg) divided by the square of height (m) [BMI= weight (kg)/height 2 (m 2)]. The normal range of BMI in Chinese is greater than 18.5 and less than 24, with BMI equal to or greater than 24 being overweight and equal to or greater than 28 being obese.

　　Muscle strength is closely related to exercise ability and quality of life, and its weight is 20%. The weights of flexibility, balance and responsiveness are 10%, 5% and 5% respectively.

　　According to the weights and coefficients of different individual sports ability indexes in the comprehensive sports ability evaluation, the comprehensive sports ability score is calculated, and the calculation method is as follows:

　　Comprehensive athletic ability score = aerobic athletic ability score ×8+ muscle strength score ×4+BMI score ×4+ flexibility score ×2+ balance ability score ×1+ reaction ability score ×1.

　　The comprehensive sports ability evaluation adopts four grades: 85 or above is excellent, 75 or above is good, 60 or above is qualified, and less than 60 is poor.

Fourth, the principle of physical fitness activities

　　Engaged in physical fitness activities, we must follow the following principles and develop good habits of physical fitness activities.

　　(A) the principle of safety

　　The principle of safety refers to that in the process of physical fitness activities, it is the primary principle to ensure that sports participants do not appear or try to avoid sports injury accidents. Before starting physical fitness activities, you should have a physical examination, comprehensively evaluate your physical condition and sports ability, and make a physical fitness program suitable for your own characteristics. Make full preparations before physical fitness activities, and do a good job of sorting out and relaxing after physical fitness activities.

　　(B) the principle of all-round development

　　The principle of all-round development means that in physical fitness activities, all parts of the body should participate in sports, so that the functional level of various organ systems can be generally improved, not only to improve cardiopulmonary function and immune ability, but also to improve physical fitness such as muscle strength and flexibility. Therefore, it is necessary to choose physical fitness activities involving the main muscle groups of the whole body to achieve all-round development results.

　　(3) The principle of gradual progress

　　The principle of gradual progress refers to scientifically and gradually increasing the time and intensity of physical fitness activities. The principle of step by step emphasizes that according to one’s adaptability to physical fitness activities, one should gradually increase the exercise load, so as to improve one’s physical function and athletic ability continuously, so as to achieve the best physical fitness activities.

　　(D) the principle of individuality

　　The principle of individuation refers to making individualized exercise and fitness programs according to everyone’s genetic characteristics, functional characteristics and exercise habits. When making an exercise and fitness program, it is necessary to carry out necessary medical examination and exercise ability test in order to understand everyone’s specific situation and make the exercise and fitness program more personalized.

Five, physical fitness program elements

　　To make a plan of physical fitness activities, we should mainly consider three basic elements: the way of physical fitness activities, the intensity of physical fitness activities and the time of physical fitness activities.

　　(A) Physical fitness activities

　　Physical exercise mode is the specific fitness means and methods adopted by physical fitness activists. According to the sports characteristics of different sports fitness activities, sports fitness activities can be classified into five categories: aerobic exercise, strength exercise, ball games, traditional sports in China and traction exercise.

　　1. Aerobic exercise

　　Aerobic exercise refers to the rhythmic periodic exercise in which the main muscle groups of the whole body participate under the condition of sufficient oxygen supply. During aerobic exercise, the main muscle groups of the whole body participate in the work, which can improve the human function in an all-round way and is the most popular way of physical activity at home and abroad. Aerobic exercise is divided into moderate intensity exercise and high intensity exercise. Moderate exercise intensity mainly includes fitness walking, jogging (6 ~ 8 km/h), cycling (12 ~ 16 km/h), mountain climbing, stair climbing, swimming, etc. High-intensity exercise mainly includes running (more than 8 km/h) and cycling (more than 16 km/h). Moderate intensity aerobic exercise has a steady rhythm and is the safest way for middle-aged and elderly people to exercise.

　　People should take aerobic exercise as the basic way of physical activity when doing physical fitness activities, and those who take improving cardiopulmonary function, losing weight, regulating blood pressure and improving blood lipid as the main purposes can choose aerobic exercise as the first choice.

　　2. Strength exercises

　　Strength training refers to the way that the human body overcomes resistance and improves muscle strength. Strength exercises include non-instrumental strength exercises and instrumental strength exercises. Non-instrumental exercises refer to strength exercises to overcome one’s own resistance, including push-ups, vertical jumping in situ, sit-ups, etc. Instrument strength exercise refers to the strength exercise that the human body carries out on various strength exercise instruments.

　　Strength exercises can improve muscle strength, increase muscle volume, develop muscle endurance, and promote bone development and bone health. Teenagers’ strength exercises can obviously improve their physical fitness and make their bodies stronger; After adulthood, with the growth of age, strength exercises should be increased year by year; Strength exercises for the elderly can improve their balance ability and prevent all kinds of accidental injuries caused by physical falls.

　　3. Ball games

　　Ball games include direct physical contact ball games and indirect physical contact ball games. The former includes basketball, football, rugby, hockey, ice hockey, etc. The latter includes volleyball, table tennis, badminton, tennis, gateball and softball.

　　Ball games are interesting, and participants’ interest in sports can be improved through competition and confrontation. Ball games have certain special technical requirements and need good physical fitness as the foundation. Regular participation in ball games can improve the body’s cardiopulmonary function, muscle strength and reaction ability, and adjust the psychological state, which is the first choice for teenagers.

　　4. Traditional sports in China.

　　Traditional sports in China include Wushu and Qigong. Specific forms of activities include Tai Ji Chuan (sword), Mulan Boxing (sword), martial arts routines, Wuqin Opera, Baduanjin, Yijinjing, Six-character Tactics and so on.

　　China’s traditional sports and fitness methods are gentle, soft and rigid, and emphasize the combination of ideas and physical activities, which has a unique health-keeping effect. It can improve the cardiopulmonary function and balance ability of human body, improve the function of nervous system and adjust mental state, and has good safety.

　　People, especially middle-aged and elderly people, whose main fitness purpose is to improve their balance, flexibility and coordination, improve their heart and lung functions and adjust their mental state can choose the traditional exercise and fitness methods in China.

　　5. Pulling exercises

　　Traction exercises include static traction exercises and dynamic traction exercises. Various traction exercises can increase the range of motion of joints, improve sports skills and reduce sports injuries.

　　Static traction includes positive pressure leg, side leg press, shoulder pressing, etc. Dynamic traction includes forward kicking, side kicking, waist swinging, etc. Those who take part in physical fitness activities for the first time should focus on static traction exercises, and gradually increase the content of dynamic traction exercises with the improvement of flexibility.

　　See Table 1 for the fitness effects of different sports activities.

　　Recommend sports activities according to the purpose of sports and fitness;

　　— — Physical exercisers whose main purpose is to improve their physical fitness and strengthen their bodies choose their favorite physical fitness activities that can be adhered to for a long time, such as aerobic exercise, ball games and traditional China fitness exercises.

　　— — Physical exercisers whose main purpose is to improve heart and lung function should choose aerobic exercise, ball games and other physical fitness activities in which the whole body muscles participate.

　　— — Physical exercisers whose main purpose is to reduce weight should choose long-term aerobic exercise. Long-term and moderate-intensity physical fitness activities can increase body fat consumption and reduce fat content. Long-term brisk walking, jogging and cycling are ideal exercise methods to reduce weight.

　　— — Physical exercisers whose main purpose is to adjust their mental state should choose various recreational ball games and traditional China sports such as Tai Ji Chuan and Qigong, so as to relieve their psychological pressure and improve their sleep.

　　— — Sports athletes whose main purpose is to increase muscle strength can choose instrumental strength exercises and non-instrumental strength exercises according to their own fitness needs and conditions. The effect of strength exercises is related to strength load and repetition times. Generally, strength exercises with large load and few repetitions mainly develop muscle strength, while strength exercises with small load and multiple repetitions mainly develop muscle endurance.

　　— — Physical exercisers with the main purpose of improving flexibility can choose various pulling exercises, especially in the preparation and relaxation stages, which can not only save physical exercise time, but also achieve better fitness results. Various aerobic exercises, aerobics, Tai Ji Chuan, Qigong and yoga can improve flexibility.

　　— — Physical exercisers whose main purpose is to improve their balance ability can choose various special balance training methods, including sitting balance ability exercise, standing balance ability exercise and sports balance ability exercise. Tai Ji Chuan (sword), table tennis, badminton, tennis, softball and other sports can also improve the balance ability of the human body.

　　— — Physical exercisers whose main purpose is to improve their reaction ability can choose various ball games, such as table tennis, badminton, basketball, football and tennis, which can improve their reaction ability.

　　See Table 2 for the recommended sports activities according to the purpose of sports and fitness.

　　(B) the intensity of physical fitness activities

　　The intensity of physical fitness activities is an important content of making physical fitness activities plan. The intensity is too small, and there is no obvious fitness effect; Excessive intensity is not only bad for fitness, but also may cause sports injuries.

　　1, the intensity of physical fitness activities.

　　The intensity of physical fitness activities can be divided into three levels: low intensity, medium intensity and high intensity.

　　Low-intensity exercise has little stimulation to the body, and the center rate of exercise process is generally less than 100 times/minute, such as walking.

　　Moderate intensity exercise stimulates the body moderately, and the center rate of exercise process is generally 100 ~ 140 times/minute, such as walking, jogging, cycling, Tai Ji Chuan, tennis doubles and so on.

　　High-intensity exercise can stimulate the body, which can further improve the fitness effect. The sports center rate exceeds 140 times/minute, such as running, fast cycling, fast-paced aerobics and fast mountain climbing, stair climbing, tennis singles, etc.

　　People with good exercise habits and good physique can do high-intensity and moderate-intensity exercise; People with certain exercise habits and good physique can use moderate intensity exercise; People who participate in physical fitness activities or are weak in physique at the beginning can exercise at moderate or low intensity. Physical exercisers can adjust their exercise intensity scientifically according to their own conditions to adapt to individual conditions when implementing the physical fitness program.

　　2. Monitoring the intensity of physical fitness activities

　　The indexes for monitoring the intensity of physical fitness activities include exercise center rate, breathing changes during exercise and self-feeling during exercise.

　　(1) monitoring the intensity of physical fitness activities with heart rate.

　　The greater the intensity of physical fitness activities, the more obvious the body and heart respond to sports stimuli and the faster the heart rate. Generally, the maximum heart rate percentage and the measured heart rate during exercise are commonly used to monitor the intensity of physical exercise.

　　The maximum heart rate refers to the fastest heartbeat frequency that can be achieved during human movement, expressed in beats/minute. There are two methods to measure the maximum heart rate: direct measurement and indirect inference. For direct measurement, it is necessary to adopt incremental load exercise testing in special testing institutions, which requires special exercise testing instruments and equipment.

　　The maximum heart rate of human body is related to age, and the maximum heart rate of normal people can be calculated by the following formula: maximum heart rate (beats/minute) =220- age (year)

　　During physical exercise, the heart rate is 85% or above the maximum heart rate, which is equivalent to high-intensity exercise; The heart rate is controlled in the range of 60% ~ 85% of the maximum heart rate, which is equivalent to moderate intensity exercise; The heart rate is controlled in the range of 50% ~ 60% of the maximum heart rate, which is equivalent to low-intensity exercise.

　　In the process of physical fitness activities, when the measured heart rate reaches more than 140 beats/minute, it is equivalent to high-intensity exercise; The heart rate is in the range of 100 ~ 140 beats/min, which is equivalent to moderate intensity exercise, and the heart rate is lower than 100 beats/min, which is equivalent to low intensity exercise.

　　(2) Monitoring the intensity of physical fitness activities by breathing.

　　Physical fitness activities cause changes in human respiratory frequency and depth, and exercise intensity can be monitored according to the changes in breathing during exercise.

　　Breathing easily: compared with the quiet state, the breathing frequency and breathing depth change little during exercise, and breathing is stable, so you can sing. The exercise heart rate in this breathing state is generally below 100 beats/min, which is equivalent to low-intensity exercise.

　　Breathing is relatively easy: the breathing depth and breathing frequency increase during exercise, and normal language communication can be achieved. The exercise heart rate is equivalent to 100 ~ 120 beats/min, which is a medium and small intensity exercise.

　　Shortness of breath: you can only speak short sentences during exercise, but you can’t fully express long sentences. The exercise heart rate is equivalent to 130 ~ 140 beats/min, which is a moderate intensity exercise.

　　Shortness of breath: it is difficult to breathe during exercise, and you can’t talk in words during exercise. Exercise heart rate generally exceeds 140 beats/min, which is a high-intensity exercise.

　　(3) Monitor the intensity of physical fitness activities with subjective physical sense.

　　Subjective physical feeling during human exercise can be divided into 6-20 grades, with light intensity exercise as easy (grade 9-10), moderate intensity exercise as slightly tired (grade 13-14) and high intensity exercise as tired (grade 15-16).

　　Subjective physical sensation levels are closely related to heart rate. The number of subjective physical sensation levels during exercise is multiplied by 10, which is equivalent to the heart rate during exercise (times/minute). For example, the number of subjective physical sensation levels in exercise is 12, which is equivalent to the heart rate of 120 beats/minute in exercise.

　　Physical exercisers can control exercise intensity through subjective physical feeling. Generally speaking, when doing moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, the subjective physical feeling is relaxed or slightly tired.

　　See Table 3 for the intensity division and monitoring of physical fitness activities.

　　3. Strength training intensity and fitness effect

　　The greater the load weight of strength exercises, the greater the exercise intensity. When doing strength exercises, the maximum repetitive load (RM) is often used to indicate the magnitude of load intensity. Maximum repetitive load refers to the maximum number of strength exercises that can be repeated when a certain load is used in muscle strength exercises. For example, when a person flexes and stretches a dumbbell, the maximum load is 20kg, and it can only be repeated once, then 20kg is the maximum repeated load (1RM) of his dumbbell. If he can repeat the flexion and extension of the load-bearing arm for 8 times at most with a load of 15 kg, then 15 kg is the maximum repeated load (8RM) of his load-bearing arm for 8 times. In non-instrumental strength training, a person can complete 8 push-ups, which is equivalent to 8RM, and so on.

　　Strength training load intensity can be divided into three levels: low intensity, medium intensity and high intensity, and strength training intensity is closely related to fitness effect.

　　High-intensity strength exercises, equivalent to 1 ~ 10rm, each load weight is repeated for 1 ~ 10 times, and each part is repeated for 2 ~ 3 groups, and the interval between groups is 2 ~ 3 minutes. High-intensity strength exercises are mainly used to improve the maximum muscle contraction strength.

　　Moderate intensity strength exercise, equivalent to 11 ~ 20rm, the repetition times of each load weight are 10 ~ 20 times, each part is repeated in 3 groups, and the interval between groups is 1 ~ 2 minutes. Moderate intensity strength exercises can be used to improve muscle strength and increase muscle volume.

　　Low-intensity strength exercise, equivalent to 20RM or above, each load weight is repeated more than 20 times, each part is repeated in 2 groups, and the interval between groups is 1 minute. Low-intensity strength exercises are mainly used to develop muscle endurance.

　　(3) Time for physical fitness activities

　　The time of each physical fitness activity directly affects the effect of physical fitness activities. Exercise time is too short, which has little effect on improving physical function; However, if the exercise time is too long, it will easily cause fatigue accumulation and will not further increase the fitness effect. For people who often participate in physical exercise, the effective physical fitness activity time is 30 ~ 90 minutes every day. In the initial stage of participating in physical fitness activities, the exercise time can be slightly shorter; After a period of physical fitness activities, the body can adapt to sports and can extend the exercise time. Physical fitness activities can be carried out once a day or several times separately, and each physical fitness activity should last for more than 10 minutes.

　　People who are used to physical fitness activities should exercise for 3-7 days a week, with 30-60 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise or 20-25 minutes of high-intensity exercise every day. In order to achieve the ideal effect of physical fitness activities, we should carry out moderate-intensity exercise for more than 150 minutes or high-intensity exercise for more than 75 minutes every week; If you have good exercise habits, and the comprehensive evaluation of exercise ability test is above good, you can do 300 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise or 150 minutes of high-intensity exercise every week, and the fitness effect is better.

Six, the content and arrangement of a physical fitness activity

　　A complete physical fitness activity should include three parts: preparation activity, basic activity and relaxation activity, as shown in Table 4.

　　(1) Preparatory activities

　　Warm-up activities refer to various physical exercises before the start of major physical fitness activities. The main function of warm-up activities is to mobilize the functional potential of heart, lungs, muscles and other organ systems in advance, so as to adapt to the upcoming various fitness activities, obtain the best exercise fitness effect, and effectively prevent acute and chronic sports injuries.

　　The preparation time is generally 5 ~ 10 minutes, which mainly includes two aspects. First, carry out proper aerobic exercise, such as brisk walking and jogging, so as to "warm up" various organ systems of the body and enter the working state in advance; The second is to carry out various traction exercises to increase joint mobility, improve the elasticity of soft tissues such as muscles and ligaments, and prevent muscle injury.

　　(2) Basic activities Basic activities are the main forms of physical exercise, including aerobic exercise, strength exercise, ball games and traditional China sports and fitness methods, and the duration is generally 30-60 minutes. In a physical fitness activity, it is necessary to choose a suitable exercise mode and control the appropriate exercise intensity and exercise time. In the arrangement of physical fitness activities in a week, physical fitness activists can have different physical fitness activities and exercise intensity according to their own situation. See Table 5 for the arrangement of exercise intensity, duration and exercise frequency of different physical fitness activities.

　　(3) Relaxation activities

　　Relaxation activities refer to all kinds of physical activities after the main physical fitness activities, mainly including low-intensity activities such as walking (or jogging) and various pulling exercises. After physical fitness activities, doing some moderate relaxation activities will help to eliminate fatigue, alleviate or avoid some uncomfortable symptoms in the body, and gradually restore the functions of various organs and systems of the body from the state of exercise to the state of quietness. Doing some traction exercises is beneficial to improve the flexibility of the body.

Seven, different stages of physical fitness activities.

　　(A) the initial physical fitness program

　　People who have just participated in physical fitness activities have less exercise load, and the duration of each physical fitness activity is relatively short, so that the body gradually adapts to the exercise load and the exercise ability is gradually improved. At the beginning of the physical fitness activity plan, you should choose the physical fitness activity mode that you like or conform to the fitness purpose. There should be a comfortable sense of fatigue after exercise, which basically disappears the next day after exercise.

　　At the beginning of physical fitness activities, the principle of increasing exercise load is to increase the daily exercise time, then increase the number of days of exercise per week, and finally increase the intensity of exercise.

　　The initial period of physical fitness activities is about 8 weeks, and the specific plan is as follows:

　　— — Exercise mode: moderate intensity aerobic exercise, ball games, China traditional exercise mode and flexibility exercise.

　　— — Exercise intensity: 55% of the maximum heart rate, gradually increasing to 60%.

　　— — Duration: Exercise for 10-20 minutes each time, and gradually increase to 30-40 minutes.

　　— — Exercise frequency: 3 days/week, gradually increasing to 5 days/week.

　　See Table 6 for an example of the initial physical fitness program.

　　(2) Medium-term sports fitness program

　　After 8 weeks of physical fitness activities, the human body basically adapts to the exercise load at the initial stage of exercise, and its physical function and exercise ability are improved, so it can enter the middle stage of physical fitness activities. At this stage, continue to increase the intensity and time of exercise, and gradually increase the time of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise to 150 minutes or more per week, so that the body can adapt to moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. The medium-term physical fitness activities last about 8 weeks, and the specific plan is as follows:

　　— — Exercise mode: maintain the initial mode of physical fitness activities; Increase strength exercises appropriately.

　　— — Exercise intensity: aerobic exercise intensity gradually increases from 60% ~ 65% of the maximum heart rate to 70% ~ 80% of the maximum heart rate; Anaerobic exercise can be arranged once a week, and the strength exercise uses a load of more than 20RM, which is repeated 6 ~ 8 times.

　　— — Duration: 30 ~ 50 minutes for each exercise; If anaerobic exercise is arranged, exercise for 10 ~ 15 minutes each time; 1 ~ 2 strength exercises once a week, 6 ~ 8 kinds of muscle strength exercises each time, and 1 ~ 2 groups are repeated for 5 ~ 10 minutes.

　　— — Exercise frequency: 3 ~ 5 days/week.

　　At this stage, the physical fitness program is basically fixed, and gradually transitions to a long-term and stable physical fitness program. See Table 7 for examples of mid-term physical fitness activities.

　　(3) Long-term physical fitness program

　　When the physical function reaches a higher level and good habits of physical fitness activities are formed, a long-term stable physical fitness activity plan suitable for one’s own characteristics should be established. Long-term and stable physical fitness activities should include at least 200-300 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise or 75-150 minutes of high-intensity exercise every week; Carry out strength exercises 2 ~ 3 times a week, and pull exercises no less than 5 times. The specific scheme is as follows:

　　— — Exercise mode: maintain the exercise mode in the middle stage of physical fitness activities.

　　— — Exercise intensity: moderate intensity exercise is equivalent to 60% ~ 80% of the maximum heart rate, and high intensity exercise reaches more than 80% of the maximum heart rate; Strength exercises are performed with a load of 10 ~ 20 rm and repeated for 10 ~ 15 times; All kinds of pulling exercises.

　　— — Duration: 30-60 minutes of moderate intensity exercise each time, or 15-25 minutes of high intensity anaerobic exercise, or alternating moderate and high intensity exercise; 8 ~ 10 kinds of muscle strength exercises, each repeated 2 ~ 3 groups, each time for 5 ~ 10 minutes of stretching exercises.

　　— — Exercise frequency: exercise for 5 ~ 7 days/week, and high-intensity exercise should not exceed 3 times per week.

　　See Table 8 for examples of long-term physical fitness activities.

　　On December 25th, Mazda6 2011 was officially listed in Shenzhen Zhongshenlian Mazda, with a price of 157,800-169,800 yuan.

　

Opening performance

　　 The 2011 model is the latest Mazda model, which is more dynamic, more fashionable and more maneuverable, perfectly interpreting the Mazda brand.ZOOM-ZOOM"The sportsmanship. A related person from FAW Mazda said that it is more fashionable, more sporty, more interesting to drive and faster to beat the heart. This is Mazda6 2011.

Speech by General Manager Shao of Shenzhen Zhongshen Lian

　　With the products coming to the store one after another, Mazda6 2011 set off a new wave of Mazda in the store. The extremely dynamic coupe style and shape, the fashion charm of the same strain, and the control strength of the "King of Curves" made Mazda6 2011 quickly become the new focus of Shenzhen auto market, thus starting the first shot of the auto market at the end of the year.

General Manager Shao of Zhongshen Lianlian and Manager Hu of Sales Department unveiled the new car.

　　　The relevant person in charge of FAW Mazda said that Mazda6 2011 is worth the money and will surely become one of the best B-class car choices for consumers.

　

Live lottery

Coupe style, leading the new fashion

　　Mazda6 2011 embodies Mazda’s consistent fashion modeling concept, and highlights the extreme sports style, as well as the extremely sporty tension and fashion charm. The sharp and elegant appearance is the outstanding feature of Mazda6 2011, which looks like the classic coupe of Mazda6.

　　Mazda6 2011 adopts bright silver bar grille as the front face shape, and adopts ten-spoke wheel tires, which reflects the sports style and design concept of the coupe. At the same time, the headlights and fog lamps with distinct three-dimensional and layered sense make Mazda6 2011 look dynamic and steady.

Play the Violin

　　The manager of FAW Mazda XX dealership stressed to the reporter that "Mazda6 has always been synonymous with fashion and dynamic, and falling in love at first sight and dynamic fashion is the overall feeling of Mazda6 2011, which reflects Mazda’s consistent sportsmanship and charm".

Manager Hu of the sales department gives the car keys to the new owner.

King of corners, control is more powerful.

　　For Mazda6, maneuverability is the innate DNA, and Mazda6 2011 perfectly inherits the reputation of "the king of curves". In terms of suspension, the front suspension adopts high-position double wishbone independent front suspension, and the rear suspension adopts multi-link independent suspension. The suspension adjustment is flexible and sporty, and the load distribution between the front and rear wheels is close to 50: 50, which makes Mazda6 2011 model have excellent cornering ability.

Award-winning riders receive awards

　　In terms of power, the 2011 Mazda performed equally well. Mazda6 2011 matching MZR2.0 engine is a mature and stable engine with strong power, ultra-low fuel consumption, with a maximum output of 108 kW and a maximum torque of 183 N/m.

Car lottery

　　Mazda6 2011 is equipped with a sensitive 5-speed manual/automatic transmission and a 6-speed manual transmission, with a maximum safe speed of 211km/h and an acceleration time of 9.7s for 0-100km. It is a rare 10second club member among mid-to high-end cars.

　　In addition, Mazda6 2011 engine applies advanced technologies such as S-VT, VIS, VTCS and VAD. By improving the intake system and timing system, the power output of the engine is more efficient, more uniform and stronger, which greatly meets the driving needs of the whole vehicle at low speed, medium speed and high speed.

Low fuel consumption and high safety.

Draw the first prize on the spot

　　In terms of fuel consumption, Mazda6 2011 stands out among all cars. Authoritative evaluation from China Automobile Industry Association shows that Mazda6 2.0L has the lowest fuel consumption in the same car, and the actual comprehensive fuel consumption of 2.0L automatic transmission is 7.97 liters/100 kilometers, while the actual comprehensive fuel consumption of 2.0L manual transmission is as low as 7.8 liters/100 kilometers.

　　In terms of safety, the performance of Mazda6 2011 is even better. In terms of active safety, Mazda6 2011 has a braking distance of 37 meters and complete high-tech electronic equipment, making driving safe and worry-free. In terms of passive safety, Mazda6 2011 has a unique 3-hour high-rigidity body, 6 airbags, anti-intrusion brake pedals, etc., and is fully equipped.

　

The first prize won the warm and cold box

　　According to industry experts’ analysis, the aesthetic feeling and handling strength of Mazda6 2011 are the soul signs of Mazda6 series models, which will surely become the key to its rapid market win.

　　From the aspects of appearance, performance and cost performance, Mazda6 2011 is still one of the most competitive models in the mid-level car camp, which raises the feeling of value for money to a new height and will become the best B-class car choice for consumers. This is also the mission of the 2011 Mazda6!　

Dealer: Shenzhen Zhongshenlian Automobile Trading Co., Ltd.

Address: A8-A9 Dongyi Automobile Plaza, Yanfang Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen

Sales hotline: 0755-25116288/13632998882

　　The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out, "Accelerate the upgrading and transformation of traditional industries in a high-end, intelligent and green way, cultivate and expand strategic emerging industries, actively develop the digital economy and modern service industry, and accelerate the construction of a modern industrial system with intelligent, green and integrated characteristics and meeting the requirements of integrity, advancement and safety". The first meeting of the 20th Central Committee of Finance and Economics held not long ago put forward that "the modern industrial system is the material and technical foundation of a modern country, and the focus of economic development must be on the real economy, so as to provide strong material support for achieving the goal of the second century". Accelerating the construction of a modern industrial system with integrity, advancement and security supported by the real economy is a major strategic task to promote Chinese modernization and a key measure for China to take the initiative to cope with the unprecedented changes in the world and win the initiative in competition.

　　From the perspective of industrial classification, the general real economy should include manufacturing, agriculture, construction, mining and other industries, of which the most core and main part is manufacturing. The main problem of the trend of "detachment from reality to virtuality" is that a large number of factors cannot effectively flow to the real economy sectors such as manufacturing, especially the repeated circulation of funds within the financial industry has significantly increased the financing cost of the real economy, thus hindering the benign development of the real economy. Building a modern industrial system supported by the real economy means forming a "science and technology — Industry — The virtuous circle of "finance" has made the contribution of scientific and technological innovation in the development of the real economy continuously improved, and the ability of modern finance to effectively serve the development of the real economy has been continuously strengthened, forming a modern industrial system in which innovation drives the development of the real economy and finance better serves the real economy, and improving the integrity, advancement and security of the modern industrial system in a targeted manner.

　　Consolidate the advantages of a complete manufacturing system

　　At present, China is the largest manufacturing country with the most complete industrial system, with 41 industrial categories, 207 industrial categories and 666 industrial subcategories. It is the only country in the world with all industrial categories in the United Nations industrial classification. The scale of China’s manufacturing industry has ranked first in the world for 13 consecutive years, accounting for nearly 30% of the global total. The complete manufacturing system and strong supporting capacity are the great advantages of China’s industrial system, which ensures that China can effectively cope with the supply shocks brought about by changes in the external environment and demonstrates China’s economic resilience. The formation of the completeness advantage of China’s industrial system is the result of successfully promoting industrialization. After the founding of New China, our Party United and led the people to carry out the socialist revolution, established the basic socialist system, and established an independent and relatively complete industrial system and national economic system. After more than 40 years of rapid development of reform and opening up, China’s industrialization level has been greatly improved, and an industrial system with complete system and huge production capacity has been built, making it the world’s largest manufacturing country and the world’s second largest economy, and successfully exploring an industrialization road in line with China’s national conditions.

　　We should also see that the world has undergone a profound change in the past century, the global industrial chain supply chain is facing restructuring, and the integrity advantage of China’s manufacturing system has been impacted. On the one hand, some enterprises have begun to move to Southeast Asia, and there is a risk that the industrial chain will move out and the supporting capacity of manufacturing industry will be damaged; On the other hand, traditional industries are facing great pressure of transformation and upgrading, and some places simply regard traditional industries as "low-end industries" through the "one size fits all" policy. To consolidate the completeness advantage of China’s manufacturing industry, firstly, we should follow the domestic version of "yan zhen Model", support and guide the central, western and northeastern regions to undertake the gradient transfer of domestic industries on the basis of fully considering the carrying capacity of resources and environment; Second, actively promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries through technological transformation, and cannot simply equate traditional industries with low-end industries and ask them to withdraw; Third, we can learn from Japan’s "mother factory" experience, encourage enterprises to build modern core factories in China and leave their core manufacturing capabilities at home; Fourth, we should pay attention to the construction of industrial clusters, strengthen the technical and economic ties among various enterprises through clusters, improve the cooperation and supporting capacity of manufacturing industry, and consolidate the advantages of the completeness of manufacturing system.

　　Promote the intelligent, green and integrated development of manufacturing industry

　　Modernization is based on the rise, spread and application of modern science and technology, and the modern industrial system should be based on advanced modern science and technology. At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is accelerating. From the perspective of technological innovation, a new generation of emerging technologies, such as information technology, new energy, new materials, bioengineering, and green low-carbon technologies, are reshaping the global technological landscape, industrial structure, and competition pattern, and the digital economy and the real economy are accelerating deep integration. From the development direction of industrial organization, manufacturing and service industries are also deeply integrated, and the development of industrial integration represents an important trend of building a modern industrial system. Generally speaking, the construction of advanced modern industrial system should reflect the development direction of intelligent, green and integrated manufacturing industry.

　　Manufacturing industry is the industry with the most active technological innovation activities, the richest technological innovation achievements, the most concentrated application of technological innovation and the strongest spillover effect of technological innovation. The advanced nature of manufacturing industry is the main embodiment of the advanced nature of modern industrial system. At present, China has made remarkable achievements in building a manufacturing power. For example, in 2022, 65 manufacturing enterprises in China were shortlisted in the list of the world’s top 500 enterprises, with more than 70,000 small and medium-sized enterprises specializing in special innovation. The high-tech manufacturing industry accounted for 15.5% of the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size, and the equipment manufacturing industry accounted for 31.8% of the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size. 45 national advanced manufacturing clusters have been cultivated, and the output of new energy vehicles and photovoltaics has remained the first in the world for many years. However, we should also see that there are still big but not strong problems in the development of China’s manufacturing industry. The overall technical level needs to be improved, and the basic ability of manufacturing industry is not strong. There are still shortcomings in core basic parts (components), advanced basic processes, basic materials, basic technologies and key basic software. Some core technologies are still subject to people, and the industrial chain is generally at the low end of the global value chain. Therefore, to build an advanced modern industrial system, we must speed up the construction of manufacturing power, quality power, aerospace power, transportation power, network power and digital China, promote the development of China’s manufacturing industry along the direction of intelligence, greening and integration, and realize the transformation from large to strong. To further build an advanced modern industrial system in the future, it is necessary to strengthen relevant measures and comprehensively promote the construction of a manufacturing power.It is necessary to thoroughly implement the industrial base reconstruction project and major technical equipment research projects, improve the national quality infrastructure, speed up the construction of a modern infrastructure system, actively promote the development of strategic emerging industries, focus on building internationally competitive digital industrial clusters, implement green manufacturing promotion projects, promote clean and low-carbon transformation in various fields of industry and transportation, promote the deep integration of modern service industries with advanced manufacturing industries and modern agriculture, realize the deep integration of digital economy and real economy, accelerate the construction of world-class enterprises and specialized and new enterprises, and further optimize the development environment of industrial chain supply chain.

　　In the new stage of development, industrial policy should be both developed and safe.

　　For a long time, the basic orientation of industrial policies in various countries is to promote the development of their own industries. However, today’s world has entered a new period of turbulence and change, with the rise of anti-globalization, unilateralism and protectionism, weak world economic recovery, intensified global problems, and increasingly prominent industrial security issues. Some countries have made clear the basic position of industrial security in the economic policy system.

　　On the new journey of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way, it is necessary to speed up the construction of a new development pattern and enhance the security initiative of development. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader clearly pointed out that it is necessary to effectively improve the resilience and safety level of the industrial chain supply chain and build a modern industrial system that is self-controllable, safe, reliable and competitive. Industrial policy should be developed and safe at the same time. It is necessary to maintain a moderate growth rate by improving the total factor productivity, improve the quality of industrial development, and focus on ensuring industrial safety. Therefore, the functional orientation of industrial management system and policy system should be expanded and adjusted to guarantee and improve the safety of industrial chain while encouraging and serving the development of industry, so as to effectively deal with the safety risks that may be caused by the superposition of multiple factors such as insufficient technology supply capacity, excessive outward transfer of labor-intensive industries, and the impact of industrial basic raw materials and energy supply. To build a safe modern industrial system, we should take the maintenance of industrial safety as the top priority, speed up the improvement of China’s industrial safety-related laws and regulations, and make it clear that industrial safety management is the pre-basic work of China’s various industrial policies, science and technology policies, competition policies and trade policies; It is necessary to speed up the establishment of an industrial safety management system with clear rights and responsibilities and close cooperation among multiple departments, improve the strategic decision-making and departmental coordination mechanism of industrial safety, and promote development and safety coordination through departmental coordination; Improve the industrial development assessment and industrial safety early warning system, build professional industrial chain safety assessment teams and institutions, and develop China’s industrial safety assessment theory and method system. of course，Emphasizing the safety of modern industrial system does not mean to build a car behind closed doors, but to actively explore ways to effectively improve the national industrial safety level and improve the resilience of industrial chain supply chain under the open economic system.

　　What needs to be clear is that the integrity, progressiveness and safety of modern industrial system are closely related. Integrity and progressiveness can promote and enhance the safety of industrial system, and safety is the premise and guarantee of building an integrated and advanced industrial system. To build a modern industrial system supported by the real economy, it is necessary to unify the three, promote them together, continuously improve the integrity of the industrial system, focus on building a number of new growth engines, enhance the resilience and safety level of the industrial chain supply chain, and consolidate the material foundation of modernization.

　　(This article Source: Economic Daily author Huang Qunhui is the director of the Institute of Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and a researcher at the New Era Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought Research Center, the supreme leader of the China Academy of Social Sciences)

People’s living standards have improved rapidly in the past two years, and buying a car is no longer a distant dream. Space and vehicle comfort are closely related, and this car is brought to you today. Let’s take a look at it next.

First of all, from the appearance, the front face of Sharp is in line with consumers’ aesthetics, and the air intake grille adopts a hexagonal shape, which makes people unforgettable. Coupled with the simple and generous headlights, it adds a bit of exquisiteness. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, automatic opening and closing, adaptive far and near light, delayed closing and so on. Come to the side of the car, the car body size is 5000MM*1961MM*1773MM, the car uses moving lines, the side gives people a very comfortable feeling, with large-size thick-walled tires, eye-catching shape. In the rear part, the rear looks very full, and the taillights give people a very delicate feeling. Coupled with the unique exhaust pipe, it is still relatively young overall.

Sitting in the car, the interior of Sharp looks cool and meets the aesthetic standards of young people. The steering wheel of the car is very cold, made of genuine leather and has a good grip. Let’s take a look at the central control. The car is equipped with a dignified touch-control LCD central control screen, which makes the interior style impressive. The overall design of the central control is very good. The dashboard and seats give people a good feeling, too. Let’s take a look. The dashboard design is remarkable and looks very personal. The car uses imitation leather seats, equipped with functions such as electric seat adjustment and seat proportion tilting, and the overall comfort is good.

Sharp matching automatic (AT) gearbox, with maximum power of 185KW and maximum torque of 378N.m, has good power performance.

Look at the configuration again. Sharp is equipped with driving mode selection, remote control key, rear wiper, interior atmosphere light, engine start and stop and other configurations.

This car performs well in terms of space and configuration. As for the design, everyone has everyone’s aesthetics. If you are concerned, you might as well experience it.

Original title: Haval second generation big dog officially listed in Qingdao, plug-in hybrid version price 162,800 yuan!

Source: Popular Newspaper · Peninsula News

Original title: Haval second generation big dog officially listed in Qingdao, plug-in hybrid version price 162,800 yuan!

Source: Popular Newspaper · Peninsula News

On March 11, Haval Dog’s first new energy model – "3/4 scale tide road car" Haval second-generation big dog was officially launched in Qingdao. The new car launched DHT-PHEV 105KM tide electric version Plus and DHT-PHEV 50KM tide electric version 2 models, the official guide price is 162,800 yuan~ 175,800 yuan. It is worth mentioning that the reporter also experienced this new energy off-road SUV of "Kecheng, Kecheng, Kecheng" in depth at the listing site!

Appearance: New front face shape enhances recognition

Haval’s second-generation big dog adopts a new front face shape. The small front grille is a chrome-plated matrix design inside, and the left and right sides are large-diameter air intakes. It cooperates with the Haval brand logo above the center to improve its recognition. At the same time, the plug-in hybrid model uses a blue logo, highlighting its identity as a new energy vehicle.

The overall body continues the style of a hard-core off-road vehicle, with muscular eyebrows and a rich waist line, with outstanding visual effects. In terms of body size, the length, width and height of the new car are 4705 mm × 1908 mm × 1780 mm, and the wheelbase is 2810 mm, which is enough to create a comfortable interior space. In addition, the minimum ground clearance of the second-generation big dog is 200 mm, with a proximity angle of 24 °, a departure angle of 30 °, and a longitudinal passing angle of 19 °, which gives it a stronger off-road hardware foundation than other city SUVs.

At the rear of the car, the new car adopts a polygonal taillight group, which cooperates with the English logo of the Haval brand in the center to further widen the lateral visual effect of the tail. The hybrid version will have special logos of "PHEV" and "DHT".

Interior and configuration: a new generation of coffee OS smart cockpit

Entering the car, the reporter found that the interior of Haval’s second-generation big dog adopts a new design style. The size of the central control screen is increased to 14.6 inches, and a row of physical buttons is retained to enhance the driver’s operation during driving. At the same time, the size of the full LCD instrument reaches 12.3 inches. In terms of materials, the center console of the new car is wrapped in leather fabric, and there is an off-road armrest in the passenger position. The new car adopts a gear shape similar to the tank 300 model, which looks more hardened.

Haval’s second-generation big dog is also equipped with a new generation of coffee OS smart cockpit, which can realize the Bluetooth connection control of the mobile phone and the vehicle. Users can control the vehicle to park in and out with one click through the mobile app. At the same time, it supports a variety of parking scenarios such as vertical/parallel/oblique columns. The farthest straight travel distance is 20 meters by remote control, and the automatic parking on the slope is less than 12%. The parking completion system automatically turns off the fire and locks.

In terms of other configurations, the new car is also equipped with a 9-inch W-HUD, 35 storage spaces, reinforced off-road handle, child seat (supports Bluetooth connection, with two smart modes of heating and ventilation), smart refrigerator (supports Bluetooth connection), smart water cup, smart humidifier, 220V reverse discharge, 50W wireless charging, camping mosquito repellent lamp, etc.

Safety: Body safety and battery safety are "good"

In the field of safety, the strength of the steel plate in the key part of the Haval second-generation big dog body is 2 quadrillion Pa, providing safety assurance with a tough attitude; 540-degree full scene perception (360 ° panoramic image + 180 ° transparent chassis) + wheel perspective, accurate observation of complex road conditions, further increase driving convenience and safety. Its body structure is designed according to the strictest test standard of Zhongbaoyan, and the roof static pressure + small overlap collision at 64 kilometers per hour + side collision at 50 kilometers per hour all reach the good level.

In addition, the battery safety of the new car is also not ambiguous. The battery shell is made of 1.6mm ultra-high-strength steel box, and the melting point of the steel shell is as high as 1500 ° C. The battery cell and the bottom of the shell are reserved for 30mm thermal insulation distance, and a large amount of thermal insulation material is filled to form a thermal insulation safety frame. At the same time, the upper and lower shell connections are sealed with high compression ratio and aging-resistant silicon foam, and the application of the industry’s special anti-high pressure water spray structure design can cope with 10MPa high pressure and 85 ° C high temperature hot water.

Power: pure electric cruising range up to 105 kilometers

In terms of power, Haval’s second-generation big dog adopts a powertrain of "1.5T hybrid special engine + 2-speed DHT", with a total power of 240 kW and a total torque of 530 Nm. And thanks to the help of DHT’s leading technology, the new car’s WLTC comprehensive fuel consumption is as low as 1.85 liters/100 kilometers, and the power loss fuel consumption is only 5.92 liters/100 kilometers; its NEDC pure electric cruising range is 105 kilometers, and the comprehensive cruising range is as long as more than 1,000 kilometers. In terms of outdoor power expansion, Haval’s second-generation big dog is equipped with a 220V reverse discharge function, with a discharge power of up to 3.3kW, and a full-oil full-charge discharge time of up to 30 hours. In addition, the new car is also equipped with an L2-level intelligent driving assistance system.

In addition, in order to meet the expectations and needs of more users, Haval’s second-generation big dog fuel version simultaneously launched 4 models, the official guide price starts from 135,800 yuan, and the car purchase enjoys the five-fold gift of Chaoye, which brings double surprises to Haval’s die-hard fans.

review

The plug-in hybrid system of Haval’s second-generation big dog is indeed a highlight. The pure electric mileage is good, and the fuel consumption is also low. In addition, the other performance of the car is also "full", which is very worth buying!

　 　　Interactive singing may become more and more audience-led in the future, but true singing remains the prerequisite for interactive singing.

　　- – – – – – – – –

　　The performance market in 2023 is exploding, and many city weekends are "contracted" by concerts. Concerts bloom, and fans don’t play according to the routine, creating many new "ways to play".

　　For example, "You don’t need to sing in person to hold a concert, fans sing for idols". Recently, singer Wu Bai has frequently been on the hot search for fans "singing on his behalf", and has been made numerous "terriers" by netizens. Even if he responds "This is not true, I have sung", it seems that no one cares except him – after all, after the concert, the audience’s singing is still enduring. It seems that Wu Bai himself does not need to appear. As long as the venue is packed and the performance date is announced, fans can successfully hold a "Wu Bai concert without Wu Bai".

　　Expressing love and support for singers through enthusiastic chorus has become more and more violent. In Miriam Yeung’s MY TREE OF LIVE world tour this year, whether it is the main songs such as "It’s a pity that I am an Aquarius" and "Small Town Events", or non-main songs such as "Kappa" and "Fireworks", can trigger a chorus; in the national tour of Mao Buyi’s "Guide to Young Birds", old songs and new songs such as "Ordinary Day", "Midsummer" and "City Evening" have all won the audience’s chorus.

　　From singing to singing, the audience and the performers have a stronger and stronger sense of interaction. In addition, writing what you want to say to the singer on the hand banner, creating a "sea of stars", and performing a song with the singer have also become highly accepted "concert rituals".

　　In 2023, people will not just "watch the concert", but "participate in the concert" at a deeper level and with more interactive fun.

　　From listening to songs to chorus, the key words are "expression" and "resonance"

　　Li Meng, a post-90s girl who works in the operation of an internet company, has been listening to concerts since she was a third-year-old. At first, she liked to sit quietly and listen. "The first time I listened to a concert was also the first time I saw my favorite singer in person, so I didn’t want the singer’s voice to be disturbed, even my own." Now she prefers to participate in the chorus, "which gives me a sense of participation, and I feel happy between singing and jumping."

　　Zhou Zhou, a bank clerk, went to a concert with friends during November 11. "My seat was next to the free ticket area, where most of the audience were not enthusiastic and sat quietly without a chorus." She said the whole concert was cold, which made the impression not good. But Zhou Zhou understood the behavior: "Everyone feels and expresses differently, and whether to sing or not is a personal choice."

　　For the chorus, Liu Jiayue expressed his disapproval. At one concert, the audience next to her sang for a night, and her voice was loud and out of tune. Liu Jiayue sighed: "I didn’t hear the singer’s voice at all, and I felt that the tickets were bought for nothing."

　　Ding Zigao, producer of Miriam Yeung’s MY TREE OF LIVE world tour and founder of Zhengxiang Culture and Entertainment Co., Ltd., believes that in the atmosphere of pop music culture, it is a common phenomenon for listeners to interact with singing. "Many pop music creations come from life, and it is easy to resonate, resulting in the phenomenon of chorus and follow-up." Ding Zigao said that Miriam Yeung’s songs connect the youth and memories of listeners. When the music that accompanied her growth plays again, scene after scene of memories will come flooding in.

　　Li Sirui, CEO of Elephant Music Group and producer of Wang Sulong’s 2023 "Party of the Century" tour, believes that the popularity of social media has made the audience’s perspective an integral part of the concert, with strong interactivity and more follow-up singing.

　　"Only after the audience has really listened to the song many times can they be able to sing along; only when the audience really resonates will they come to the concert site to sing along." Xin Zhiyu, the general manager of the Wohahaowa Music Business Center, the producer of Mao Buyi’s concert, analyzed that both ability and choice are achieved, and the audience can sing along. "For some young people, chorus is actually a kind of emotional relief." Xin Zhiyu believes that many of Mao Buyi’s songs are the emotional observation of ordinary people, which has an advantage in this regard.

　　In many concerts, the audience chorus usually only exists during a few songs, while in Wubai concerts, the chorus lasts almost the whole time. Li Shan, an associate professor at the School of Music of Capital Normal University, believes that this is special and is the result of a combination of factors: Wubai is a creative pop singer with a wide audience and a large fan base, which provides a population base for the chorus; pop music itself is closer to the public, and it is easier for the audience to sing; and in the era when Wubai became famous, the Internet was not developed, and the number of singers that the public could reach was limited, so the popular singers had a greater influence. Now that young people have more diverse entertainment methods, it is difficult for the audience to like a singer to achieve the effect of analogy with Wubai.

　　Hand banners, posters, sea of stars… make the concert full of ritual

　　From singing to singing, the audience and the performers had a stronger and stronger sense of interaction. In terms of interaction methods, some people also made hand banners and wrote the words they wanted to express to the singer; some people wore specific costumes and accessories to interact with the singer… The communication modes between the two sides were also more diverse.

　　Shan Xiaotao, a girl from Northeast China, has attended two concerts this year. Before each performance, she will specially buy clothes and glow sticks of matching colors, think about her hairstyle in advance, and make an appointment with old friends to meet. Before entering, create a sense of ceremony.

　　Liu Jiayue will also make posters in advance, writing the songs she wants to listen to, hoping to interact with the singers during the song ordering process. She specifically mentioned that there is a tacit agreement between her favorite singers and fans: stand up to listen to fast songs, sit down to enjoy slow songs, and when it comes to a specific song, turn on the phone light and swing it. "Everyone uses the lights to create a sea of stars together, and just seeing this scene makes me feel healed."

　　Li Yi, a Mao Buyi fan, said that every time she listens to Mao Buyi’s concert, she seeks a sense of "hard empathy for migrant workers", "healing by his music", and a sense of "understanding". She loves the chat sessions between Mao Buyi’s concerts and the atmosphere of his conversations with fans. Before each concert, Li Yi will carefully "review" his "time nodes and moods" that he has liked Mao Buyi over the years, and then look forward to "marking a new scale."

　　Ding Zigao believes that today’s audiences have a stronger desire to get up close and personal with the performers. "In fact, this was the case in the past, but because the technology is more mature now, the effect is more obvious." For example, the audience will make their own hand banners or raise the title of the song they want to hear to attract the attention of the performers. At the same time, the audience’s requirements for the overall appearance of the concert have also increased. "In addition to feeling the performance of the singer, they will also appreciate the stage art, clothing styling, video, sound effects, etc."

　　According to Xin Zhiyu’s observation, the current audience’s requirements for viewing experience and viewing experience are getting higher and higher, and the tolerance of organizers is decreasing. Xin Zhiyu admitted that the audience experience is the first priority in the ranking of concert value. Before the performance, his team will conduct a comprehensive investigation of the venue, such as whether the temperature of the air conditioner is suitable and whether the field of vision is blocked.

　　"Listening to music, feeling the atmosphere and releasing pressure are the main needs of the audience to watch concerts." In Li Shan’s opinion, compared with more than a decade ago, young people today are more courageous and more willing to express themselves, so there will be phenomena such as chorus and wearing specific clothes to watch concerts. "This sense of ritual does not only exist in concerts, but also appears in various activities such as football games. This is a respect for the event."

　　True singing is the prerequisite for interactive singing, and music is still the foundation of performance

　　As the audience’s demand for concert experiences increases and the desire for interaction becomes stronger, performers and organizers are exploring new performance models.

　　Mr. Xin said that "national character" and "warm emotions" were two of Mao’s characteristics. "We hope this is a pure concert that can bring a good listening experience to the audience." Based on this concept, the team designed the performance. For example, in the interactive song ordering process, Mao is not easy to choose songs to sing according to the color ratio of the live glow stick; on the day of the 520 performance, a limited playlist is used.

　　Li Sirui said that Wang Sulong’s concert held this year has set up more interactive parts: preparing Easter eggs at the clock in and outside the venue; calling on the audience to bring their own dolls to the scene; when singing "Good Times", Wang Sulong will stop to perform a sitcom, and the plot of each scene is different.

　　Li Sirui believes that the essence of a concert is to sing live and listen to live, on this basis to meet the emotional needs of fans to see the singer in person, while allowing the stage to more fully display the music and satisfy the audience’s freshness. With the diversification of entertainment forms, how to make the visual effect more shocking, the stage presentation more rich, and the interactive form more participatory, these are all added to the carrier of the concert.

　　Li Shan said that although music is not easy to improvise, interactive singing may become more and more audience-led in the future. At the same time, true singing is still the premise of interactive singing, which puts higher requirements on the ability of singers.

　　Ding Zigao believes that concerts are not just entertainment, but also the performers’ interpretation of music. Songs are the core, and at the same time, the coordination of stage art, styling and other aspects is required to present the whole music story to the audience. Miriam Yeung’s MY TREE OF LIVE world tour concert at Encore added chat and blind box selection to bring a different experience to the audience. After the performance, the team will also collect audience feedback through social platforms to modify and adjust the tour.

　　(At the request of the interviewee, Li Meng, Zhou Zhou, Liu Jiayue, Li Yi and Shan Xiaotao are all pseudonyms)

Last night, our country successfully launched the first solar exploration science and technology test satellite "Xihe" at the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center, marking our country’s entry into the era of "sun exploration". The full name of "Xihe" is the solar H α spectral detection and double super platform science and technology test satellite. What is H α? What does "double super" mean? What mysteries can this satellite detect about the sun? Jiefang Daily Shangguan News reporter interviewed Shi Wei, director of the Shanghai Planetarium Network Science Department.

The radiation that jumps from the third floor to the second floor is Hα

Hα, pronounced the "hydrogen alpha coefficient," refers to a spectral line of a hydrogen atom with a wavelength of 656.281 nanometers, which lies in the red range of visible light. What is a hydrogen atomic spectral line? According to the Bohr model of the atom, electrons do not move around the nucleus in a specific orbit within the atom, Shi Wei explained, but in an "orbit" with a quantized distribution of energy.

The so-called quantum is the inseparable smallest unit of a physical quantity. A physical quantity is quantized if it cannot be changed continuously and can only take some discrete values. It is like taking a staircase, we can only climb one step, not half. Scientists have found that many physical quantities in the microscopic world are quantized. For example, the energy of electrons in hydrogen atoms can only take one basic value – 13.6 electron volts or its 1/4, 1/9, 1/16, 1/25, etc., but not 2 times or 1/2, 1/3.

There are countless energy levels outside the nucleus of a hydrogen atom, and each energy level can be regarded as an orbital, and the energy levels are discontinuous and uneven. Although a hydrogen atom has only one electron, it can appear at any energy level and can transition between energy levels. Electrons jump from energy level "n = 3" to "n = 2", releasing light of a specific energy, which is the Hα emission line.

Electrons jump from energy level n = 3 to n = 2, releasing light of a specific energy, which is the H alpha emission line. (Source: Wikipedia)

"You can think of the orbit of an electron outside the nucleus of a hydrogen atom as the various floors of a building. The ground is the nucleus, and each floor is an energy level. From the bottom to the top, it is marked with n = 1, n = 2, n = 3, and so on." Physicists refer to the spectral lines emitted by electrons that jump from the third floor and above to the second floor as the "Balmer system" (named after the physicist John Balmer), Shi Wei said. The radiation that jumps from the third floor to the second floor is called Hα, from the fourth floor to the second floor is called Hβ, from the fifth floor to the second floor is called Hγ, and so on.

Red light H α is the brightest hydrogen spectral line in the visible spectrum. By observing this band of light, astronomers can understand the atmospheric characteristics of the solar spherical and chromospheric layers, as well as atmospheric activities such as solar prominences, and analyze the changes in atmospheric temperature, speed and other physical quantities during solar outbursts, so as to deeply study the dynamic process and physical mechanism of solar outbursts.

Full-time faces in the Hα band (Photo by Alan Friedman)

Double super platform technology has broad application prospects

The "Xihe" satellite adopts a "dual super" satellite platform design with ultra-high pointing accuracy and ultra-high stability, which greatly improves the pointing accuracy and attitude stability of the load.

In this regard, Shi Wei explained that a satellite generally consists of a platform and a load. The satellite platform is responsible for the system service and guarantee of the entire satellite, including control, propulsion, thermal control and other systems. The load is the detector that performs scientific tasks, such as CCD cameras, particle detectors, magnetometers, etc. Traditional satellite designs directly connect the load to the platform, and the directivity and stability of the load are completely realized by the platform. However, the platform is "dynamic" and the load is "static" – when the satellite is in orbit, the micro-vibration of the platform cannot be avoided, and the load needs to be accurately pointed at the target at all times, so the pointing accuracy and stability of the load are always restricted by the vibration of the platform.

In order to solve this contradiction, the satellite development team made an innovation in design, dividing the satellite platform into two cabins – the platform cabin and the payload cabin. The platform cabin contains the structure subsystem, the integrated electronic subsystem, the measurement and control subsystem, the data transmission subsystem, the power subsystem, the attitude and orbit control subsystem, the electric flotation control subsystem and the cabin connection unlocking subsystem. The payload cabin contains the structure of the payload cabin, the integrated electronics of the payload cabin and the load. The effect of "dynamic and static isolation and leader/follower coordination" is achieved by using electric flotation control between the two cabins.

Dual Supersatellite Load Design (Source: School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, Nanjing University)

Using this "airframe anti-shake" technology, the directivity and stability of the payload are improved by 1-2 orders of magnitude compared with traditional satellites, which will make the "Xihe" more accurate and stable when "taking pictures" in space, and obtain higher-quality images.

In the future, the dual super platform technology will be widely used in space missions such as high-resolution ground detailed investigation, large-scale three-dimensional mapping, and exoplanet discovery, which is expected to promote the leap-forward development of space science and technology implementation in our country.