标签： 2022上海后花园论坛

I. Background

　　Since the 21st century, with the rapid development of China’s economy and society, people’s work and lifestyle have changed, and the physical activity of residents has decreased significantly. Insufficient physical activity is the fourth independent factor leading to human death. Sports activities have become the most active, effective and economical way of life to enhance the national physique and improve the health level.
　　Our government attaches great importance to the important role of sports activities in strengthening physical fitness and improving health level. In 1995, the State Council promulgated and implemented the Outline of the National Fitness Program; In 2007, the State Council issued "Opinions on Strengthening Youth Sports to Enhance Youth Physical Fitness"; In 2014, the State Council issued "Several Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Sports Industry and Promoting Sports Consumption"; In 2016, the State Council issued the Outline of Healthy China 2030, which made clear arrangements for developing mass sports activities, advocating the new fashion of national fitness and promoting the construction of a healthy China.　　
　　Since the implementation of the National Fitness Program in 1995, China’s mass sports undertakings have developed vigorously, sports administrative departments at all levels have actively implemented the Outline of the National Fitness Program, and the youth sports work has been continuously promoted, and the awareness of sports activities has been significantly enhanced; The average area of gymnasiums and gymnasiums in China is 1.57 square meters, and the proportion of people who regularly participate in sports activities is 33.9%. The forms of sports activities for the elderly are rich and colorful, and the quality of life is improved. According to the data of the sixth census, the average life expectancy in China is 74.9 years. The social atmosphere in which sports activities have become an important means to keep fit has been formed.
　　However, we should be aware that the role of sports activities in strengthening the national physique and improving the health level has not been fully exerted, and there is still a big gap from the requirements of a healthy China. According to relevant national survey data, although the proportion of people who regularly participate in sports activities in China has increased year by year, the overweight rate and obesity rate of residents have also continued to increase, and the changes of indicators such as adolescent endurance, adult muscle strength and endurance, and elderly muscle strength are not optimistic. The incidence of chronic non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes is on the rise, and many research results of sports activities in the field of health promotion have not been fully applied to practice. Most residents have great blindness when participating in sports activities. There is still much room for improvement in physical fitness and disease prevention and control. Therefore, it is urgent to issue an authoritative guide to physical fitness activities at the national level to guide residents to engage in physical fitness activities scientifically.
　　According to the actual situation of China residents’ participation in physical fitness activities, the National Fitness Guide systematically summarizes and integrates the relevant national research results in the Tenth Five-Year Plan, the Eleventh Five-Year Plan and the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, and is compiled based on the measured data of China residents’ physical fitness. It mainly includes the effect of physical fitness activities, the test and evaluation of sports ability, the principles of physical fitness activities, the guiding scheme of physical fitness activities and so on.

Second, the effect of physical fitness activities

　　In ancient China, there was a written record of improving human health through introduction. A large number of modern research results have confirmed that regular participation in physical fitness activities can effectively enhance physical fitness, prevent diseases, and improve study and work efficiency.

　　(A) to enhance physical fitness, improve health.

　　Constitution refers to the comprehensive and relatively stable characteristics of human morphological structure, physiological function and psychological factors on the basis of heredity and acquisition. Physical fitness activities can improve the cardiopulmonary function, muscle strength, flexibility, balance and reaction ability of human body, and improve body composition, so as to achieve the effect of enhancing physical fitness and improving health level.

　　1. Improve cardiopulmonary function

　　Cardiopulmonary function is one of the core factors affecting physical fitness and health. Low cardiopulmonary function can lead to an increased risk of premature death. Regular physical activities can improve cardiac contractility and vital capacity, regulate blood pressure, improve blood lipids, have a good impact on cardiopulmonary function, and obviously improve the cardiopulmonary function and health level of teenagers, middle-aged people and the elderly.

　　2. Improve body composition

　　Body composition refers to various substances that make up the body and their proportions, which are generally expressed by body fat content and muscle weight and their ratios. Studies have confirmed that excessive body fat, especially abdominal fat, can induce cardiovascular diseases and metabolic diseases. Physical activities based on aerobic exercise can increase fat consumption, reduce body fat content, increase muscle weight and improve body composition.

　　3. Increase muscle strength

　　Strength training can improve muscle strength and muscle fatigue resistance, promote the growth and development of teenagers, make their physique stronger, prevent symptoms such as waist pain, shoulder and neck pain caused by muscle strength attenuation, improve body balance, prevent the elderly from falling, maintain bone health, and prevent and delay osteoporosis.

　　4. Improve flexibility

　　Flexibility is not only an important sports skill, but also an important activity ability in daily life. Regular traction exercises can improve the elasticity of muscles and ligaments, increase the range of physical activities of teenagers, have beautiful body posture, reduce muscle strain, and prevent and treat joint diseases of middle-aged and elderly people.

　　5. Improve the happiness index

　　Physical exercise is an effective means of psychological intervention. Physical fitness activities can increase people’s sense of pleasure, make people relax, relieve stress, form a good psychological state, get physical and psychological satisfaction, make teenagers full of vitality, middle-aged and elderly people full of vitality, and improve happiness index.

　　(B) prevention and treatment of diseases, improve the quality of life

　　Physical activity can improve the functional level of human organs, enhance the body’s immunity and prevent diseases, especially for chronic non-communicable diseases. Chronic non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and osteoporosis, are important diseases that endanger the health of Chinese residents. Regular physical activities can effectively control the inducing factors of chronic non-communicable diseases, prevent the occurrence of chronic non-communicable diseases, and at the same time, it is also an effective means to treat chronic non-communicable diseases, improve the quality of life and reduce premature death caused by improper lifestyle and insufficient physical activity.

　　1. Cardiovascular disease

　　The prevalence of cardiovascular disease among Chinese residents is on the rise, and cardiovascular death ranks first among the total causes of death among urban and rural residents. Regular physical activities can reduce the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, effectively prevent cardiovascular diseases and promote the rehabilitation of patients with cardiovascular diseases by improving heart function and vascular elasticity, lowering blood pressure, reducing inflammatory factors and regulating blood lipids.

　　2. Diabetes

　　Diabetes is one of the common chronic diseases, and type 2 diabetes is the most common. Regular physical activity can regulate glucose metabolism, reduce blood sugar, improve the sensitivity of target cells to insulin, effectively prevent and treat type 2 diabetes, and delay the occurrence and development of complications. Physical activity can enhance the physique of diabetic patients and improve their quality of life.

　　3. Overweight and obesity

　　Overweight and obesity are characterized by weight gain and are usually expressed by body mass index (BMI). Overweight and obesity are related to many chronic diseases, including hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes, some cancers and various musculoskeletal diseases. The most effective means to prevent and reduce obesity are physical activity and diet balance. Physical activity is the most active method to prevent and control obesity, which can help obese people control their weight, improve their physiological function, prevent weight rebound after losing weight and reduce the occurrence of chronic diseases related to obesity.

　　4. Osteoporosis

　　Osteoporosis is a bone tissue disease characterized by decreased bone density, changes in microstructure of bone tissue, and increased fracture susceptibility. Physical activity helps to increase bone mass, improve bone structure, slow down the loss of bone mass caused by aging, prevent falls and reduce the risk of osteoporotic fractures by enhancing muscle strength and balance.

　　5. Cancer

　　Cancer, also known as malignant tumor, ranks second among the total causes of death among Chinese residents. Physical activity can reduce the risk of breast cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer and other cancers, relieve the pain of postoperative treatment of cancer patients, and improve the survival rate and quality of life of cancer patients. The World Health Organization estimates that more than 30% of cancers can be prevented by physical activities.

　　6. Depression

　　Depression, also known as depressive disorder. In recent years, the incidence of depression in China is on the rise. Physical fitness activities can change the chemical composition of the brain, cause good emotional and state responses, effectively prevent depression, and have a positive intervention effect on patients with mild to moderate depression.

　　(C) improve the efficiency of study and work

　　Physical fitness activities can improve people’s cognitive ability and make people concentrate. Regular physical fitness activities can reduce the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters, delay central fatigue, have a good impact on the nervous system, help improve the learning efficiency and academic performance of teenagers, extend the effective working hours of adults and improve work efficiency.

Third, the sports ability test and evaluation

　　Sports ability refers to the ability of the human body to engage in sports activities. The sports ability test and evaluation of this guide includes single sports ability test and evaluation and comprehensive sports ability evaluation. Before engaging in sports activities, the human body should comprehensively test and evaluate the indexes related to sports ability, so as to scientifically formulate personalized sports activities programs. At different stages of engaging in sports activities, we should regularly carry out sports ability tests to objectively evaluate the effect of sports activities and ensure the safety and effectiveness of sports activities.

　　(A) individual sports ability test and evaluation

　　Single exercise ability test includes aerobic exercise ability, muscle strength, flexibility, balance and reaction ability test. The evaluation of individual sports ability adopts a five-point system, with 5 being excellent, 4 being good, 3 being medium, 2 being poor and 1 being poor.

　　1. Aerobic exercise ability

　　Aerobic exercise ability reflects the ability of human body to carry out aerobic exercise for a long time, which is closely related to cardiopulmonary function. Strong aerobic exercise ability indicates good cardiopulmonary function. Good aerobic exercise ability is an important sign of good health. Regular participation in sports activities can maintain and improve the aerobic exercise ability of human body.

　　Maximum oxygen uptake is an important index to evaluate aerobic exercise ability.

　　2. Muscle strength

　　Muscle strength is the ability of muscles to overcome or resist resistance when they are nervous or contracting. Muscle strength test indicators include grip strength, back strength, push-ups, sit-ups, vertical jump test and so on.

　　3. Flexibility, balance and reaction ability

　　Flexibility refers to the range of motion of each joint during physical activity and the elasticity and stretching ability of ligaments, tendons, muscles, skin and other tissues across the joint. Good flexibility can increase the range of motion and reduce sports injuries.

　　② Balance refers to the ability to maintain body posture or control the center of gravity. Balance ability is the basis of static and dynamic activities. Good balance ability can effectively prevent all kinds of injuries caused by falls.

　　③ Reaction ability mainly refers to the ability of the human central nervous system to consciously control the rapid movement of the skeletal muscle system after receiving certain instructions or stimuli, which embodies the coordination between the nerve and the muscle system.

　　(2) Comprehensive sports ability evaluation

　　Cardiopulmonary function is one of the most important factors affecting human health, and aerobic exercise ability is closely related to cardiopulmonary function. Therefore, aerobic exercise ability is ranked first in the comprehensive exercise ability evaluation system, with a weight of 40%.

　　Obesity can induce a variety of chronic diseases and become an important risk factor for public health. BMI is an index reflecting the degree of obesity. In view of the important role of BMI in the evaluation system of physical fitness and health, and its obvious influence on sports ability, BMI is included in the comprehensive evaluation system of sports ability, with a weight of 20%.

　　The calculation formula of BMI is: weight (kg) divided by the square of height (m) [BMI= weight (kg)/height 2 (m 2)]. The normal range of BMI in Chinese is greater than 18.5 and less than 24, with BMI equal to or greater than 24 being overweight and equal to or greater than 28 being obese.

　　Muscle strength is closely related to exercise ability and quality of life, and its weight is 20%. The weights of flexibility, balance and responsiveness are 10%, 5% and 5% respectively.

　　According to the weights and coefficients of different individual sports ability indexes in the comprehensive sports ability evaluation, the comprehensive sports ability score is calculated, and the calculation method is as follows:

　　Comprehensive athletic ability score = aerobic athletic ability score ×8+ muscle strength score ×4+BMI score ×4+ flexibility score ×2+ balance ability score ×1+ reaction ability score ×1.

　　The comprehensive sports ability evaluation adopts four grades: 85 or above is excellent, 75 or above is good, 60 or above is qualified, and less than 60 is poor.

Fourth, the principle of physical fitness activities

　　Engaged in physical fitness activities, we must follow the following principles and develop good habits of physical fitness activities.

　　(A) the principle of safety

　　The principle of safety refers to that in the process of physical fitness activities, it is the primary principle to ensure that sports participants do not appear or try to avoid sports injury accidents. Before starting physical fitness activities, you should have a physical examination, comprehensively evaluate your physical condition and sports ability, and make a physical fitness program suitable for your own characteristics. Make full preparations before physical fitness activities, and do a good job of sorting out and relaxing after physical fitness activities.

　　(B) the principle of all-round development

　　The principle of all-round development means that in physical fitness activities, all parts of the body should participate in sports, so that the functional level of various organ systems can be generally improved, not only to improve cardiopulmonary function and immune ability, but also to improve physical fitness such as muscle strength and flexibility. Therefore, it is necessary to choose physical fitness activities involving the main muscle groups of the whole body to achieve all-round development results.

　　(3) The principle of gradual progress

　　The principle of gradual progress refers to scientifically and gradually increasing the time and intensity of physical fitness activities. The principle of step by step emphasizes that according to one’s adaptability to physical fitness activities, one should gradually increase the exercise load, so as to improve one’s physical function and athletic ability continuously, so as to achieve the best physical fitness activities.

　　(D) the principle of individuality

　　The principle of individuation refers to making individualized exercise and fitness programs according to everyone’s genetic characteristics, functional characteristics and exercise habits. When making an exercise and fitness program, it is necessary to carry out necessary medical examination and exercise ability test in order to understand everyone’s specific situation and make the exercise and fitness program more personalized.

Five, physical fitness program elements

　　To make a plan of physical fitness activities, we should mainly consider three basic elements: the way of physical fitness activities, the intensity of physical fitness activities and the time of physical fitness activities.

　　(A) Physical fitness activities

　　Physical exercise mode is the specific fitness means and methods adopted by physical fitness activists. According to the sports characteristics of different sports fitness activities, sports fitness activities can be classified into five categories: aerobic exercise, strength exercise, ball games, traditional sports in China and traction exercise.

　　1. Aerobic exercise

　　Aerobic exercise refers to the rhythmic periodic exercise in which the main muscle groups of the whole body participate under the condition of sufficient oxygen supply. During aerobic exercise, the main muscle groups of the whole body participate in the work, which can improve the human function in an all-round way and is the most popular way of physical activity at home and abroad. Aerobic exercise is divided into moderate intensity exercise and high intensity exercise. Moderate exercise intensity mainly includes fitness walking, jogging (6 ~ 8 km/h), cycling (12 ~ 16 km/h), mountain climbing, stair climbing, swimming, etc. High-intensity exercise mainly includes running (more than 8 km/h) and cycling (more than 16 km/h). Moderate intensity aerobic exercise has a steady rhythm and is the safest way for middle-aged and elderly people to exercise.

　　People should take aerobic exercise as the basic way of physical activity when doing physical fitness activities, and those who take improving cardiopulmonary function, losing weight, regulating blood pressure and improving blood lipid as the main purposes can choose aerobic exercise as the first choice.

　　2. Strength exercises

　　Strength training refers to the way that the human body overcomes resistance and improves muscle strength. Strength exercises include non-instrumental strength exercises and instrumental strength exercises. Non-instrumental exercises refer to strength exercises to overcome one’s own resistance, including push-ups, vertical jumping in situ, sit-ups, etc. Instrument strength exercise refers to the strength exercise that the human body carries out on various strength exercise instruments.

　　Strength exercises can improve muscle strength, increase muscle volume, develop muscle endurance, and promote bone development and bone health. Teenagers’ strength exercises can obviously improve their physical fitness and make their bodies stronger; After adulthood, with the growth of age, strength exercises should be increased year by year; Strength exercises for the elderly can improve their balance ability and prevent all kinds of accidental injuries caused by physical falls.

　　3. Ball games

　　Ball games include direct physical contact ball games and indirect physical contact ball games. The former includes basketball, football, rugby, hockey, ice hockey, etc. The latter includes volleyball, table tennis, badminton, tennis, gateball and softball.

　　Ball games are interesting, and participants’ interest in sports can be improved through competition and confrontation. Ball games have certain special technical requirements and need good physical fitness as the foundation. Regular participation in ball games can improve the body’s cardiopulmonary function, muscle strength and reaction ability, and adjust the psychological state, which is the first choice for teenagers.

　　4. Traditional sports in China.

　　Traditional sports in China include Wushu and Qigong. Specific forms of activities include Tai Ji Chuan (sword), Mulan Boxing (sword), martial arts routines, Wuqin Opera, Baduanjin, Yijinjing, Six-character Tactics and so on.

　　China’s traditional sports and fitness methods are gentle, soft and rigid, and emphasize the combination of ideas and physical activities, which has a unique health-keeping effect. It can improve the cardiopulmonary function and balance ability of human body, improve the function of nervous system and adjust mental state, and has good safety.

　　People, especially middle-aged and elderly people, whose main fitness purpose is to improve their balance, flexibility and coordination, improve their heart and lung functions and adjust their mental state can choose the traditional exercise and fitness methods in China.

　　5. Pulling exercises

　　Traction exercises include static traction exercises and dynamic traction exercises. Various traction exercises can increase the range of motion of joints, improve sports skills and reduce sports injuries.

　　Static traction includes positive pressure leg, side leg press, shoulder pressing, etc. Dynamic traction includes forward kicking, side kicking, waist swinging, etc. Those who take part in physical fitness activities for the first time should focus on static traction exercises, and gradually increase the content of dynamic traction exercises with the improvement of flexibility.

　　See Table 1 for the fitness effects of different sports activities.

　　Recommend sports activities according to the purpose of sports and fitness;

　　— — Physical exercisers whose main purpose is to improve their physical fitness and strengthen their bodies choose their favorite physical fitness activities that can be adhered to for a long time, such as aerobic exercise, ball games and traditional China fitness exercises.

　　— — Physical exercisers whose main purpose is to improve heart and lung function should choose aerobic exercise, ball games and other physical fitness activities in which the whole body muscles participate.

　　— — Physical exercisers whose main purpose is to reduce weight should choose long-term aerobic exercise. Long-term and moderate-intensity physical fitness activities can increase body fat consumption and reduce fat content. Long-term brisk walking, jogging and cycling are ideal exercise methods to reduce weight.

　　— — Physical exercisers whose main purpose is to adjust their mental state should choose various recreational ball games and traditional China sports such as Tai Ji Chuan and Qigong, so as to relieve their psychological pressure and improve their sleep.

　　— — Sports athletes whose main purpose is to increase muscle strength can choose instrumental strength exercises and non-instrumental strength exercises according to their own fitness needs and conditions. The effect of strength exercises is related to strength load and repetition times. Generally, strength exercises with large load and few repetitions mainly develop muscle strength, while strength exercises with small load and multiple repetitions mainly develop muscle endurance.

　　— — Physical exercisers with the main purpose of improving flexibility can choose various pulling exercises, especially in the preparation and relaxation stages, which can not only save physical exercise time, but also achieve better fitness results. Various aerobic exercises, aerobics, Tai Ji Chuan, Qigong and yoga can improve flexibility.

　　— — Physical exercisers whose main purpose is to improve their balance ability can choose various special balance training methods, including sitting balance ability exercise, standing balance ability exercise and sports balance ability exercise. Tai Ji Chuan (sword), table tennis, badminton, tennis, softball and other sports can also improve the balance ability of the human body.

　　— — Physical exercisers whose main purpose is to improve their reaction ability can choose various ball games, such as table tennis, badminton, basketball, football and tennis, which can improve their reaction ability.

　　See Table 2 for the recommended sports activities according to the purpose of sports and fitness.

　　(B) the intensity of physical fitness activities

　　The intensity of physical fitness activities is an important content of making physical fitness activities plan. The intensity is too small, and there is no obvious fitness effect; Excessive intensity is not only bad for fitness, but also may cause sports injuries.

　　1, the intensity of physical fitness activities.

　　The intensity of physical fitness activities can be divided into three levels: low intensity, medium intensity and high intensity.

　　Low-intensity exercise has little stimulation to the body, and the center rate of exercise process is generally less than 100 times/minute, such as walking.

　　Moderate intensity exercise stimulates the body moderately, and the center rate of exercise process is generally 100 ~ 140 times/minute, such as walking, jogging, cycling, Tai Ji Chuan, tennis doubles and so on.

　　High-intensity exercise can stimulate the body, which can further improve the fitness effect. The sports center rate exceeds 140 times/minute, such as running, fast cycling, fast-paced aerobics and fast mountain climbing, stair climbing, tennis singles, etc.

　　People with good exercise habits and good physique can do high-intensity and moderate-intensity exercise; People with certain exercise habits and good physique can use moderate intensity exercise; People who participate in physical fitness activities or are weak in physique at the beginning can exercise at moderate or low intensity. Physical exercisers can adjust their exercise intensity scientifically according to their own conditions to adapt to individual conditions when implementing the physical fitness program.

　　2. Monitoring the intensity of physical fitness activities

　　The indexes for monitoring the intensity of physical fitness activities include exercise center rate, breathing changes during exercise and self-feeling during exercise.

　　(1) monitoring the intensity of physical fitness activities with heart rate.

　　The greater the intensity of physical fitness activities, the more obvious the body and heart respond to sports stimuli and the faster the heart rate. Generally, the maximum heart rate percentage and the measured heart rate during exercise are commonly used to monitor the intensity of physical exercise.

　　The maximum heart rate refers to the fastest heartbeat frequency that can be achieved during human movement, expressed in beats/minute. There are two methods to measure the maximum heart rate: direct measurement and indirect inference. For direct measurement, it is necessary to adopt incremental load exercise testing in special testing institutions, which requires special exercise testing instruments and equipment.

　　The maximum heart rate of human body is related to age, and the maximum heart rate of normal people can be calculated by the following formula: maximum heart rate (beats/minute) =220- age (year)

　　During physical exercise, the heart rate is 85% or above the maximum heart rate, which is equivalent to high-intensity exercise; The heart rate is controlled in the range of 60% ~ 85% of the maximum heart rate, which is equivalent to moderate intensity exercise; The heart rate is controlled in the range of 50% ~ 60% of the maximum heart rate, which is equivalent to low-intensity exercise.

　　In the process of physical fitness activities, when the measured heart rate reaches more than 140 beats/minute, it is equivalent to high-intensity exercise; The heart rate is in the range of 100 ~ 140 beats/min, which is equivalent to moderate intensity exercise, and the heart rate is lower than 100 beats/min, which is equivalent to low intensity exercise.

　　(2) Monitoring the intensity of physical fitness activities by breathing.

　　Physical fitness activities cause changes in human respiratory frequency and depth, and exercise intensity can be monitored according to the changes in breathing during exercise.

　　Breathing easily: compared with the quiet state, the breathing frequency and breathing depth change little during exercise, and breathing is stable, so you can sing. The exercise heart rate in this breathing state is generally below 100 beats/min, which is equivalent to low-intensity exercise.

　　Breathing is relatively easy: the breathing depth and breathing frequency increase during exercise, and normal language communication can be achieved. The exercise heart rate is equivalent to 100 ~ 120 beats/min, which is a medium and small intensity exercise.

　　Shortness of breath: you can only speak short sentences during exercise, but you can’t fully express long sentences. The exercise heart rate is equivalent to 130 ~ 140 beats/min, which is a moderate intensity exercise.

　　Shortness of breath: it is difficult to breathe during exercise, and you can’t talk in words during exercise. Exercise heart rate generally exceeds 140 beats/min, which is a high-intensity exercise.

　　(3) Monitor the intensity of physical fitness activities with subjective physical sense.

　　Subjective physical feeling during human exercise can be divided into 6-20 grades, with light intensity exercise as easy (grade 9-10), moderate intensity exercise as slightly tired (grade 13-14) and high intensity exercise as tired (grade 15-16).

　　Subjective physical sensation levels are closely related to heart rate. The number of subjective physical sensation levels during exercise is multiplied by 10, which is equivalent to the heart rate during exercise (times/minute). For example, the number of subjective physical sensation levels in exercise is 12, which is equivalent to the heart rate of 120 beats/minute in exercise.

　　Physical exercisers can control exercise intensity through subjective physical feeling. Generally speaking, when doing moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, the subjective physical feeling is relaxed or slightly tired.

　　See Table 3 for the intensity division and monitoring of physical fitness activities.

　　3. Strength training intensity and fitness effect

　　The greater the load weight of strength exercises, the greater the exercise intensity. When doing strength exercises, the maximum repetitive load (RM) is often used to indicate the magnitude of load intensity. Maximum repetitive load refers to the maximum number of strength exercises that can be repeated when a certain load is used in muscle strength exercises. For example, when a person flexes and stretches a dumbbell, the maximum load is 20kg, and it can only be repeated once, then 20kg is the maximum repeated load (1RM) of his dumbbell. If he can repeat the flexion and extension of the load-bearing arm for 8 times at most with a load of 15 kg, then 15 kg is the maximum repeated load (8RM) of his load-bearing arm for 8 times. In non-instrumental strength training, a person can complete 8 push-ups, which is equivalent to 8RM, and so on.

　　Strength training load intensity can be divided into three levels: low intensity, medium intensity and high intensity, and strength training intensity is closely related to fitness effect.

　　High-intensity strength exercises, equivalent to 1 ~ 10rm, each load weight is repeated for 1 ~ 10 times, and each part is repeated for 2 ~ 3 groups, and the interval between groups is 2 ~ 3 minutes. High-intensity strength exercises are mainly used to improve the maximum muscle contraction strength.

　　Moderate intensity strength exercise, equivalent to 11 ~ 20rm, the repetition times of each load weight are 10 ~ 20 times, each part is repeated in 3 groups, and the interval between groups is 1 ~ 2 minutes. Moderate intensity strength exercises can be used to improve muscle strength and increase muscle volume.

　　Low-intensity strength exercise, equivalent to 20RM or above, each load weight is repeated more than 20 times, each part is repeated in 2 groups, and the interval between groups is 1 minute. Low-intensity strength exercises are mainly used to develop muscle endurance.

　　(3) Time for physical fitness activities

　　The time of each physical fitness activity directly affects the effect of physical fitness activities. Exercise time is too short, which has little effect on improving physical function; However, if the exercise time is too long, it will easily cause fatigue accumulation and will not further increase the fitness effect. For people who often participate in physical exercise, the effective physical fitness activity time is 30 ~ 90 minutes every day. In the initial stage of participating in physical fitness activities, the exercise time can be slightly shorter; After a period of physical fitness activities, the body can adapt to sports and can extend the exercise time. Physical fitness activities can be carried out once a day or several times separately, and each physical fitness activity should last for more than 10 minutes.

　　People who are used to physical fitness activities should exercise for 3-7 days a week, with 30-60 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise or 20-25 minutes of high-intensity exercise every day. In order to achieve the ideal effect of physical fitness activities, we should carry out moderate-intensity exercise for more than 150 minutes or high-intensity exercise for more than 75 minutes every week; If you have good exercise habits, and the comprehensive evaluation of exercise ability test is above good, you can do 300 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise or 150 minutes of high-intensity exercise every week, and the fitness effect is better.

Six, the content and arrangement of a physical fitness activity

　　A complete physical fitness activity should include three parts: preparation activity, basic activity and relaxation activity, as shown in Table 4.

　　(1) Preparatory activities

　　Warm-up activities refer to various physical exercises before the start of major physical fitness activities. The main function of warm-up activities is to mobilize the functional potential of heart, lungs, muscles and other organ systems in advance, so as to adapt to the upcoming various fitness activities, obtain the best exercise fitness effect, and effectively prevent acute and chronic sports injuries.

　　The preparation time is generally 5 ~ 10 minutes, which mainly includes two aspects. First, carry out proper aerobic exercise, such as brisk walking and jogging, so as to "warm up" various organ systems of the body and enter the working state in advance; The second is to carry out various traction exercises to increase joint mobility, improve the elasticity of soft tissues such as muscles and ligaments, and prevent muscle injury.

　　(2) Basic activities Basic activities are the main forms of physical exercise, including aerobic exercise, strength exercise, ball games and traditional China sports and fitness methods, and the duration is generally 30-60 minutes. In a physical fitness activity, it is necessary to choose a suitable exercise mode and control the appropriate exercise intensity and exercise time. In the arrangement of physical fitness activities in a week, physical fitness activists can have different physical fitness activities and exercise intensity according to their own situation. See Table 5 for the arrangement of exercise intensity, duration and exercise frequency of different physical fitness activities.

　　(3) Relaxation activities

　　Relaxation activities refer to all kinds of physical activities after the main physical fitness activities, mainly including low-intensity activities such as walking (or jogging) and various pulling exercises. After physical fitness activities, doing some moderate relaxation activities will help to eliminate fatigue, alleviate or avoid some uncomfortable symptoms in the body, and gradually restore the functions of various organs and systems of the body from the state of exercise to the state of quietness. Doing some traction exercises is beneficial to improve the flexibility of the body.

Seven, different stages of physical fitness activities.

　　(A) the initial physical fitness program

　　People who have just participated in physical fitness activities have less exercise load, and the duration of each physical fitness activity is relatively short, so that the body gradually adapts to the exercise load and the exercise ability is gradually improved. At the beginning of the physical fitness activity plan, you should choose the physical fitness activity mode that you like or conform to the fitness purpose. There should be a comfortable sense of fatigue after exercise, which basically disappears the next day after exercise.

　　At the beginning of physical fitness activities, the principle of increasing exercise load is to increase the daily exercise time, then increase the number of days of exercise per week, and finally increase the intensity of exercise.

　　The initial period of physical fitness activities is about 8 weeks, and the specific plan is as follows:

　　— — Exercise mode: moderate intensity aerobic exercise, ball games, China traditional exercise mode and flexibility exercise.

　　— — Exercise intensity: 55% of the maximum heart rate, gradually increasing to 60%.

　　— — Duration: Exercise for 10-20 minutes each time, and gradually increase to 30-40 minutes.

　　— — Exercise frequency: 3 days/week, gradually increasing to 5 days/week.

　　See Table 6 for an example of the initial physical fitness program.

　　(2) Medium-term sports fitness program

　　After 8 weeks of physical fitness activities, the human body basically adapts to the exercise load at the initial stage of exercise, and its physical function and exercise ability are improved, so it can enter the middle stage of physical fitness activities. At this stage, continue to increase the intensity and time of exercise, and gradually increase the time of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise to 150 minutes or more per week, so that the body can adapt to moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. The medium-term physical fitness activities last about 8 weeks, and the specific plan is as follows:

　　— — Exercise mode: maintain the initial mode of physical fitness activities; Increase strength exercises appropriately.

　　— — Exercise intensity: aerobic exercise intensity gradually increases from 60% ~ 65% of the maximum heart rate to 70% ~ 80% of the maximum heart rate; Anaerobic exercise can be arranged once a week, and the strength exercise uses a load of more than 20RM, which is repeated 6 ~ 8 times.

　　— — Duration: 30 ~ 50 minutes for each exercise; If anaerobic exercise is arranged, exercise for 10 ~ 15 minutes each time; 1 ~ 2 strength exercises once a week, 6 ~ 8 kinds of muscle strength exercises each time, and 1 ~ 2 groups are repeated for 5 ~ 10 minutes.

　　— — Exercise frequency: 3 ~ 5 days/week.

　　At this stage, the physical fitness program is basically fixed, and gradually transitions to a long-term and stable physical fitness program. See Table 7 for examples of mid-term physical fitness activities.

　　(3) Long-term physical fitness program

　　When the physical function reaches a higher level and good habits of physical fitness activities are formed, a long-term stable physical fitness activity plan suitable for one’s own characteristics should be established. Long-term and stable physical fitness activities should include at least 200-300 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise or 75-150 minutes of high-intensity exercise every week; Carry out strength exercises 2 ~ 3 times a week, and pull exercises no less than 5 times. The specific scheme is as follows:

　　— — Exercise mode: maintain the exercise mode in the middle stage of physical fitness activities.

　　— — Exercise intensity: moderate intensity exercise is equivalent to 60% ~ 80% of the maximum heart rate, and high intensity exercise reaches more than 80% of the maximum heart rate; Strength exercises are performed with a load of 10 ~ 20 rm and repeated for 10 ~ 15 times; All kinds of pulling exercises.

　　— — Duration: 30-60 minutes of moderate intensity exercise each time, or 15-25 minutes of high intensity anaerobic exercise, or alternating moderate and high intensity exercise; 8 ~ 10 kinds of muscle strength exercises, each repeated 2 ~ 3 groups, each time for 5 ~ 10 minutes of stretching exercises.

　　— — Exercise frequency: exercise for 5 ~ 7 days/week, and high-intensity exercise should not exceed 3 times per week.

　　See Table 8 for examples of long-term physical fitness activities.

CCTV News:Driven by the Beijing Winter Olympics, the ice and snow movement has been widely carried out, and the ice and snow that used to be a "cold resource" has gradually transformed into a "hot economy" that drives high-quality development.

Xinjiang, which is rich in ice and snow resources, is now in the hot summer. In the Jiangjunshan International Ski Resort in Altay City, the construction of the tourist service center project is in full swing, and the sound of the scene is rumbling, and the workers are scrambling for the construction period and working together to strive for 2022— Put into use in the snow season of 2023.

Altay’s continued investment in ice and snow facilities lies in the 97% increase in the number of tourists received in the snow season last year. Thanks to this, this year Xinjiang will also complete the construction of Huocheng Ice and Snow Town, the expansion of Nalati Ski Resort and Sailimu Lake Ski Resort. On a nationwide scale, despite the impact of the epidemic, the number of ski tourists in the country has maintained an increasing trend. The ice and snow industry is becoming the new engine of economic development in many areas rich in ice and snow resources.

　　　　　　 Peng Weiyong, Deputy Director of Sports Economics Department of State Sports General Administration:2021— In the snow season of 2022, the number of ice and snow tourists reached 312 million, and the tourism income reached 390 billion yuan. The facilities of ice and snow venues have been greatly improved. Now our skiing population has reached 15 million, and the number of skiers has reached 21 million. On the whole, our scale, social subjects and skiing population are constantly expanding, showing a good trend.

As a country with a late development of ice and snow sports, China has always been considered that ice and snow resources are not rich. However, the research findings of the Institute of Geography of Chinese Academy of Sciences in recent years show that China is rich in ice and snow resources, and there are still a large number of high-quality ice and snow resources that have not yet been developed.

Entrusted by the relevant state departments, the Institute of Geography of Chinese Academy of Sciences began to investigate China’s land ice and snow resources in 2010. It is found that the comprehensive conditions of China’s ice and snow resources are comparable to those of internationally famous ice and snow tourist destinations, such as the European Alps, the Loki Mountains in North America, Northeast Asia, Japan and South Korea, and it is one of the best ski tourism resource-rich areas in the world. In addition to the traditional northeast and north China, especially the northwest region has obvious advantages in key indicators such as vertical drop, snowfall and snow storage period.

Li Yu, researcher of Institute of Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences:In recent years, we have made a general survey of resources, and initially found that in Xinjiang, the focus is on Altay in Xinjiang, including Ili Prefecture. We believe that it should be in the first echelon in terms of quality, quantity and volume.

According to reports, in 2021, there will be 52 international large-scale ski resorts with more than 1 million skiers in the single snow season, of which 79% will be in the Alps; In this respect, China is still blank and has great potential for future development. However, experts also said that the construction of large-scale ski resorts should be scientifically evaluated from local natural resources, location advantages, environmental protection and other aspects, and it is forbidden to blindly follow the trend of development.

Li Yu, researcher of Institute of Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences:From the orientation of the main function of the country and the spatial planning of the country, the core area of the clear ecological red line area should be firmly fixed. In addition, in the area south of the Yangtze River, I personally think that outdoor ski resorts should be at least strictly restricted (built) and the development of indoor ski resorts should be encouraged.

Let’s go back to the Baidu AI Developers Conference in 2017.

COO Lu Qi took the lead in making his debut. At 10 o’clock in the morning, he stepped onto the stage on time, occupying the field of vision of 5000 spectators, and blasting a value judgment into the minds of on-site and off-site users:AI will bring mankind into a new era just like the previous three industrial revolutions.

Lu Qi’s voice is firm, powerful and full of confidence, and there is no doubt: "We can definitely lead!"

"AI is an opportunity for Baidu, All In AI."With a wave of his right hand, Lu Qi put his index finger up, calmly "stud" and bet on the whole Baidu.

Luqi

At the end of the meeting, Liu Ji wanting more, announced on the spot:In 2020, Baidu can realize automatic driving of high-speed and urban roads.

Ok, now we can travel back to May 2020. At this time, Lu Qi has left Baidu for two years, and the situation of the artificial intelligence industry has changed greatly.Automatic driving on the high speed is far away.

Wave Computing, a foreign star AI company, laid off its employees and filed for bankruptcy protection. Horizon, a domestic AI head company, was laid off by 50%. At the beginning of this year, the report of Cheetah Global Think Tank showed that the financing amount of AI enterprises experienced a cliff-like decline after 18 years of continuous increase. Compared with 2018, the amount of financing in 2019 decreased from 148.45 billion to 96.727 billion, a decrease of 34.8%, and the amount of financing decreased from 737 to 431, a decrease of 40%.

Since the second half of 2019, IPO plans have been successively spread from Defiance Technology, Shangtang Technology, Yuncong Technology, Excellent Choice and Cambrian. Regrettably, after six months’ application for listing, the status of Defiance was still invalid. Shang Tang was delayed to go public and turned to private equity market for financing. According to the "investment circle" report, Defiance and Shang Tang were frustrated in listing one after another because the valuation was not recognized. CAMBRIAN was asked 20 questions by Shanghai Stock Exchange after applying for listing in science and technology innovation board.

The capital market, which was greeted with smiles before, was completely faceless. Gone are the days when artificial intelligence companies could get high valuations by putting AI tags on PPT two years ago.

At this time, Baidu was caught in a full-scale war with ByteDance. Li Yanhong should have discovered it long ago.All In AI is not an opportunity for Baidu, but a big pit for Baidu.

Today’s situation is particularly clear:The era has emerged, that is, the great migration of content competition from graphic to video. The new traffic generated by this great migration will profoundly affect the entire Internet industry in China. Which big company dominates this great migration will be able to hold the gate of traffic distribution in its own hands, just as Tencent has done in the past 10 years.

Baidu has fallen behind from BAT, which has long been a recognized fact. Today, the market value of Meituan exceeds 100 billion US dollars, and the most unpleasant thing may be Li Yanhong. Although the news of "Baidu delisting" was officially denied, it may not be without reason.

If you want to restore your former glory and re-tie with Erma,The ongoing content ecological war is just one of the few opportunities for Li Yanhong, if not the only one.

Li Yanhong has obviously realized this, so he will vigorously support the live broadcast platform. Baidu executives announced that they will give live broadcast of 10 billion traffic+500 million cash support. However, because it is too late to launch, live broadcast and even the whole short video field, it is already an almost impossible task for Baidu to make a preemptive strike.

If in 2017, before Aauto Quicker and Tik Tok were exposed, Baidu All in was not AI, but content ecology, would the result be different?

The slogan "All in AI" reveals the background color of Lu Qi’s character.

At the end of last year, Lu Qi accepted a late interview and made no secret that he was too confident and was considered "self-righteous" by his wife.

This is Lu Qi’s reflection after he returned to China for three years and suffered setbacks in his two career choices.

But in 2017, ALLINAI-this almost gambling action is undoubtedly a stimulant in front of the lively capital market.

Lu Qi, who put forward this slogan, has been well-known in the Chinese and American science and technology circles for many years, and his resume can’t be picked out-postdoctoral fellow at Carnegie Mellon University, executive vice president of Yahoo and global executive vice president of Microsoft, known as "the most powerful Chinese in Silicon Valley".

It seems that the time has indeed come: in 2016, the "man-machine war"-Alpha Dog defeated Li Shishi in the ninth stage of Go, turned AI, which was originally confined to the fields of science and science fiction, into a popular hot topic on everyone’s lips.

The geographical location has also been created: outside the Fifth Ring Road in Beijing, Lu Qi sat in the Baidu AI conference venue, and the real owner of Baidu, Li Yanhong, performed a stunning scene of unmanned driving outside the Fifth Ring Road. Despite being issued a ticket, compared with the seemingly upcoming driverless era, such a price is completely insignificant.

That night, Baidu’s market value rose by nearly $18 billion.

Half a month later, the State Council released the "New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan", which added another fire to the development of AI at the policy level, and the market quickly detonated. Ma Yun founded the Dharma Institute, Ma Huateng proposed AI in all, and Huawei released the full-stack full-scenario AI strategy. Investors throw money into the wind.

In July of the same year, Shangtang Technology raised $410 million, which was the highest financing record in the world at that time. Three months later, Defiance Technology completed $460 million in financing. At this point, AI Company entered the financing race mode and its records were constantly updated. In May 2018, Shangtang Technology raised $620 million, and Ubisoft completed $820 million. In June, Yunzi raised $1 billion from technology, in July, Shang Tang received $1 billion from Softbank, and in November, Horizon raised $1 billion …

Under the fierce fire, the market soon proved that everyone overestimated the commercial liquidity of AI. At the beginning of 2018, Kai-Fu Lee bluntly said in an interview with China International Television: The bubble of AI will burst. "Every entrepreneur wants to package his startup into an AI company, and every VC wants to flaunt himself as an AI investor. But AI investment is actually not suitable for novices to participate. If you don’t understand the AI ? ? technology itself, you are eager to participate in the early stage of AI, and such people will lose even their pants. "

Baidu’s complex organizational structure casts a shadow over the All in AI strategy.

Lin Ning, a former Baidu cloud worker, said frankly: "Baidu feed stream, driverless and cloud technology all belong to AI, but all departments are running in parallel and are not harmonious with each other."

On the one hand, Li Yanhong led a team to do the familiar and profitable search +feed streaming business, on the other hand, Lu Qi focused on betting on driverless driving.

Both of them are commercialized. Even by 2020, looking at the world, the goal of unmanned commercial mass production is still at the conceptual stage.

Taking Waymo, a driverless company owned by Google, as a reference, Waymo started research and development in 2009, and completed the first phase-10 billion mileage test in 10 years. The mass production stage of the second stage is still stuck.

According to Waymo’s good news at the beginning of this year, it raised 2.25 billion US dollars to produce 80,000 cars. However, according to a survey from the media "high-tech smart car", Waymo’s mass production is unrealistic. Waymo invested more than 5 billion US dollars in research and development in the first ten years. Considering the hardware and software costs of 80,000 vehicles, 2.25 billion US dollars can only be regarded as a drop in the bucket.

Back in the domestic market, the situation of driverless driving is even less optimistic. A Baidu employee told the alphabet list that at present, Baidu’s driverless driving is only used in a limited range. "The domestic landing conditions are immature and the social infrastructure development is not matched, so it is difficult to land on a large scale."

According to Li Deyi, an academician of China Academy of Engineering,Driverless driving will be in the product incubation period before 2025, and mass production is expected to be in 2060.

Driverless driving is difficult to realize, and the profit model of search +feed has already run through, and Li Yanhong’s choice does not need to be guessed at all.

Q1 financial report released in April 2018 shows that revenue increased by 31% year-on-year and net profit was RMB 6.7 billion, up by 277% year-on-year. The unmanned business has no revenue, and search and feed streams have become profit anchors. Asked about the commercialization of AI in the earnings conference call, Lu Qi’s response was vague, and he hoped for the future between the lines.

If you pull the camera back to April 2017 and Lu Qigang joined Baidu’s three-month earnings conference call, his response will be much simpler-face the commercialization of driverless technology raised by analysts and give a clear answer:Realize the commercialization of driverless cars in 2020.

When he joined Baidu in early 2017, Lu Qi shared an experience: jumping on the right boat at the right time. By the late interview at the end of 2019, his quotation added one more sentence: take a step back and broaden the horizon.

In Lin Ning’s view,It is inevitable for Lu Qi to leave Baidu. "Lu Qi chose a track that Baidu is not good at."

Lin Ning said frankly that driverless driving is a very good AI landing scene, and Baidu’s technology is also very good, but the Apollo program is just a famous sound, and the products can’t land at all. "BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Baidu and Apple are all driverless, and what do Internet companies take? Compared with car manufacturers?"

More importantly, this led Baidu to take a fork in the road in strategy and completely fall behind in content layout.

The core of Baidu is search, and the essence of search is content.Baidu tried to rely on AI to make a turnaround, so that it was underinvested and lacked foresight in the main channel of the times-content ecological competition.Throughout 2016, Ali announced the creation of "super consumer media". Tencent has Daily Express and Tencent News to seize the consulting market. The headline is 1 billion, and it is necessary to focus on supporting short videos …

Although Baidu has already made preparations. In 2016, he also laid out 1 billion layouts of 100 numbers. At the media meeting to welcome Lu Qi in January 2017, Li Yanhong emphasized the importance of information flow. "I am confident that users can rely on Baidu to obtain information." In the end, the center of gravity fell on AI. Li Yanhong received a ticket at the Fifth Ring Road, Lu Qi used the Apollo plan to ripen the AI bubble, and the All in AI strategy can be said to be of no help in revenue.

On the other hand, in 2017, advertising revenue reached 15 billion yuan, accumulating hundreds of millions of creators around the world, and hitting the target of 50 billion in 2018. At that time, there were 1 million creators in the same starting point, and the advertising revenue of information flow was less than 10 billion.

In January 2018, before Lu Qi left Baidu, Li Yanhong attended the geek conference, in addition to emphasizing himself.Never said "All in AI"In addition, information flow is specifically mentioned. "Information flow is the focus of Baidu. Most of Baidu’s resources are on Baidu search and Baidu feed stream."

Li yanhong

Looking back now, reassessing Lu Qi’s choice to leave Baidu can be said to be the best of both worlds.

Lu Qi became an investor and joined YC. Later, he founded Miracle, laid out AI consistently and did what he liked.

When Lu Qi left, public opinion fell to the ground and felt sorry for Lu Qi. With data, Baidu couldn’t keep people. In 10 years, he left at least 10 vice presidents and more than 20 executives. Rumors such as internal palace fights and couples seizing power are rampant. Coupled with the bad impression of hemophilia bar and Wei Zexi incident to the public, Baidu was simply sprayed into a sieve.

But I have to say,It is wise for Baidu to loosen the throttle and win Lu Qi in AI strategy, at least it is better late than never.

After Lu Qi left, the voice of Baidu All in AI disappeared. In the Q3 financial report of 2018, the revenue of search and feed stream business accounted for 80% of the total revenue. At the Baidu World Congress held in the same year, the whole package revolved around the content ecology, such as empowering creators, supporting short videos and landing applets, and upgrading Baidu APP into a "comprehensive content consumption and service platform". It also played a tit-for-tat with the headlines, and the frequency of infringement lawsuits by both sides was much higher.

A few days ago, Baidu launched the "Gathering Energy Plan" to supplement the live broadcast business, which can be said to be the foundation of a comprehensive return to the content ecology.

At the same time, the implementation of Baidu’s driverless strategy is obviously more rational. "Driverless gambling is the future, and the return is too far. At present, we can only reduce the research and development costs slowly." A former Baidu employee said.

At the Baidu AI Developers Conference in 2018, Baidu announced the official mass production of the Apollo 3.0 version "Apollon"-"the world’s first L4-class self-driving car". However, compared with Waymo’s mass production of 80,000 vehicles, Baidu’s mass production of "Apollon" is a little shy, with only 100 vehicles. The activity space can only be limited to relatively closed and fixed-line environments such as parks, airports, scenic spots and factories.

Social supervision also needs Baidu to take it slowly. In 2019, Baidu L4 driverless taxis were put into trial production in Changsha. According to national business daily, drivers are on standby at the driver’s position of driverless taxis. These drivers, also known as "security officers", are prepared in accordance with official requirements to ensure the safety of passengers.

According to the unmanned management measures introduced in Shanghai last September, such as vehicles must be equipped with drivers, enterprises must not charge passengers, and must not engage in transportation or business-related activities. This also means that it will take N years for the enterprise’s driverless products to be truly commercialized.

It is not difficult to understand that although Baidu will definitely mention AI in every financial report, people in the industry know that Baidu’s revenue can only rely on content business.

At the end of February this year, the annual financial report with a total revenue of 107.4 billion yuan in 2019 was released, and the search +feed stream sang the leading role. The unmanned appearance only emphasizes business progress, such as cooperating with 23 cities and getting 40 autonomous driving licenses in Beijing. Revenue data has not been disclosed so far.

By May 19th, the latest Q1 financial report with revenue of 22.5 billion yuan and net profit of 3.1 billion yuan, the main force of Baidu’s revenue has not changed, and the financial data of AI business is still missing. The driverless business is completely playing soy sauce in the financial report, and the cloud business has been taken over. The only AI product that is emphasized is only a small one, a smart speaker.

Baidu’s development path in AI strategy is almost the commonality of domestic AI companies.

"Technical improvement is difficult to completely solve the fundamental defects of current AI, which determine that its application space is limited to specific fields-most of them are concentrated in image recognition and speech recognition." This is the conclusion that Zhang Yue, president of Tsinghua University Institute of Artificial Intelligence, accepted in Economic Observer last May.

At the same time, another conclusion of Zhang Yue is that artificial intelligence based on deep learning has technically touched the ceiling.

This seems hard to understand. As far as we can see, AI products appearing on the market, except intelligent robots, face recognition, intelligent customer service and intelligent speakers, have hardly seen products with more advanced technology research and development. Why is the ceiling of AI so low?

However, the reality is in front of us. From the "man-machine war" in 2016, there has been a lot of talk about AI replacing labor. Kai-fu Lee once asserted that 50% of human work will be replaced by AI within 15 years, but four years later, the development process of domestic AI is not optimistic.

At the AI International Conference in June last year, Ma Ziya, Intel’s technical director, said frankly: Emerging technologies such as big data and AI are difficult to land. At present, only 2% of the data is really used to help human production and life.

Back to the AI commercial market. Even in Ali and JD.COM, which have scene advantages, only basic products such as robots and intelligent customer service have been widely used, and more intelligent technologies are still in the conceptual stage.

A typical example is Iflytek, the leading brother in the field of intelligent voice. In September, 2018, I was questioned about "AI simultaneous interpretation fraud". Finally, Liu Qingfeng, the chairman of the board, delivered the hammer himself, claiming that the intelligence level of the current machine could not replace simultaneous interpretation for the time being. By October, CCTV revealed that Iflytek had illegally occupied the Chinese alligator National Nature Reserve in Xuancheng City, Hui Province, and was suspected of using land to build villas under the guise of "AI".

The financing boom that was rolled up like a storm in the past is now flying everywhere.

AI Unicorn Shangtang Technology has raised nearly $3 billion in 9 rounds in 6 years, and its valuation once exceeded $7 billion. Its business covers smart cities, smart phones, pan-cultural entertainment, smart cars, smart health, smart business, education and advertising. Since 2018, it has frequently exposed packaged and sold assets, which has been questioned by observers and has not formed core technical barriers so far.

The company, which competed with Shang Tang for the dominant position in financing, set a new loss record year by year, from a loss of 343 million in 2016 to a direct loss of 5.2 billion in the first half of 2019, and was forced to fall on the road of IPO of Hong Kong stocks.

The Cambrian lost nearly 1.6 billion yuan in three years. In March this year, it submitted an application for IPO in science and technology innovation board, and planned to issue 40.1 million shares, raise at least 2.8 billion yuan, and value itself at 28 billion yuan. Even it was not afraid to show its cards in the prospectus: it could not guarantee profitability in the next few years, and it might face the risk of delisting after listing.

……

Looking back at AI now, the attitude of investors is the most intuitive. Wu Shu, the founder of Qushi Capital, has been paying attention to AI since 2011. He told the alphabet list (ID:wujicaijing): "Many AI directions are promising and valuable, and business models have gradually emerged, butPart of AI was speculated by a group of irrational investment institutions in the early stage, which led to the high valuation deviating from the value, and continued investment became a take-over man. In the end, no one could take it."

Lu Qi, who is also an investor, not only admitted that he was overconfident, but also listed the investment projects he participated in, such as robotics, biotechnology, telecommuting and cloud computing technology.Only there is no unmanned driving.

The last time I responded to the question about driverless driving was in a late interview at the end of last year. When I was asked about the three most optimistic AI landing scenarios, Lu Qi only gave two answers-smart place and new mobile (robot driving).

Facing the reporter’s innuendo on the issue of unmanned driving, Lu Qi said:It is a long process for unmanned driving to completely land in commercialization.

(Lin Ning is a pseudonym)

[Some References]

Dialogue with Lu Qi: It is inevitable to do something long-term and valuable and not be understood, later, December 13, 2019.

"Baidu executives interpret the first quarter financial report, Lu Qi said that it is necessary to strengthen AI innovation", Sina Technology, April 28, 2017;

"Lu Qi: An" outsider "who broke through the fog of Baidu", people, June 28, 2018;

"Shenwang | Baidu’s" new "era after Lu Qi’s curtain call", Shenwang, June 7, 2018.

"Lu qi’s reform is not completed. Baidu returns to the old road? ",Beijing News, May 23, 2018

"Unmanned driving enters the" mass production era "? Dawn at dawn, or a crazy daydream, high-tech smart car, March 8, 2020.

Li Deyi: mass production of driverless cars is expected to be in 2060, China Auto News, May 22, 2019.

"AI Company, Began to Bankruptcy", investment community on May 6, 2020.

"exclusive interview with academician Zhang Wei: deep learning touches the ceiling, and the AI miracle is hard to continue", Economic Observer, May 28, 2019.

Shangtang Technology was exposed to IPO: the listing is uncertain after nine rounds of financing, Blue Whale TMT, March 27, 2020.

　　People’s Daily Online, Beijing, January 4 (Zhu Jiang) "China is one of the countries most seriously affected by marine disasters in the world." The reporter learned from the Ministry of Natural Resources that according to the statistics of the Marine Early Warning and Monitoring Department, in the past 10 years, the average annual direct economic loss of marine disasters was 11.7 billion yuan, with an average annual death (including missing) of 93 people. In recent 30 years, the average sea level rise rate in China is 3.3 mm/year, which is higher than the global average. Under the background of global climate change, the risk of major marine disasters along the coast is becoming increasingly prominent. With the rapid increase of marine economic activities, the offshore waters are seriously polluted and the marine ecological environment is destroyed.

　　During the institutional reform of the central and state organs, the Ministry of Natural Resources set up a marine early warning and monitoring department to fulfill the responsibilities of marine disaster prevention and mitigation, whose main responsibilities include "formulating policies and systems for marine observation and forecast and marine scientific investigation and supervising their implementation. To carry out marine ecological early warning and monitoring, disaster prevention, risk assessment and hidden danger investigation and management, and issue warnings and bulletins. Construction and management of the national global ocean stereoscopic observation network, and organization of marine scientific investigation and survey. Participate in emergency response to major marine disasters. "

　　Wang Hua, deputy director of the Marine Early Warning and Monitoring Department, made it clear that it provided an important organizational guarantee for the effective implementation of the principles, policies and decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on the prevention and control of natural disasters. The first task of the Marine Early Warning and Monitoring Department is to do a good job in the top-level design of marine observation and forecast and marine scientific investigation, and the second is to continuously improve the basic capabilities of marine observation, monitoring and investigation, and further improve the marine early warning and monitoring business system. At the same time, it is necessary to make overall plans for the connection between marine disaster prevention and mitigation, land space planning and ecological protection and restoration.

　　At present, marine early warning and monitoring work faces five problems.

　　"What we are facing is a situation where challenges and opportunities coexist." On November 7, 2018, in a series of interview programs with the Director of the Department of Natural Resources, Wang Hua said that after years of development, marine observation, early warning and disaster reduction have formed a good working foundation. In 2012, the State Council promulgated the Regulations on the Administration of Marine observation and forecast, which filled the legal gap in the work of marine observation and forecast in China. After decades of development, the ocean observation business system has gradually formed, which consists of ocean station network, buoy network, radar network, volunteer ship, satellite remote sensing and so on, basically covering China’s inshore, offshore and some key sea areas. Established a marine forecasting system from national to local. The focus of disaster prevention and mitigation has been constantly moving forward, and the business system of marine disaster risk prevention has basically taken shape.

　　Wang Hua believes that the current marine early warning and monitoring work faces five problems. First, the laws, regulations and institutional standards of marine observation and forecast and related fields of disaster prevention and mitigation are not yet complete. Second, the basic ability still needs to be strengthened. The ocean view monitoring system needs to be further optimized, the ability of deep-sea observation is insufficient, the independent research and development of ocean forecasting and the application level of key technologies need to be improved, and the work of marine disaster risk assessment and hidden danger investigation has not been fully carried out. Third, the information resource sharing mechanism needs to be established. The sharing of information resources in disaster-related fields and the management and coordination of ocean observation activities still need to be strengthened. Fourth, the level of science and technology and the ability of global governance need to be improved, and the participation and voice of international ocean affairs governance are not enough. Fifth, it is necessary to further stimulate the vitality of the market and give full play to the role of market mechanisms and social forces in marine disaster prevention and mitigation.

　　The marine early warning and monitoring department should perform three responsibilities.

　　According to the data of China Organization Network, the main responsibilities of the Marine Early Warning and Monitoring Department are: to formulate policies and systems for marine observation and forecast and marine scientific investigation and supervise their implementation. To carry out marine ecological early warning and monitoring, disaster prevention, risk assessment and hidden danger investigation and management, and issue warnings and bulletins. Construction and management of the national global ocean stereoscopic observation network, and organization of marine scientific investigation and survey. Participate in emergency response to major marine disasters.

　　Wang Hua mentioned that the Marine Early Warning and Monitoring Department should perform three responsibilities: First, implement the important arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council for the prevention and control of natural disasters, and do a good job in the top-level design of marine observation and forecast and marine scientific investigation; The second is to continuously improve the basic capabilities of marine observation, monitoring and investigation, and strengthen the construction of marine ecological early warning and monitoring system; The third is to fully connect with relevant departments and make overall plans for marine disaster prevention and mitigation, land and space planning, ecological protection and restoration.

　　Wang Hua pointed out that in the past, China’s marine observation, forecasting and early warning, disaster reduction and other work were mainly aimed at the physical environment of the ocean and the process of natural disasters. In the future, we should focus more on the principle of realizing "two unifications" (that is, "the Ministry of Natural Resources uniformly exercises the duties of the owner of all natural resources assets of the whole people, and uniformly exercises the duties of controlling all land use and ecological protection and restoration"). For example, accelerate the construction of marine ecological early warning system to provide support for the effective protection of important, sensitive and fragile marine ecosystems; Efforts will be made to strengthen the connection between marine early warning and monitoring, national spatial planning and ecological protection and restoration.

　　The marine early warning and monitoring department will focus on three aspects.

　　Wang Hua said that in the field of marine early warning and monitoring, it is the basic work to dynamically monitor the state of marine resources and environment and grasp the basic situation. It is necessary to find problems through long-term series monitoring, and judge whether the carrying capacity of resources and environment is in a normal state through statistical analysis and evaluation of data, and issue early warning in time. At the same time, put forward some suggestions for specific problems.

　　In this regard, Wang Hua demanded that the next step should focus on three aspects: First, further rationalize the business system, make a good connection with other disaster-related ministries at the national level, and give full play to the supporting role of marine early warning and forecasting under the new emergency management framework to promote comprehensive disaster reduction; At the local level, strengthen guidance, coordination and supervision, and actively play the role of local authorities. At the same time, further clarify the responsibilities of the agencies in the sea area, and form a unified and orderly, reasonable division of labor, coordinated and efficient institutional mechanism.

　　Second, actively implement the requirements of the third meeting of the Central Financial and Economic Committee on the prevention and control of marine disasters, implement coastal zone restoration projects, build ecological seawalls, and improve the ability of ecosystems to defend against marine disasters.

　　The third is to implement the main responsibility and continuously improve business capabilities. In the "Sanding" plan issued by the Ministry, for the first time, the task of building and operating the national global marine stereoscopic observation network and carrying out marine ecological early warning and monitoring was clearly defined. As the competent department of business, the marine early warning and monitoring department should adhere to the scientific development concept and implement every link of the business chain in a down-to-earth manner.

　　To this end, the Marine Early Warning and Monitoring Division will focus on the following four aspects in the near future:

　　— In the observation business, do a good job in top-level design and accelerate the construction of the global marine stereoscopic observation network. Optimize the observation layout. In 2019, we will start to compile a new national ocean observation network plan, fully integrate the observation, monitoring and investigation services, and form a trinity business layout. From the aspects of observation means, observation elements and quality control, we will further strengthen the operational management of marine observation. Promote the sharing of marine observation data, improve the level of data services, strengthen the management of relevant industries of local and departmental departments, and carry out a general survey of marine observation capabilities and resources to achieve full integration.

　　Second, in the forecasting business, we should speed up the revision of emergency plans, and consider the respective characteristics of marine natural disasters and ecological disasters to study how to form a plan system. Reorganize the forecasting organization and business system, comprehensively consider the characteristics of administrative area management, and build a forecasting business system with up-and-down linkage and clear division of labor. Make full use of numerical forecasting, cloud platform, artificial intelligence and other information technologies, carry out the construction of marine intelligent grid forecasting business system and the "Maritime Silk Road" marine environmental protection system, explore the development of marine ecological early warning services, and improve the efficiency of early warning services.

　　Third, in disaster reduction, we will continue to do a good job in preventing and controlling natural disasters such as storm surges, tsunamis and sea ice. At the same time, we will promote ecological disaster reduction, select red tide and green tide-prone areas for pilot prevention and control, and give full play to the ability of mangroves, tamarisk, reeds, seagrass beds and other ecosystems to resist moisture and waves and consolidate dikes and revetments. Guide coastal areas to continue to carry out marine disaster risk assessment and delineation of key defense areas, and promote the investigation and management of potential risks. Strengthen the information application of disaster prevention and mitigation achievements, and integrate background information, observation data, early warning and pre-judgment information in coastal high-risk areas into one system in real time. Intensify publicity and education, popularize knowledge of disaster prevention and mitigation, and actively participate in international governance.

　　Fourth, in terms of ecological monitoring and scientific investigation, optimize the top-level design and system layout of marine ecological monitoring and early warning, establish a technical standard system, and start special research on typical ecosystems. Establish management norms, and institutions and ships engaged in marine survey and monitoring should have unified management requirements. Strengthen the use of volunteer ships, remote sensing and other equipment and means, and integrate development in monitoring, observation and investigation.

CCTV News:The National Bureau of Statistics recently published a series of reports on the achievements of economic and social development in New China in the past 75 years, pointing out that China’s agricultural development has undergone tremendous changes and achieved remarkable leap-forward development. The agricultural economy has steadily improved and important agricultural products have developed in an all-round way.

With the vigorous development of agriculture, the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery in China has achieved rapid growth. In 2023, the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery in China was 15,850.7 billion yuan, an increase of 15,804.6 billion yuan compared with 46.1 billion yuan in 1952. At comparable prices, 1953— In 2023, the average annual growth rate was 4.5%.

With the in-depth implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, China’s agricultural industrial chain and versatility continue to expand. In 2022, there were more than 90,000 agricultural products processing enterprises above designated size in China, with operating income exceeding 19 trillion yuan.

Since the founding of New China, residents’ "food baskets" and "fruit plates" have become richer, and Chinese has achieved a historical leap from "not having enough to eating well".

In 2023, the sown area of cash crops in China reached 790 million mu, an increase of 2.7 times over 1949; The national vegetable area reached 340 million mu, with an output of 830 million tons; The national orchard covers an area of 190 million mu, and the output of garden fruits is 240 million tons, which are 6.7 times and 35.5 times higher than that in 1978 respectively. There are a wide variety of vegetables and fruits, and their quality is constantly improving.

Since the founding of New China, especially after the reform and opening up, China has established the fishery development policy of "focusing on aquaculture", and the output of aquatic products has increased rapidly. In 2023, the total output of aquatic products in China reached 71.16 million tons, 157 times higher than that in 1949, with an average annual growth rate of 7.1%; Among them, the aquaculture output accounted for 81.6% of the total output of aquatic products, an increase of 70 percentage points over 1952.

China’s management system has been continuously improved and modern agriculture has flourished.

The report pointed out that China has continuously built a modern agricultural management system, promoted the transformation of agriculture from traditional labor-intensive industries to modern agriculture with various forms of moderate scale operation, and also spawned a number of new agricultural industries and new formats, and continuously released development potential.

In 2004, the circulation area of rural contracted land in China was only 58 million mu. By 2022, 1,474 counties (cities, districts) and about 22,000 towns and villages have established circulation service centers, and the circulation area of land management rights of household contracted farmland in China has exceeded 532 million mu.

In recent years, China’s new agricultural management entities have continued to grow and develop. More than 1.07 million organizations across the country provide socialized agricultural services, covering an area of over 1.97 billion mu and serving more than 91 million small farmers, effectively promoting the organic connection between small farmers and modern agriculture.

With the continuous improvement of agricultural modernization, the scale of facility agriculture in China has expanded year after year, and the products are increasingly rich. In 2022, China’s facility planting area reached 42.7 million mu, accounting for more than 80% of the total area of facility agriculture in the world, and it has become the largest country in facility agriculture.

In recent years, China has actively cultivated and expanded new agricultural formats and continuously released the development potential of modern agriculture. China has cultivated more than 90,000 leading agricultural industrialization enterprises at or above the county level, over 350 strong towns with an output value of over 1 billion yuan in the whole industrial chain, and 4,068 specialized villages and towns with rural characteristics, with a total output value of over 900 billion yuan.

　　[News] A few days ago, we learned that the car is planning to launch a model with a higher positioning. The new car will be named M4 and will be officially launched next year at the earliest. In addition, the Ruifeng M3 automatic transmission model will also be planned.

　　According to Li Jianhua, deputy general manager of JAC Automobile Marketing Company, JAC will further enrich the products of Ruifeng family in the future. In addition to the products that have not yet been listed, JAC will also launch the Ruifeng M4 model, which will be the replacement product of JAC Ruifeng, and the new car positioning will be higher than that of the newly listed Ruifeng M3.

"The picture shows the cash Jianghuai Ruifeng"

　　In addition, the newly-launched Ruifeng M3 is currently only equipped with 5-speed, while Jianghuai has plans to develop the Ruifeng M3, but the specific release time of this model is still unclear, and we will continue to pay attention to the report. (Text/car home Wuyuan)

　　Read more:

　　The price is 69,800-74,800 yuan, and JAC Ruifeng M3 is officially listed.
　　//www.autohome.com.cn/news/201503/864551.html

The film "Retrograde Life" premiered in Beijing, and director Xú Zhēng once again warmed the reality with laughter..

　

The film focuses on the current social concerns.The "middle-aged crisis" captures the common anxiety of the public. The protagonist Gao Zhilei (Xú Zhēng) has just been laid off, and he has to face the practical problems such as his father’s surgery expenses and his daughter’s high tuition fees. The film relies on the characters and plots with strong sense of reality to fully arouse the emotional resonance of the audience.

　

Gao zhilei is a very representative figure. He is a microcosm of middle-aged men in the city. Only when Xu Zheng plays this role can the audience laugh with tears.

　

Gao zhilei is really very"Coward", but by no means "waste". For example, he was ridiculed by an interviewer (Ma Dong)50When he came for an interview at the age of 18, he stood up and turned to leave; The takeaway stationmaster (Jia Bing) refuses him to join, and he sincerely implores the other party to give him a chance; Not long after Gao Zhilei delivered the takeaway, he received an order from the former employees of the company, and his embarrassed mood was beyond measure. The audience looked at Gao Zhilei’s bewildered posture at that moment and laughed one after another.

　

The film constantly creates life problems for Gao Zhilei, making him embarrassed and defeated in adversity. However, he can defeat and fight again and again. The characters and stories in the film, with the warm and healing emotional core, let the audience feel the tenacity and optimism of the characters in a relaxed and lively atmosphere.

　

Xú Zhēng as a director this time, he adopted in "Retrograde Life".The shooting technique of "literary drama and martial arts singing" The film seems to be a drama with realistic theme, and the expression technique is "action film" style. Xu Zheng used "Retrograde Life" to show that his creative vision has reached a broader field.

　

Cui ting/writing