No.9 [2004] of Teaching Sports Art
In order to understand the spirit of carrying out the Notice of the General Office of the Central Military Commission of the General Office of the State Council on Forwarding the Opinions of the General Political Department of the General Staff of the Ministry of Education on Carrying out Military Training for Students in Ordinary Colleges and Senior Middle Schools (No.48 [2001] of the State Council), the Ministry of Education, the General Staff and the General Political Department formed a joint working group, which began in late April 2004 and spent 20 days conducting research on 20 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government), The department in charge of students’ military training and 58 colleges and universities (hereinafter referred to as colleges and universities), 19 senior middle schools (hereinafter referred to as high schools), 7 military academies and 5 student military training bases were inspected. The relevant information is hereby notified as follows:
I. Basic information
In all localities, the spirit of document No.48 [2001] issued by the State Council is firm, the measures are strong, and the work is implemented. The military training of students has entered a stage of in-depth development, showing a good momentum. The main features are:
(1) All levels attach great importance to it and have strong organizational leadership. Military and civilian levels regard students’ military training as an important way to implement the National Defense Law, the Military Service Law and the National Defense Education Law, as an important measure to comprehensively promote quality education in schools and the construction of strategic talent projects, and as a political task to strengthen students’ national defense concept and strengthen the construction of national defense and reserve forces, put it on the agenda, put it in an important position, and earnestly strengthen organizational leadership. All provinces have made arrangements for the implementation of Document No.48 [2001] issued by the State Council, formulated work development plans and put forward specific requirements. In most provinces, a leading group for students’ military training has been set up, with the deputy governor of the provincial government, the deputy commander of the provincial military region (garrison and garrison, the same below) as the principal and deputy head, and the leaders of relevant military and local business departments as participants. It holds regular meetings, arranges deployment, studies and solves problems, and coordinates the manpower, material resources and financial resources needed for students’ military training. Most cities (prefectures) and universities that carry out military training for students have also set up leading groups for military training for students, forming a top-down organizational leadership system. Beijing, Shanxi, Shanghai, Guangdong, Hubei and other provinces have also issued specific implementation opinions on students’ military training in the name of provincial governments and provincial military regions (garrison areas and garrison areas), ensuring the smooth development of students’ military training in a planned and step-by-step manner. The main leaders of military areas in Liaoning, Tianjin, Inner Mongolia, Jiangsu, Chongqing and other provinces (municipalities directly under the Central Government) personally asked about the major events and difficulties in students’ military training, personally coordinated and solved them, and often went deep into the front-line investigation and study of students’ military training to get first-hand information.Peking University, Tsinghua University, Lanzhou University, Xiamen University, Wuhan University, Sichuan University and other universities regard the military training of students as an important measure to build a first-class university. The military training of students in these schools started early, with a high starting point, standardized organization and obvious results.
(two) the establishment of working institutions, military and joint management. The provincial education administrative departments have defined the institutions responsible for students’ military training, and most provinces have defined the personnel responsible for students’ military training; Military regions and provincial military regions (including garrison and garrison) have set up offices for students’ military training. Most units are equipped with special personnel to take charge of the daily work of students’ military training, and coordinate the implementation of dispatching officers, helping to train troops, training venues and guns and ammunition for colleges and universities. The business departments in charge of students’ military training in military areas have cooperated closely and cooperated with each other, strengthened business guidance and work coordination, and ensured the smooth progress of students’ military training. Beijing, Fujian, Hunan, Chongqing and other provinces (municipalities directly under the Central Government) have co-located military training business departments for military students, forming a good situation of joint management of the military and the land.
In order to meet the needs of students’ military training, most schools adopt the form of "one institution, two brands" in which the Armed Forces Department works together with the Student Affairs Office or other departments, and some schools have set up separate Armed Forces Departments to take charge of the organization plan and daily work of students’ military training, which has played a good role. The armed forces departments of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing Jiaotong University, Central University of Finance and Economics, Southeast University, Zhejiang University, Tianjin Normal University, Suzhou University, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University and other universities actively coordinated the relevant departments of the school, and in accordance with the relevant regulations, better implemented the relevant treatment of dispatched officers, and solved some practical problems in teaching, work and life for dispatched officers. The high schools that carry out military training have also defined the institutions and management personnel for students’ military training, and specifically undertaken the military training for students.
(C) into the teaching system, students’ military training into the formal. Most colleges and universities that carry out military training include students’ military training as a compulsory course in the overall teaching plan of the school, into the management of student status, and into students’ credits. According to the requirements of curriculum construction, more standardized teaching management is implemented. Most schools can implement military theory teaching and military skills training in strict accordance with the students’ military training syllabus. Xiamen University, South China University of Technology, Central South University, Nanchang Institute of Aeronautical Technology, Xi ‘an Jiaotong University, Guizhou University, Changchun University of Technology, Beijing Bayi Middle School, Chongqing Fengmingshan Middle School, Nanchang Hongdu Middle School and other schools have also actively tried the research and practice of military theory course construction, organized the compilation of teaching materials and made teaching courseware, and achieved a number of teaching and scientific research results, which promoted the construction of military theory course.
In order to promote the standardization of students’ military training, most schools have also formulated rules and regulations such as the Code for Students’ Military Training, the Implementation Plan for Military Courses, the Assessment Criteria for Students’ Military Training, and the Provisions on the Safety Management of Students’ Military Training, which systematically standardized the ideological work, daily management, teaching guarantee, safety and accident prevention in the teaching of military theory courses and military skills training. In order to do a good job in the training of students’ military skills, most schools and training troops have formulated careful training, support plans and emergency response plans before training, and set up student military training regiments with reference to the formation of troops, which has strengthened the standardized management of military skills training, ensured the safety of live ammunition shooting, camping and training, transportation, food hygiene and other aspects during military training, and put an end to all kinds of accidents.
(4) Strengthen the construction of teaching staff and give full play to the role of sending officers. Colleges and universities that carry out military training incorporate the construction of military teachers into the overall development plan of the school teachers. Some colleges and universities have equipped 3-5 military teachers and evaluated and hired senior and intermediate titles. In order to equip military teachers in colleges and universities as soon as possible, improve the quality of military teachers and meet the needs of military theory teaching, the Ministry of Education began to set up postgraduate courses for military teachers in six colleges and universities in 2003, which improved their academic qualifications and professional level. Some provinces have also organized military teachers in colleges and high schools to conduct professional training, which has improved the military quality and teaching ability of military teachers.
All military regions, provincial military regions (garrison and garrison areas) and relevant military academies that undertake the teaching tasks of military theory courses in colleges and universities strictly control the selection, training, teaching and teaching ability of dispatched officers in accordance with the relevant provisions of the General Staff Department and the General Political Department, so as to continuously optimize the structure and improve the quality of this team. National Defense University, Shijiazhuang Army Command College, Chongqing Communication College, Shenyang Artillery College, Air Force Command College, Naval Command College, Nanchang Army College and other colleges and universities have strictly selected a group of teachers with rich teaching experience and high academic qualifications to undertake the teaching task of military theory courses in colleges and universities, and achieved obvious teaching results, which have been well received by teachers and students of the school. Shenyang, Nanjing Military Region and some provincial military regions have taken measures such as running class training and sending them to military academies for further study to strengthen the training of dispatched officers and improve their quality. Provincial military regions (garrison areas, garrison areas) and relevant military colleges and universities put the management of dispatched officers into the overall management of cadres, and conduct regular assessments before using them. According to the relevant provisions of the General Staff Department and the General Political Department, Shenyang and Beijing Military Regions have changed some dispatched officers into professional and technical posts, retained the teaching backbone and ensured the stability of the dispatched officers. Some provincial military regions have made timely adjustments to dispatched officers who are not qualified for military theory teaching.
(5) Increase funding and strive to ensure the normal development of military training for students. The central and local governments at all levels, in accordance with the affiliation of the school, adopt the method of bringing students’ military training funds into the total budget quota of the school to solve the funds needed for students’ military training. Guizhou Province has invested more than 1 million yuan in providing the necessary office equipment and books and materials for the military teaching and research section of colleges and universities under the condition of relatively tight finance. Some provinces have also allocated special funds to build or expand student military training bases to promote the development of student military training in the direction of base training. Liaoning Province has planned to build four military training bases for students, and the required construction funds have been included in the provincial budget; Beijing invested more than 200 million yuan to build, rebuild and expand seven student military training bases; Tianjin raised nearly 300 million yuan from various sources for the construction of student military training bases and the improvement of training and teaching facilities. At present, 34 training bases have the ability to undertake military training tasks for students. Shanghai invested 1.3 billion yuan to build a national defense education base in oriental land, which integrates science and technology, national defense education and military training for students.
(6) The effect of military training is obvious, and the response from all walks of life is good. Through military training, students’ ideals and beliefs have been strengthened, their national defense concepts have been further enhanced, their patriotism, collectivism and revolutionary heroism have been strengthened, their organization and discipline have been continuously strengthened, their will quality has been tempered, their hard-working spirit and hard-working style have been promoted, and their comprehensive quality has been significantly improved, laying a solid foundation for training socialist builders and successors. Students generally report that military training is the most unforgettable experience in their life, which not only tempered their will, improved their self-care ability and strengthened their courage to overcome difficulties, but also learned about the army and soldiers and established their ambition to love the motherland and devote themselves to national defense. Students’ military training has had a positive impact on the society, which has been highly praised by all walks of life and won the general welcome of the teachers, students and parents of the school. This work has received good educational, political, national defense and social benefits. Practice has proved that carrying out military training for students is a great event and a good thing that benefits the country, the people and the army, and its educational function is irreplaceable by other forms of education.
Second, the main problems
Judging from the inspection, the situation of military training for students in China is good, but the development is not balanced enough. The main manifestations are: the military training of college students is better than that of high school, the provincial capital cities are better than small and medium-sized cities, and the original military training pilot schools are better than the newly-opened schools. At present, the main problems existing in students’ military training:
First, some leaders don’t know enough. The leaders of some units do not attach importance to and do a good job in students’ military training from the perspective of cultivating high-quality talents and strengthening the construction of national defense reserve forces. They only take it as a general activity, and some even regard it as a burden. Some units overemphasize the difficulties and objective reasons for carrying out military training, lack initiative and enthusiasm in their work, and are ineffective in organization and leadership. Second, institutions and personnel are not implemented enough. Some provincial education administrative departments have not determined full-time staff responsible for students’ military training because of the tight establishment, and they can’t concentrate on guiding, coordinating, supervising and inspecting students’ military training, so they are passive in their work. Individual provincial military regions did not set up the student military training office in the provincial military region headquarters as required, but in the mobilization office or training office. Some staff officers who are in charge of students’ military training are often transferred to other jobs, so they can’t focus on students’ military training. Third, there is a serious shortage of teachers. At present, the number of full-time military teachers in colleges and universities and part-time military teachers in high schools is seriously insufficient, and the overall teaching level is not high enough to fully meet the needs of military theory teaching. Some units have not yet dispatched officers according to the established posts, and a few dispatched officers have low academic qualifications, which are not suitable for the teaching tasks of military theory courses. Fourth, the teaching of military theory courses is not standardized enough. Some colleges and high schools do not carry out military training for students in strict accordance with the provisions and requirements of the students’ military training syllabus, and there is a phenomenon of "emphasizing skill training and neglecting theoretical teaching". Some colleges and universities do not include military theory courses in the overall teaching plan of the school.Not up to the standard of 36 hours. Some high schools did not offer lectures on military knowledge as required. Fifth, the military training guarantee for students is not strong enough. Students’ military training funds are an important guarantee for carrying out students’ military training. Judging from the inspection, the implementation of the central ministries and commissions in colleges and universities is relatively good, and the implementation of provincial colleges and universities is not good enough, which is difficult for most high schools to implement. In order to solve the problem of insufficient training sites for students’ military skills, although some provinces have built and expanded some military training bases for students, the number and scale of military training bases for students can not meet the needs of students’ military skills training due to limited funding.
Three, some requirements for students’ military training work
Document No.48 [2001] issued by the State Council stipulates the guiding ideology, principles, organization and leadership, establishment of working institutions, allocation of teachers, management of dispatched officers and training guarantee of students’ military training, which is an important guiding document for students’ military training at present and in the future. Military and local levels should continue to implement the spirit of the document and earnestly do a good job in military training for students. To this end, the following requirements are put forward:
(a) to increase the publicity of students’ military training. Military and civilian levels should further enhance their understanding of the importance and necessity of students’ military training, attach importance to doing well in students’ military training from the legal height of implementing the National Defense Law, the Military Service Law and the National Defense Education Law, from the political height of ensuring the long-term stability of the country, and from the strategic height of cultivating high-quality talents for the country and national defense construction, and increase publicity. Focus on publicizing the legal basis, policy provisions, purpose, significance, status and role of students’ military training, and create a good atmosphere for caring for and supporting students’ military training. The year 2005 is the 20th anniversary of the military training for students. Military and civilian levels should make full use of radio, television, newspapers and other news media to commend and publicize a number of typical examples and sum up and popularize some advanced experiences and practices. At the same time, it is necessary to guide the school to carry out some meaningful commemorative activities, such as military parade, parade, military training knowledge contest, military competition, speech, etc., to further expand the influence of students’ military training and promote the in-depth development of students’ military training.
(two) to increase the intensity of the implementation of students’ military training institutions and personnel. The task of military training for students is arduous, involving a wide range, and it is difficult to organize and coordinate. On the basis of clarifying the institutions of students’ military training, the provincial education administrative departments should appoint special personnel to take charge of the daily work of students’ military training in order to adapt to the new situation of students’ military training in depth. The establishment of military region, provincial military region (garrison, garrison) students’ military training office should be implemented in accordance with the provisions of document No.48 [2001] issued by the State Council. The military region students’ military training office is located in the headquarters mobilization (military mobilization) department, and the provincial military region students’ military training office is located in the headquarters and works independently. The student military training office is generally equipped with 2-3 people, and the required posts are adjusted from the dispatched officer posts. According to the needs of people’s armed forces, military service, civil air defense and military training for students, colleges and universities should set up armed forces departments. The Armed Forces Department can be established separately or co-located with relevant departments, with one institution and two names. The staffing of the Armed Forces Department shall be determined by colleges and universities according to their own tasks. The department in charge of military training for military students and the armed forces department of colleges and universities are the functional departments responsible for military training for students. They should constantly strengthen their own construction, do a good job in planning and guiding their work, and give full play to their functions.
(3) Strengthen the standardization of students’ military training. Establishing and perfecting various rules and regulations is the premise and objective requirement to promote the standardization and institutionalization of students’ military training. Departments in charge of military training for military students and colleges and high schools that carry out military training should, in accordance with the spirit of the relevant documents at higher levels and in combination with the actual situation of their own units, further formulate and improve rules and regulations on the work contact, evaluation of teaching and learning, safety and accident prevention, management of dispatched officers, management and use of weapons, supervision and inspection, training support and so on; At the same time, it is also necessary to formulate the job responsibilities of relevant departments and personnel of students’ military training, ensure that students’ military training is included in the teaching plan, the management of student status and the credits of students, promote the standardization and institutionalization of students’ military training, and ensure the implementation of the number, time, content and quality of students’ military training.
(4) Strengthen the construction of military teachers. It is a fundamental measure to ensure the teaching quality of military theory courses to establish a team of military teachers with strong politics, good professional skills, hard work style and high quality. Provincial education administrative departments should proceed from the reality of the region, formulate the development plan for the construction of military teachers, and clarify the principles of military teachers’ equipment, matching standards, training methods, evaluation methods, management and use. Colleges and universities should set up military teaching institutions according to the relevant requirements, bring the construction of military teachers into the overall planning of the construction of school teachers in accordance with the provisions of the state on the allocation of teachers and the actual needs of military theory teaching, carefully select, allocate and train them well, and continuously improve their teaching level. At present, the number of military teachers in most colleges and universities is limited, and they still do not have the ability to undertake all the teaching tasks of military theory courses. On the basis of giving full play to the role of sending military officers as the backbone of teaching, these colleges and universities should strengthen the allocation of full-time teachers by combining full-time, part-time and employment, and solve the contradiction between the small number of military teachers and the heavy teaching tasks of military theory courses to meet the needs of military theory courses teaching.
Sending officers is a backbone force in the teaching of military theory courses. All relevant units of the army should attach great importance to the deployment of dispatched officers. If they are not fully equipped according to the establishment, they should seize the time to fully equip them. At the same time, they should set strict standards and pay attention to quality, effectively select a group of cadres with firm political stance, good military quality, high academic qualifications and rich teaching experience, constantly optimize the structure of the dispatched officers’ team and improve the quality of the dispatched officers’ team. To further strengthen the training of dispatched officers, the key point is to do a good job in training at the same level. Those who have not been trained or fail to meet the requirements may not teach. In order to strengthen the management of dispatched officers, all relevant units should incorporate the construction of dispatched officers into the overall planning of the construction of cadres in their own units, make overall consideration and make regular assessments. Those who have made outstanding achievements in the teaching of military theory courses for students should be rewarded, those who should be used should be used, and those who do not meet the teaching tasks or occupy the dispatched officers’ establishment to engage in other work should be adjusted in time. It is necessary to further strengthen the education of dispatched officers, combine regular ideological work with active concern for their vital interests and solve practical difficulties they encounter in their work and life, and timely evaluate professional and technical positions according to standards for individual outstanding officers who have reached the highest level of preparation. Before the end of 2005, the number of dispatched officers should reach more than 90% of the establishment, and those with bachelor degree or above should reach more than 85%.
(5) Strengthen the security of students’ military training. Education administrative departments at all levels should actively seek the support of local government leaders and gradually increase the investment in military training for students. Colleges and high schools should, in accordance with the provisions of document No.48 [2001] issued by the State Council, fully consider the particularity of students’ military training, solve the funds needed for students’ military training, and ensure the normal development of military theory teaching and military skill training. Conditional provinces and municipalities directly under the central government should, according to the needs of students’ military training tasks, build, rebuild and expand a number of students’ military training bases in a planned way, gradually improve students’ military training conditions, and realize the base of students’ military skills training. The militia and reserve forces training bases and provincial people’s armed schools should actively undertake military training tasks for students without affecting the training of militia and reserve personnel. Military regions and provincial military regions (including garrison and garrison areas) should effectively protect students’ military training guns and ammunition, strengthen the management, use, inspection and guidance of students’ military training guns and ammunition in conjunction with the administrative departments of education, and urge schools to implement various management systems. The technical condition of students’ military training guns should be checked regularly, and those that fail to meet the technical requirements should be repaired and those that are unusable should be replaced. Military training guns distributed to schools during military training must be technically treated so that they cannot be fired with live ammunition. Colleges and high schools should strengthen the management of military training guns in accordance with the relevant provisions on the management and use of militia weapons, and strictly enforce the procedures for leaving and entering the warehouse and the duty system for management personnel to live in the warehouse; The construction of weapons depots (rooms) should conform to the safety regulations of militia weapons management.Strictly guard against the accidents of guns lost, robbed and stolen in military training, and earnestly be foolproof.