CCTV News:The concept of big food refers to a concept of "demanding heat and protein from cultivated land, grassland, forest and ocean, plants and animals, and developing food resources in all directions and in many ways". Today (October 20th), a series of reports called "Big Food Outlook in Harvest", let’s pay attention to China’s edible fungus industry. In recent years, China consumes about 40 million tons of edible fungi every year, and the edible fungi industry has become an important agricultural industry after grain, oil, vegetables and fruits. The latest data show that the annual output of edible fungi in China has reached more than 40 million tons, and the total output value has exceeded 300 billion yuan, accounting for nearly 80% of the world.
In Zhaojia Village, qingfeng county City, Henan Province, local Agrocybe aegerita growers are busy picking, and the Agrocybe aegerita here has been sold all over the country.
Zhao yufu told reporters that their village is close to the county seat, with less land and more people. In 2005, people in Zhaojia Village began to try to grow vegetables because they wanted to make the few fields more productive. With the income of 10,000 yuan per mu, the people in Zhaojiacun are not satisfied with the status quo. In 2017, Zhaojiacun began to plant Agrocybe aegerita. The annual output of Agrocybe aegerita is as high as 9,000 tons, and it is estimated that the sales of Agrocybe aegerita will exceed 100 million yuan this year.
There are many mining areas in Zoucheng City, Shandong Province. In the subsidence area of the mining area, the fields are barren, leaking water and leaking fertilizer, and the yield of field crops is low. The local area tries to grow edible fungi. After more than 20 years of development, from the initial one-family planting to factory production. At present, the industrial production of edible fungi has reached 26 million square meters, with a production capacity of 380,000 tons and an output value of 3.5 billion yuan.
In Fangxian County, Hubei Province, the cultivation mode handed down for thousands of years is still used. Take a local flower oak tree, cut the tree into pieces of about one meter, and then punch holes to inoculate the strains, so that the local famous basswood auricularia or mushrooms can be produced. It is understood that the planting scale of basswood, black fungus and mushrooms in Fangxian County has been stable at 100,000 all the year round, which has driven more than 6,000 households in the county to get rid of poverty and become rich.
"Factory Production" of Edible Fungi to Improve Efficiency and Quality
The industrial production of edible fungi mentioned in our short film just now is the development trend of edible fungi industry. In recent years, more and more edible fungi industries in China have realized industrial production, which not only improves the production efficiency of edible fungi, but also greatly improves the yield and quality of edible fungi.
In Puyang City, Henan Province, the industrial production of Pleurotus eryngii there has increased the production of Pleurotus eryngii a lot.
Xie Tiangen told reporters that the factory’s intelligent temperature and humidity control system not only shortens the growth cycle of Pleurotus eryngii, but also produces Pleurotus eryngii all year round. The industrialization of edible fungi has realized automation and intelligence in almost all aspects from bottling, punching, sterilization and finished product delivery of edible fungi culture medium, and greatly improved labor efficiency.
Factory production not only has high production efficiency, but the reporter learned from many edible fungi production factories in Henan that the factory production benefit is 30-mdash higher than that of the general greenhouse planting method. 80 times.
Independent research and development of technical equipment and domestic strains dominate.
Industrial cultivation of edible fungi has greatly improved the yield and quality of edible fungi in China. At the same time, the relevant state departments have also strengthened independent research and development and application of edible fungi strains and production technology and equipment.
Henan is the largest province of edible fungi in China, and its output and output value rank first in the country. In 2022, the total output of various edible fungi in Henan Province has exceeded 6 million tons. The cultivation area of strains with independent intellectual property rights in China has gradually occupied most of the market.
In recent years, Flammulina velutipes and Agaricus bisporus need to introduce strains. Relevant departments in Sichuan, Shandong, Fujian and other provinces have increased their research and development efforts on these two strains. The Flammulina velutipes "Youhe No.3" successfully developed by hybridization with wild Flammulina velutipes genes is superior to imported Flammulina velutipes in yield and quality in the trial planting and popularization planting in Zoucheng, Shandong Province. At present, the national cultivation area of Flammulina velutipes and Agaricus bisporus strains with independent intellectual property rights in China is expanding year by year.
Edible fungi have more nutrition and more room for further processing.
Edible fungi have the characteristics of low fat, high protein, polysaccharide, multi-vitamins and multi-minerals, and are increasingly loved by consumers. Nowadays, not only the sales of fresh mushrooms have increased, but also the deep-processed products of edible fungi have gradually developed.
According to the statistical survey data of China Edible Fungi Association, from 2010 to 2021, the total output value of edible fungi in China increased from 141.322 billion yuan to 347.563 billion yuan. Not only that, but the market of deep-processed edible fungi products has gradually become popular.
In an edible fungus deep processing enterprise in Xixia County, Henan Province, the reporter saw that a box of canned mushrooms, dried mushrooms, crispy mushrooms and other products packed in bags were being prepared to be sent to all parts of the country.
Up to now, after decades of development, China’s edible fungus cultivation industry has formed a variety, multi-specification and multi-level production system with mushrooms, auricularia auricula, Pleurotus ostreatus and Flammulina velutipes as the main products, as well as a processing system with fresh products, dried products, canned food, quick freezing and powder as the main products.