标签： 上海水磨

　　[Car History] The brand’s flagship model CROWN was born in 1955 and has undergone more than half of its evolution. As one of the earliest imported luxury cars to enter the Chinese market, the Crown has a high degree of recognition in people’s hearts. On December 25, 2012, the 14th generation of the Crown was officially released in Japan. The newly released Crown has been further improved in all aspects. At the same time as the launch of the new Crown, we will also review the development of the Crown car series.

Notes: Since the Crown car series has 14 generations of models and is longer, this article will be divided into two chapters for everyone to introduce, the first one introduces the evolution history of the first to seventh generation models.

◆ Toyota CrownOriginAnd its birth background (early 1950s)
　　Built specifically for the business market

　　In the early 1950s, in order to better meet the growing demand for corporate vehicles in Japan, Toyota began to develop the Crown sedan for business people, preparing to replace the previous RH model. However, Toyota was not sure whether the new design of the Crown would be acceptable to the market, so it also launched a slightly more conservative design of the Master model, mainly for the taxi market. However, due to the popularity of the Crown, Toyota discontinued the Master and changed its factory to produce the Crown.

　　The RH, also known as the Super, was the fourth generation of Toyota’s first SA line-up after World War II, when the more competitive Crown replaced the RH as the mainstay in 1955.

Toyota’s first-generation Crown (1955-1962)
　　Features: Compact/with open doors

　　In January 1955, the first generation of Toyota’s self-produced Crown sedan was officially launched, and the first Crown was personally driven off the production line by President Hideji Toyota. The crown at that time had typical characteristics of the times in terms of styling design. The first generation of the crown used a ship-shaped body, the front of the car had two independent cylindrical headlights, the prominent cover was designed with prisms, the grille was designed with two layers inside and outside, and the lower bumper was also designed to be more prominent.

　　The most distinctive design on the sides of the car is the folio of the front and rear doors to make it easier for passengers to get on and off. The same design was used on Toyota’s first model, the AA. The straight line at the rear of the body extends to the rear of the car, and the luggage compartment cover is designed to be streamlined.

　　In today’s standards, Toyota’s first-generation crown is just one, its length, width and height are: 4285mm × 1679mm × 1524mm, 2530mm, and its body size is close to today’s. The curb weight of the first-generation crown is 1152kg.

　　The first generation of Toyota Crown was exported overseas, so there are both left and right rudder forms. The design of the car is very simple, the shift lever is located on the side of the steering column, and the central control part is made of metal. Except for simple instrument display and light control, there are only a few functional configurations. The front and rear seats of the first generation of Crown are all integrated headless design, which can seat up to six people.

　　In the power part, the Crown was originally equipped with a Toyota R series 4-cylinder engine with a displacement of 1.5L and a maximum of 49 horsepower. It transmitted engine power to the rear wheels at 3 speeds. In the chassis part, the structure of the first-generation Crown was an independent front suspension and a non-independent rear suspension.

　　In December 1955, Toyota introduced the Crown Deluxe Edition, which turned the left and right windshields into one piece, and upgraded the radio and warm air to standard configuration. In October 1958, the Crown ushered in the first facelift, and the changes in the new car were mainly reflected in the appearance and power. The front face was redesigned, the headlights were added with a protective cover, the grille style was more holistic, the trim strips on the side of the body were extended to the rear, the trunk cover became angular, and the area of the taillights was also increased. In terms of power, the facelift model followed the R series 1.5L engine, but the power output of the standard version was increased to 61 horsepower, and the power output of the deluxe version was increased to 63 horsepower.

　　In October 1959, Toyota first launched the equipped Crown model, which was also the first diesel sedan in Japan. It was equipped with the Toyota C series engine with a displacement of 1.5L and a maximum power of only 40 horsepower. In October 1960, the Crown ushered in a facelift again. The new car was equipped with a new 1.9L 3R engine, and the transmission part could choose 2 speeds in addition to a 3-speed manual transmission. The 1.9L power version was originally only equipped with the Crown Deluxe Edition (maximum power 96 horsepower). In April 1961, the Crown Standard Edition was also equipped with a 1.9L engine (maximum power 86 horsepower).

　　In terms of special editions, the first-generation Crown was introduced as a taxi version in March 1959, in addition to two commercial vehicle editions: and.

　　From 1957 to 1960, the first-generation Crown became the first Japanese car to be exported to the United States, but it sold only 287 units. To promote the reliability of the Crown, Toyota held long-distance endurance races from Los Angeles to New York. Unfortunately, it did not have a positive effect because the Crown withdrew from the race shortly after the start of the race.

　　The Crown was "unsuitable" in the United States, because the car was only equipped with a small 1.5L engine in the face of the characteristics of Japanese road conditions at the time (mud, low speed, unpaved). The embarrassment of insufficient power caused the Crown to be criticized in the United States. Even after being upgraded to a more powerful engine, sales still did not improve.

Phoenix Auto · New Car PK Platform At this year’s Guangzhou Auto Show, Jaguar released the new XE model, which is Jaguar’s first entry-level sedan, competing with other models. However, from the details, the product with a better brand positioning and unique charm is the most suitable for comparison with PK, so we chose the product that is currently very popular on the market -.

Similarly, Jaguar’s official positioning of this car is a sports coupe, so it adopts a lot of coupe elements in the design of the shape, the whole body line is smooth and elegant, and more edges are added to the details to highlight the visual impact. Compared with the Jaguar XF, the Jaguar XF has a more compact body, so it shows more agile and capable characteristics, which is more able to attract some young elites to be interested in it.

The brand positioning of the Q50 is different from that of it has more elegant temperament and the coura****o go wild. For those middle-class people with unique tastes, the Infiniti Q50 is a unique choice, which shows more personal taste and interest, rather than traditional ******ity. The Infiniti Q50 is currently domestically produced and has been lengthened, and the space is more spacious than the standard wheelbase version, but the significance of the standard wheelbase version is that it has more authentic Yuppie pedigree, so we chose the imported standard wheelbase version for this comparison.

The Jaguar XE should be regarded as the fourth model of the new Jaguar. Starting with the Jaguar XF launched in 2007, Jaguar gave up the retro style and adopted a new family design. Then the new generation and the Jaguar F-Type were launched one after another. Now the Jaguar XE takes the design of the new Jaguar forward again. From the Jaguar XE, we can clearly see the characteristics of the Jaguar family: the unretouched large-size air intake, the sharp and verve willow headlights, the iconic J-Blade daytime running lights, and the chrome-plated side vents all exude the unique charm of this British brand.

The Infiniti family’s models reveal a "literary man" style from head to toe, from the inside to the outside. The arch-shaped front of the car itself gives people an innate confidence. Coupled with chrome trim and the air intake grille that looks like water ripples, it adds some elegant, knowledgeable and tasteful tonality. All-LED large lights with adaptive front lighting system and high-beam assist technology, the LED light eyebrows are said to have been revised by design director Alfonso and his team for a long time before they finally settled on the current top pick angle that is just right from any angle.

From the details, the Jaguar XE is obviously more technologically attractive than the Infiniti Q50. Although the detailed design of the Infiniti Q50 also has its own style and is commendable in many places, it is still not as extreme in terms of technology as the Jaguar XE. In the past, the LED light group inside the headlight was just a simple line, but it outlined the overall atmosphere of dynamic, literary and technological sense. In addition, the Jaguar brand LOGO also has an innate aristocratic temperament, and the overall brand perception is more "tall" than Infiniti.

From the perspective of body size, the length, width and height of the Jaguar XE are 4672/1850/1416mm respectively, and the length, width and height of the Q50 are 4802/1823/1416mm respectively. The length of the Q50 is slightly larger, and there is no essential difference in other parts. The wheelbases of the two are 2835mm and 2850mm respectively, still slightly larger than the Infiniti Q50.

The Jaguar XE is based on the iQ intelligent all-aluminum architecture. More than 75% of the body is made of aluminum, and the lightweight performance is particularly outstanding, far exceeding other similar models. Although the body is light in weight, it is also extremely strong and its torsional rigidity is extremely high. This is its biggest advantage over the Infiniti Q50.

Poster

1905 movie network news　The Hollywood action crime movie "Jedi Men: Fast Pursuit" released the New Year’s countdown preview on December 31. The film was created by Hollywood gold producer Jerry Bruckheimer, and the "Emperor" Will Smith and Martin Lawrence returned to lead the lead. The "Mouth Cannon Duo" will not only continue to have fun and fight each other, but will also stage a series of passionate and bloody gun battles. A sturdy and wild annual action feast is about to be presented to the audience. The movie has been scheduled for release in North America on January 17, 2020, and the surprise will start the year to the end.

　

"Jedi Men: Fast Pursuit"Poster

"Mouth Cannon Duo" activates sand sculpture mode　

And they fight.

In the New Year’s countdown preview, the "Mouth Cannon Duo" continues the classic joyous exchange of scenes. Will Smith and Martin Lawrence play Miami police detective partners Mike and Marcus, who surround the suspect under the cover of the party atmosphere, turn on the sand sculpture mode, and use rap rap to "pressure" the suspect. Then the preview changed, and as the countdown began, a variety of thrilling and exciting action scenes followed. From Will Smith driving a Porsche sports car to the extreme drift show, to the wild pursuit of violent motorcycles in the street, to the thrilling scenes of all kinds of wild bombardment, all of which made people boil.

The start of the countdown not only brought the exciting rhythm of the trailer to a climax, but also served as a New Year’s countdown to predict the coming of 2020. Mike and Marcus not only formed a deep friendship during countless life and death missions, but also built them into the most legendary "Jedi Men" in Miami. What new crises and challenges will this "ace partner" encounter in the new year? Let’s wait and see.

"Jedi Men: Fast Pursuit" poster

Hollywood gold producer heavy blessing　

The annual action blockbuster is highly anticipated

In addition to starring Will Smith and Martin Lawrence, the movie "Jedi Men: Fast Pursuit" also has Hollywood gold producer Jerry Bruckheimer’s full blessing. As a famous gold producer in Hollywood, Jerry Bruckheimer is especially good at packaging big scenes and big action commercial blockbusters. The movies he has blessed are all box office hits. According to incomplete statistics, they have swept the box office of more than 16 billion dollars worldwide, and the series and other movies are even more famous in film history.

The combination of gold producer Jerry Bruckheimer and box office and acting director Will Smith not only guarantees the word-of-mouth and quality of the movie, but also makes the audience look forward to the shock of the big scenes and big action shots in the movie. At the same time, "Jedi Men: Fast Pursuit", as Will Smith’s first action blockbuster in 2020, will continue to show off his muscles and super skills in the movie, and the familiar skills of talking and talking jokes will be launched again. Will Smith, who can speak and fight, will bring more surprises to everyone in the movie.

"Jedi Men: Fast Pursuit" poster

"Jedi Men: Fast Pursuit" is co-directed by Adil El Abbey and Bilal Farah, supported by Hollywood gold producer Jerry Bruckheimer, and co-starred by "The King" Will Smith (,,), Martin Lawrence (series), Vanessa Hudgens () and other stars. The film has been finalized in North America on January 17, 2020.

Last night, our country successfully launched the first solar exploration science and technology test satellite "Xihe" at the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center, marking our country’s entry into the era of "sun exploration". The full name of "Xihe" is the solar H α spectral detection and double super platform science and technology test satellite. What is H α? What does "double super" mean? What mysteries can this satellite detect about the sun? Jiefang Daily Shangguan News reporter interviewed Shi Wei, director of the Shanghai Planetarium Network Science Department.

The radiation that jumps from the third floor to the second floor is Hα

Hα, pronounced the "hydrogen alpha coefficient," refers to a spectral line of a hydrogen atom with a wavelength of 656.281 nanometers, which lies in the red range of visible light. What is a hydrogen atomic spectral line? According to the Bohr model of the atom, electrons do not move around the nucleus in a specific orbit within the atom, Shi Wei explained, but in an "orbit" with a quantized distribution of energy.

The so-called quantum is the inseparable smallest unit of a physical quantity. A physical quantity is quantized if it cannot be changed continuously and can only take some discrete values. It is like taking a staircase, we can only climb one step, not half. Scientists have found that many physical quantities in the microscopic world are quantized. For example, the energy of electrons in hydrogen atoms can only take one basic value – 13.6 electron volts or its 1/4, 1/9, 1/16, 1/25, etc., but not 2 times or 1/2, 1/3.

There are countless energy levels outside the nucleus of a hydrogen atom, and each energy level can be regarded as an orbital, and the energy levels are discontinuous and uneven. Although a hydrogen atom has only one electron, it can appear at any energy level and can transition between energy levels. Electrons jump from energy level "n = 3" to "n = 2", releasing light of a specific energy, which is the Hα emission line.

Electrons jump from energy level n = 3 to n = 2, releasing light of a specific energy, which is the H alpha emission line. (Source: Wikipedia)

"You can think of the orbit of an electron outside the nucleus of a hydrogen atom as the various floors of a building. The ground is the nucleus, and each floor is an energy level. From the bottom to the top, it is marked with n = 1, n = 2, n = 3, and so on." Physicists refer to the spectral lines emitted by electrons that jump from the third floor and above to the second floor as the "Balmer system" (named after the physicist John Balmer), Shi Wei said. The radiation that jumps from the third floor to the second floor is called Hα, from the fourth floor to the second floor is called Hβ, from the fifth floor to the second floor is called Hγ, and so on.

Red light H α is the brightest hydrogen spectral line in the visible spectrum. By observing this band of light, astronomers can understand the atmospheric characteristics of the solar spherical and chromospheric layers, as well as atmospheric activities such as solar prominences, and analyze the changes in atmospheric temperature, speed and other physical quantities during solar outbursts, so as to deeply study the dynamic process and physical mechanism of solar outbursts.

Full-time faces in the Hα band (Photo by Alan Friedman)

Double super platform technology has broad application prospects

The "Xihe" satellite adopts a "dual super" satellite platform design with ultra-high pointing accuracy and ultra-high stability, which greatly improves the pointing accuracy and attitude stability of the load.

In this regard, Shi Wei explained that a satellite generally consists of a platform and a load. The satellite platform is responsible for the system service and guarantee of the entire satellite, including control, propulsion, thermal control and other systems. The load is the detector that performs scientific tasks, such as CCD cameras, particle detectors, magnetometers, etc. Traditional satellite designs directly connect the load to the platform, and the directivity and stability of the load are completely realized by the platform. However, the platform is "dynamic" and the load is "static" – when the satellite is in orbit, the micro-vibration of the platform cannot be avoided, and the load needs to be accurately pointed at the target at all times, so the pointing accuracy and stability of the load are always restricted by the vibration of the platform.

In order to solve this contradiction, the satellite development team made an innovation in design, dividing the satellite platform into two cabins – the platform cabin and the payload cabin. The platform cabin contains the structure subsystem, the integrated electronic subsystem, the measurement and control subsystem, the data transmission subsystem, the power subsystem, the attitude and orbit control subsystem, the electric flotation control subsystem and the cabin connection unlocking subsystem. The payload cabin contains the structure of the payload cabin, the integrated electronics of the payload cabin and the load. The effect of "dynamic and static isolation and leader/follower coordination" is achieved by using electric flotation control between the two cabins.

Dual Supersatellite Load Design (Source: School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, Nanjing University)

Using this "airframe anti-shake" technology, the directivity and stability of the payload are improved by 1-2 orders of magnitude compared with traditional satellites, which will make the "Xihe" more accurate and stable when "taking pictures" in space, and obtain higher-quality images.

In the future, the dual super platform technology will be widely used in space missions such as high-resolution ground detailed investigation, large-scale three-dimensional mapping, and exoplanet discovery, which is expected to promote the leap-forward development of space science and technology implementation in our country.

　　Zhou Qi, reporter of China Economic Weekly

　　Tencent sued Laoganma incident again waves.

　　On July 1, the Shuanglong Branch of the Guiyang Public Security Bureau issued a notice saying that after preliminary investigation, three suspects had pretended to be Laoganma staff to sign a cooperation agreement with Tencent in order to obtain the online game gift package code presented by Tencent in the promotion activities. The suspected crime has been criminally detained.

　　Previously, in the case of Tencent v. Laoganma Service Contract Dispute, the People’s Court of Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong ruled to seize and freeze Laoganma’s 16.24 million yuan property, which triggered heated discussions among netizens.

　　Now, the announcement of the Guizhou police confirmed that Tencent was indeed "deceived". What should be done with the ruling of the Nanshan District Court? Why did the Nanshan District Court fail to identify that the contract was forged? Has Tencent really never lost a lawsuit in the Nanshan District Court?

　　If the case is a criminal case, the court shall refer it to the public security organ

　　The documents of China Judgment Document Network show that the plaintiff Tencent filed a property preservation application with the Shenzhen Nanshan District Court, requesting the seizure and freezing of the defendants Guiyang Nanming Laoganma Flavor Food Sales Co., Ltd. and Guiyang Nanming Laoganma Flavor Food Co., Ltd. with a value of RMB 16.24 million yuan., Xinjiang Qianhai United Property Insurance Co., Ltd. Shenzhen Branch and PICC Property Insurance Shenzhen Branch provided credit guarantee for the property insurance in this case.

　　The People’s Court of Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong held that the plaintiff’s application complied with the law, and ruled to seal up and freeze the bank deposits worth 16.24 million yuan under the names of the defendants Guiyang Nanming Laoganma Flavor Food Sales Co., Ltd., Guiyang Nanming Laoganma Flavor Food Co., Ltd., or seal up or seize other property of equivalent value.

　　Zhang Zhengxin, a lawyer at Beijing Yingke (Tianjin) Law Firm, introduced that the civil ruling of the Nanshan District People’s Court ruling to preserve the property 16.24 million Laoganma Company does not mean that Tencent has won the case. Property preservation ruling and case victory are two different things. As long as the application for property preservation has a certain factual basis and provides guarantee, the court must make a timely ruling. Tencent has submitted the corresponding guarantee, and it is understandable that the Nanshan court has made a preservation ruling.

　　The first paragraph of Article 100 of the Civil Procedure Law stipulates that: In cases where the execution of the judgment may be difficult or cause other damage to the party due to the actions of one of the parties or other reasons, the people’s court may, upon the application of the other party, order the party to preserve his property, order him to perform certain acts or prohibit him from performing certain acts. The third paragraph stipulates: After the people’s court accepts the application, if the situation is urgent, it must make a ruling within 48 hours; if the ruling is to take preservation measures, it shall begin to execute it immediately.

　　Zhang Zhengxin believes that Tencent’s application to preserve the property of Lao Ganma worth more than 10 million yuan and the guarantee provided are urgent, so the Nanshan District People’s Court must make a timely ruling.

　　So, after the Guizhou police intervened and filed an investigation, is the ruling made by the Nanshan court still valid?

　　According to Zhang Zhengxin, Article 11 of the Supreme People’s Court’s Provisions on Several Issues Involving Suspicions of Economic Crimes in the Trial of Economic Dispute Cases stipulates that: If a case accepted by a people’s court as an economic dispute is not an economic dispute case and is suspected of economic crimes after trial, it shall rule to dismiss the prosecution and transfer the relevant materials to the public security organ or the procuratorial organ. "That is to say, if Laoganma successfully reports a criminal case, and the economic dispute is indeed a criminal case, the Nanshan court shall rule to reject Tencent’s lawsuit and transfer the relevant materials to the public security organ."

　　"It is estimated that Tencent will withdraw the case unless there are other details in the case. Because of the criminal investigation stage, many issues are still unclear. For example, whether these three people were originally employees of Lao Ganma, and they had come to represent Lao Ganma and Tencent before. If Tencent knew that they had been deceived before, it would definitely not sue. The follow-up will definitely be from the scammers," Zhang Zhengxin told China Economic Weekly.

　　Although Tencent’s winning rate is high, it has also passed through Maicheng

　　Previously, because Tencent repeatedly sued and won in the Nanshan court, it was jokingly called "Nanshan Pizza Hut" by netizens.

　　The China Economic Weekly reporter inquired about the China Judgment Document Network, and the results showed that among the cases officially decided by the Nanshan District Court, there were 4,533 cases related to Tencent Computer Systems Co., Ltd. Random browsing by China Economic Weekly found that many cases in which Tencent was the defendant, and the plaintiff eventually withdrew the case.

　　For example, in the top 10 search results, eight of the defendants were Tencent Computer Systems Co., Ltd., and the plaintiffs all applied for withdrawal, and the court ruled that the withdrawal complied with the regulations.

　　Tencent Technology, which often appears in the original/dock together with Tencent Computer Systems Co., Ltd., is more representative.

　　According to the reporter’s incomplete statistics, China Judgment Document Network has included 61 cases in which Tencent Technology has been the original/defendant of the Nanshan District Court since 2016. Among them, Tencent Technology has been the plaintiff in 55 cases and the defendant in 6 cases. Tencent Technology has basically won the case. In addition, there are 397 rulings related to Tencent Technology in the Nanshan District Court.

　　According to China Judgment Document Network, in the case where Tencent Technology and Tencent Computer Systems Co., Ltd. are the plaintiffs, there are many well-known companies such as Panda Entertainment, Hero Entertainment, and Ali Merchandise. Among them, Tencent and Ali have the largest number of cases over music copyright disputes, involving the largest amount. According to preliminary statistics, since 2016, Tencent Technology and Tencent Computer Systems Co., Ltd. have sued Ali Merchandise in Nanshan Court in no less than 18 cases, and the court has ruled that Ali Merchandise should pay compensation of not less than 2363.1 million yuan.

　　However, while Tencent’s legal team is powerful, there are times when it loses out.

　　In February 2019, the IT Home website published an article "Doing Social, Tencent Forced". Tencent believed that many of the contents of this article constituted slander, and then sued the Qingdao Intermediate People’s Court, requesting that IT Home publish an apology statement on its registered or operated IT Home and other media channels for 30 days, compensating Tencent for its economic losses and reasonable expenses totaling 3 million yuan.

　　After losing the case by the Qingdao Intermediate People’s Court, IT Home appealed to the Shandong Provincial Higher People’s Court. The Shandong Provincial Higher People’s Court held that IT Home’s comments were based on relevant reports by authoritative media, did not fabricate or disseminate misinformation and misleading information, and only made legitimate comments on Tencent’s business practices. Although some words were too sharp, they still belonged to the scope of comments and would not mislead the public. On May 14, 2020, the Shandong Provincial Higher People’s Court finally revoked the first-instance judgment and rejected Tencent’s lawsuit.

　　Regarding Tencent’s title of "Nanshan Pizza Hut", Zhang Zhengxin believes that any case has the possibility of losing, even the lawsuit filed by Tencent in the Nanshan court cannot reach 100% victory. The court must make a judgment based on facts and take the law as the criterion.