标签： 杭州龙凤网

In the process of applying for graduate students, many students are often confused about "the difference between guaranteeing research and avoiding it". In fact, although these two concepts are related to some extent, there are obvious differences in specific operations and requirements. In this article, I will analyze the differences between the two in detail to help you better understand and choose the path that suits you.

Security ResearchThat is, "recommending graduate students without examination" refers to students who have performed well in the undergraduate stage and can be recommended to graduate schools by their institutions, exempting them from the national postgraduate entrance examination. This policy is mainly aimed at students with excellent academic performance, outstanding scientific research ability and high comprehensive quality.

BrahMos supersonic cruise missile jointly developed by Russia and India [data picture]

BrahMos supersonic cruise missile jointly developed by Russia and India [data picture]

On November 26, Indian Defense Minister Shri AK Antony revealed many Indian defense plans in a written reply to members of the People’s House of India’s lower house.

India-Israel defense cooperation

This is a proposal to cooperate with Israel to develop advanced medium-range air-to-air missiles. The plan will meet the national defense needs of India and foreign troops including Israel. Due to national security concerns, the details of the mission were not disclosed.

military transport aircraft

The Indian government is handling a proposal to purchase C-130J transport aircraft for the Air Force. No purchase contract has been signed yet. In addition, there is a proposal for India and Russia to jointly develop medium-sized transport aircraft.

BrahMos missile

Indian Navy and Indian Air Force have successfully developed BrahMos supersonic cruise missile with Russia. The research and development of air-to-air missiles has been approved and is being integrated with the Indian Air Force SU-30 MKI.

The redesign and development of air-launched missiles have been completed, and tests are being prepared. The design of universal launchers that can launch different types of missiles has also begun. The experiment is expected to be completed in 2009.

Indian Defense Minister Refutes Media’s "China Army Invasion Theory"

Some Indian media hype about the so-called "invasion of China’s army" is really endless. Just 10 days after an Indian parliamentarian slandered "China’s invasion of Arunachal Pradesh" on November 21st, the Times of India quoted an anonymous army officer as saying on December 1st that China’s troops crossed the border and demolished several Indian posts and bunkers. Continuous unreasonable accusations and random hype make it difficult for Indian Defense Minister Anthony to sit idly by. As soon as The Times of India reported this story, he once again refuted the so-called "China Army Invasion Theory", which attracted more attention from Indian media. Read the full text ""

India will test domestic interceptor missiles next month, claiming to be comparable to Patriots.

According to the "India Times" reported on November 26th, the Indian army will use domestic equipment to conduct ballistic missile interception test next month, hoping to be invincible while holding the nuclear sword high. According to reports, the anti-missile test scheduled to be implemented in early December will be launched at the Balasol base in Orissa, eastern India. At that time, a "Dadi" missile simulating an enemy attack will be the first to take off. The anti-missile force located on Wheeler Island, 80 kilometers away, will immediately use the long-range search radar to track it, and choose the opportunity to launch an interceptor missile to accurately destroy the target at a height of 15 ~ 20 kilometers. According to the Indian military, all the core components of other systems are independently produced except for some imported technologies used in the early warning radar. Read the full text ""

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Editor: Cao Jin

Notice of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, and the Ministry of Transport on the Pilot Work of Intelligent Networked Vehicle Access and Road Access

Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Unicom Zhuang [2023] No.217

Departments in charge of industry and informatization of all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, public security departments (bureaus), housing and urban-rural construction departments (bureaus, committees), transportation departments (bureaus, committees), communication administrations of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, relevant automobile production enterprises, industry organizations and technical service institutions:

In order to implement the "Opinions on Strengthening the Access Management of Intelligent Networked Automobile Manufacturers and Products", promote the popularization and application of intelligent networked automobiles, and improve the performance and safe operation level of intelligent networked automobiles, According to the Road Traffic Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China, Network Security Law of the People’s Republic of China, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Data Security Law, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Safety Production Law, Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on Road Transportation, Measures for the Administration of Road Motor Vehicle Production Enterprises and Products Access, and Several Provisions on the Safety Management of Automobile Data (for Trial Implementation), the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the Ministry of Transport decided to carry out the pilot work of intelligent networked vehicle access and road traffic. The relevant matters are hereby notified as follows:

I. General requirements

On the basis of intelligent networked automobile road test and demonstration application, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the Ministry of Transport selected intelligent networked automobile products with automatic driving function (hereinafter referred to as intelligent networked automobile products) with mass production conditions to carry out access pilots; For the intelligent networked automobile products that have obtained access, pilot projects will be carried out in a limited area. Vehicles used for transportation operations must meet the operational qualifications and operational management requirements of the transportation authorities. In this notice, the automatic driving function of intelligent networked vehicles refers to the three-level driving automation (conditional automatic driving) and four-level driving automation (highly automatic driving) functions (hereinafter referred to as the automatic driving function) defined by the national standard "Automobile Driving Automation Classification" (GB/T 40429-2021).

Second, the work objectives

Through the pilot work, we will guide intelligent networked automobile manufacturers and users to strengthen capacity building, promote the function and performance improvement of intelligent networked automobile products and the iterative optimization of industrial ecology under the premise of ensuring safety, and promote the high-quality development of intelligent networked automobile industry. Accumulate management experience based on pilot demonstration, support the revision of relevant laws, regulations and technical standards, and accelerate the improvement of intelligent networked automobile production access management and road traffic safety management systems.

Third, organize the implementation

(1) Pilot declaration

Automobile production enterprises and users form a consortium, refer to the implementation guide (Annex 1), make a declaration plan (refer to Annex 2 for the template), and after the people’s government of the city (including the jurisdiction under the municipality directly under the Central Government) agrees and seals it, voluntarily declare it to the local provincial-level industrial and information technology authorities. The city where the vehicle is to be operated should have the conditions of policy guarantee, infrastructure and safety management. The provincial department in charge of industry and information technology shall, jointly with the traffic management and network security department of the provincial public security organ, the housing and urban-rural construction department, the transportation department and the Communications Administration, review the application plan and submit it to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology before December 20, 2023 (three copies of paper version and one copy of electronic CD). After the centralized declaration, the provincial department in charge of industry and information technology can submit a supplementary declaration plan to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology according to the development of intelligent networked automobile technology and industry, pilot implementation and consortium declaration.

The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, and the Ministry of Transport organized experts to conduct a preliminary review of the application plan and select the consortium that entered the pilot.

(2) Pilot implementation

1. Product access pilot

(1) Testing and safety assessment

Pilot automobile production enterprises should refine and improve the access test and safety assessment scheme of intelligent networked automobile products, and carry out product testing and safety assessment under the supervision of provincial competent departments and government departments of cities where vehicles operate after confirmation by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Ministry of Public Security. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology entrusts technical service agencies to evaluate the scheme, implementation and results of product testing and safety evaluation. Pilot automobile production enterprises should connect vehicles to the pilot management system of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology according to the monitoring requirements.

(2) product access permit

After the pilot automobile production enterprises have passed the product testing and safety assessment, they can submit the application for product access to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology shall, according to the relevant regulations on the access management of road motor vehicle manufacturers and products, make a decision on whether to access after acceptance, examination and publicity. If access is decided, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology shall announce the restrictive measures such as intelligent networked automobile products and their access validity period and implementation area according to regulations.

2. Pilot road traffic

Intelligent networked automobile products that have obtained access will be piloted in a limited area. The pilot users shall purchase insurance for vehicles, apply for registration, monitor the running status of vehicles, and strengthen the safety guarantee of vehicle operation. Before the vehicle registration, if the applicant applies for the change of the pilot use subject, the supplementary materials shall be submitted as required. Those who use vehicles to engage in transportation business shall also have the operation qualification of the corresponding business category and meet the operation management requirements.

3. Emergency treatment

During the implementation of the pilot, for traffic accidents, network and data security incidents, or emergencies caused by the failure of the automatic driving system of vehicles, the pilot users, the pilot automobile production enterprises and the government departments of the cities where the vehicles operate should do a good job in handling according to the relevant emergency plans, and report the handling process and results to the provincial authorities in time, which will report them to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Transport and other relevant departments.

(3) Suspension and withdrawal of the pilot

During the pilot period, the vehicle is involved in road traffic safety violations and traffic accidents suspected of potential safety hazards, and the pilot automobile production enterprises or users have failed to fulfill their safety responsibilities and obligations of network security, data security and radio security protection, etc., so the pilot should be suspended and rectified. The vehicle automatic driving system has serious safety hazards that cannot be eliminated, and the relevant conditions of the pilot automobile production enterprises and the pilot users have changed significantly, which can not guarantee the pilot implementation, and so on, and should be withdrawn from the pilot.

(4) Evaluation and adjustment

The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, and the Ministry of Transport timely evaluate the vehicle operation, optimize and adjust the product access permit, traffic scope and business scope, and timely adjust and improve the relevant contents of the pilot implementation guide for intelligent networked vehicle access and road traffic according to the development of industry and technology.

Fourth, safeguard measures

(A) to strengthen organizational leadership

The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, and the Ministry of Transport strengthened work coordination and data sharing to ensure the orderly progress of the pilot work. Provincial authorities should strengthen overall planning and coordination, strictly do a good job in reporting and auditing, and urge and guide the government departments, pilot automobile production enterprises and users of the cities where the vehicles are running to implement the main responsibilities. The government departments of the cities where the vehicles are running establish organizational mechanisms, implement policy guarantees, carefully screen and organize basic and characteristic declaration schemes in combination with local actual conditions, earnestly fulfill safety management responsibilities, strengthen daily monitoring and management, and properly deal with safety risks and emergencies.

(2) Strengthen the implementation of responsibilities

The pilot automobile production enterprises bear the main responsibility for the quality and production consistency of intelligent networked automobile products, and it is strictly forbidden to change the automatic driving function without authorization, and strictly fulfill the requirements of software upgrade management and filing commitment. The pilot users shall implement the main responsibilities of road traffic safety, network safety and data safety, and establish and improve relevant safety management systems and measures to ensure the safe operation of vehicles.

(3) Create a good environment

The government departments of the cities where the vehicles are running should provide support and guarantee in terms of policies, planning, infrastructure, safety management, operational qualifications, etc., accelerate the improvement of their capabilities, and encourage the integrated, intensive and collaborative construction of the urban intelligent networked automobile safety monitoring platform and other government information management systems. Industry organizations and institutions will strengthen policy propaganda and public opinion guidance on the pilot work, accelerate the improvement of technical service capabilities such as inspection and safety assessment of intelligent networked vehicles, and create a good environment for the pilot work.

(4) Do a good job in summary and promotion.

The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, and the Ministry of Transport regularly organize the evaluation of the implementation effect of the pilot work, sum up experience in a timely manner, unite the consensus of all parties, and gradually improve the policies, laws and regulations, and technical standards for intelligent networked car access, road traffic safety, and transportation management. For the advanced technologies and products, feasible schemes and innovative mechanisms that have been integrated with autonomous driving and "Car Energy Lu Yun" through pilot demonstration, we will sort out and refine the pilot results that can be replicated and popularized, and support further popularization and application.

Attachment:

1. Intelligent networked vehicle access and road traffic pilot implementation guide (Trial). pdf

2. Intelligent networked vehicle access and road traffic pilot declaration scheme (template). pdf

Ministry of Industry and Information Technology

Ministry of Public Security

Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development

Ministry of Transport

November 17, 2023

Talent is the first resource, and it is also a strategic resource to win the initiative of international competition. At present, the development of scientific and technological talents in China has made remarkable achievements, but many aspects of the vitality of scientific and technological talents still do not meet the requirements of high-quality development, and it is urgent to speed up reform.

First, the achievements and shortcomings of scientific and technological talents’ innovation vitality

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the state has attached great importance to the work of scientific and technological talents, and successively issued Opinions on Deepening the Reform of the System and Mechanism of Talent Development, Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Reform of the Evaluation Mechanism of Talents by Classification, Pilot Implementation Plan on Giving Scientific and Technological Researchers the Ownership or Long-term Use Right of Scientific and Technological Achievements, Notice on Implementing the Relevant Documents Giving Scientific and Technological Institutions and Personnel Greater Autonomy, Guiding Opinions on Supporting and Encouraging Professional and Technical Personnel in Institutions to Innovate and Entrepreneurship, which have played an important role in stimulating the innovation vitality of scientific and technological talents. The innovation ability of scientific and technological talents in China has been continuously improved, but the innovation potential still needs to be further explored. Mainly as follows:

(A) the ability of talent innovation has been continuously enhanced, but there is still much room for improvement in the vitality of talent innovation.

China Science and Technology Talents Development Report 2020 shows that the total number of scientific and technological talents in China has increased rapidly. In 2019, the total number of R&D personnel in the country was 7.13 million, 1.3 times that of 2015. However, there is still a big gap between China and developed countries in terms of scientific and technological talent reserve. In 2021, the number of researchers per million people in China was 539, which was lower than that in developed countries such as the United States (3,496), Japan (5,078), Germany (3,168) and France (1916), and the gap with the average level of high-income countries (3,036) was also very obvious (Figure 1).

In 2021, the ranking of China Global Innovation Index has risen from 34th in 2012 to 12th. In recent ten years, the full-time equivalent of R&D personnel in China has also been continuously improved. However, the national R&D researchers account for only 43.9% of the full-time equivalent of R&D personnel, which is lower than that of major economies in the world (50%). Among them, the proportion of full-time equivalent of R&D basic researchers has a downward trend (Figure 2). There is still a big gap between China and the major countries in the world in the investment intensity of R&D personnel and the proportion of basic researchers in R&D personnel. In recent years, the growth rate of R&D personnel in enterprises has slowed down, which needs more attention.

Figure 1 Comparison of scientific and technological talents between China and developed countries in 2021 (person)

Data source: According to the data of International Statistical Yearbook 2021 of the National Bureau of Statistics.

Figure 2 Changes of full-time equivalent of R&D personnel in China from 2011 to 2020 (person-year,%)

Source: Wind database.

(B) The input-output efficiency of scientific research has improved significantly, but the value of human capital of scientific researchers has not been properly reflected.

In recent years, the citation rate of China’s scientific research papers has increased significantly, and it has formed an influence in certain fields. According to the Statistical Report of Scientific Papers in China in 2021, the number of papers in top international journals in China ranks second in the world, rising by two places, and the number of highly cited papers and hot papers continues to rank second in the world, among which international co-authored papers account for 26.2% of the total published papers in China. However, China lacks originality and basic innovation, its core technology and bottom technology are still controlled by others, and its innovation ability still cannot meet the requirements of high-quality development, and there is still a gap with the world-class powers. At present, the transformation rate of scientific and technological achievements in China is only about 10%, and the industrialization rate is less than 5%. Take the proportion of internal expenditure of R&D funds and technology market transactions in GDP as an example, the proportion of basic research is low, and the growth rate is lower than that of internal expenditure of R&D funds. At the same time, the proportion of technology market transactions in GDP is less than 3% (Figure 3). The market-oriented conversion rate of scientific research results is not high, which affects the realization of human capital value of scientific researchers.

Figure 3 Changes of R&D investment in China from 2011 to 2020 (RMB 10,000,%)

Source: According to the Wind database.

From the realization of human capital value of scientific researchers, in recent years, the salary of scientific and technological talents in China has increased steadily, but compared with other types of personnel at the same level, the salary level of scientific and technological personnel is still not competitive, and the salary level of scientific and technological personnel does not match its contribution. According to the salary survey data of enterprises in Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the median salary of engineering technicians, agricultural technicians and health professionals in China in 2021 was 71,000 yuan/year, 49,400 yuan/year and 57,100 yuan/year respectively, which was lower than the salary level of management, finance and IT (Table 1). From the comparison of job types in enterprises, taking the median salary as an example, the salary level of professional and technical personnel in the same rank is lower than that of management personnel (Table 2). In terms of industries, the wages of professional and technical personnel are generally above the average level of regulated enterprises, but in most industries, such as mining and manufacturing, the wages of professional and technical personnel are lower than those of managers of the same rank.

Table 1 Comparison of salaries of professional and technical personnel in China in 2021 (10,000 yuan/year)

Source: Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security.

Table 2 Comparison of salaries of technical and management personnel in China in 2021 (10,000 yuan/year)

Source: Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security.

(3) The level of scientific research opening has been greatly improved, but the phenomenon of brain drain is still outstanding.

In recent years, the level of scientific and technological talents’ foreign academic exchanges and scientific research cooperation in China has been continuously enhanced. According to Statistics of Scientific Papers in China in 2021 published by China Science and Technology Information Research, from 2011 to 2021, the proportion of papers produced by 10 disciplines in China exceeded 20% in the world. Among the international papers published in China in 2020, there were 144,500 international co-authored papers, up by 11.1% year-on-year. International co-authored papers account for 26.2% of the total published papers in China, and international co-authored papers with China as the first author account for 69.3% of all international co-authored papers in China, with partners involving 169 countries (regions).

However, for a long time, the loss of scientific and technological talents abroad, and the loss of scientific and technological talents from state-owned departments to the private sector is still relatively common. According to the data of the Ministry of Education, in 2022, nearly 700,000 China students chose to stay abroad, and the proportion of Tsinghua University and Peking University studying abroad reached 14.2% and 18.9%, while the proportion of Qingbei students returning to China was only 20%. According to a survey conducted by the Paulson Foundation in the United States in 2020, about 60% of AI scientists in the world work in American universities, companies or private research institutions, and two-thirds of them come to the United States for further study after graduating from other countries. The main source of students is China, accounting for 27%, and 32,000 Chinese scientists have voluntarily become American citizens. There are many high-end talents among them.

In addition, the state-owned sector is also facing the challenge of the flow of scientific and technological talents to private enterprises. According to the research and development center of China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology on Aerospace Science and Technology Group, from 2012 to 2016, the total number of people leaving the main institutions of the group showed an upward trend, with the annual turnover rate exceeding 10%, and the loss was concentrated in the young and middle-aged backbone groups under 35.

Second, development concepts, institutional mechanisms and talent policies affect the release of talent vitality.

With the rapid changes of economic, social and technological progress, the traditional management mode of scientific and technological talents has not adapted to the development requirements of the new era, and the scientific research management system and mechanism restrict the development of scientific and technological talents’ innovation and creativity. At present, we need to stimulate the vitality of scientific and technological talents more than at any time in history, and it is urgent to press the "acceleration button" for talent reform.

(A) The concept of talent development, some regions and departments have failed to pay attention to the all-round development of people and the diversified demands of talents.

Some cadres have not fully applied the development law of scientific and technological talents, some ways of thinking are still in the era of planned economy, and some important decisions often "see things but not people", which is not enough to mobilize the enthusiasm of scientific and technological talents. In some jobs, there are many elements about the importance of talents, but there are not many practical and effective measures to stimulate the vitality of talents. Some state-owned units are still stuck in the traditional personnel management mode, and the talent management mode is extensive and backward, emphasizing material incentives and neglecting the shaping of talent environment. There are still many institutional and institutional obstacles in personnel training, introduction, use, motivation and mobility, and the system of introducing foreign talents and high-end skilled immigrants is still not perfect.

The concept of all-round development of scientific and technological talents has not yet been formed, the training of top-notch innovative talents is lagging behind, the education system has put too much emphasis on result orientation, and the atmosphere of attaching importance to exam-oriented education and knowledge infusion, ignoring interest cultivation and innovation discovery is still very strong. Some highly educated international students have global vision and cutting-edge knowledge, and have been integrated into the forefront of global scientific and technological development. However, the attraction of these talents returning to China for development is insufficient, and the brain drain problem is still outstanding. There is still a big gap between China and the global talent center.

The "administrative color" of scientific research personnel management is still very prominent, which emphasizes management over service. There are many reports, many approvals and long time-consuming in the declaration and evaluation of scientific research projects, and scientific research personnel have to spend a lot of time and energy in administrative affairs. There are too many detailed items in the budget of scientific research funds, and many requirements are not suitable for the uncertainty and periodicity of scientific research activities. There are many restrictions on the payment of wages and labor expenses for scientific research funds, and the knowledge labor of scientific research personnel cannot be properly reflected. Excessive frequent assessment restricts the initiative of scientific and technological talents to concentrate on research. According to a survey conducted by the Policy Research Group of the Talent Center of the Ministry of Science and Technology, the three measures that scientific and technological talents most want to speed up implementation are loosening burdens, supporting talents to carry out basic research for a long time and giving them greater autonomy, with the selection ratios of 40.2%, 35.9% and 32.8% respectively.

(B) Talent incentive mechanism, the decisive role of the market in the allocation of talent resources is not fully played.

The system and mechanism to promote the entrepreneurship of scientific and technological talent officers need to be further optimized, the decisive role of the market in the allocation of human resources has not been fully exerted, and the human capital value of scientific and technological talents has not been properly reflected. In recent years, the internationalization, marketization and competitiveness of scientific and technological personnel in China’s state-owned departments have been continuously improved. However, in some state-owned enterprises, the problems of "lying flat", "Buddhism" and overstaffed personnel are still outstanding. Due to strict identity management, low salary and narrow promotion space, some state-owned departments have lost their own scientific and technological talents, and the ranks of scientific and technological talents are unstable.

Due to the unreasonable performance appraisal and salary distribution system, some units can not reflect more work and more pay, and distribution according to work, which leads to many scientific and technological talents in state-owned enterprises doing more and doing less, and doing the same with not doing it. There are also some enterprises that lack an incentive job development system, which makes it difficult for scientific and technological talents to be promoted and moved. Some talents can’t see their career development prospects and their entrepreneurial enthusiasm can’t be mobilized. In some public-owned units, the talent incentive means is single, so it is difficult to mobilize the entrepreneurial enthusiasm of talent officers, and the reform of salary distribution such as equity incentive is slow. Especially under the background of digital economy, human capital elements play a prominent role in various enterprises, but the human capital value of core technicians and outstanding operators has not been properly reflected after the reform. The traditional salary system, which mainly focuses on wages and bonuses, can no longer meet the needs of enterprise development. The reform of state-owned enterprises in market-oriented selection, contractual management, differentiated salary and market-oriented exit is not in place, and they cannot retain core talents, so they are at a relative disadvantage in talent competition.

(C) In terms of talent policy, there are problems such as weak pertinence, difficult implementation and untimely evaluation.

In recent years, in order to mobilize the enthusiasm of scientific research talents, many talent policies have been issued from the central government to the local government, such as Guiding Opinions on Supporting and Encouraging the Innovation and Entrepreneurship of Professional and Technical Personnel in Institutions and Guiding Opinions on Implementing the Distribution Policy Oriented to Increasing Knowledge Value. However, there are still some problems in the process of policy implementation, such as weak pertinence, difficult implementation, lack of supporting facilities and untimely evaluation, which cause "good policies" to fail to achieve "good results". Take actively encouraging scientific researchers to take part-time jobs, take part in projects and start businesses as an example. Due to the lack of supporting implementation rules, some scientific research units are difficult to grasp who can take part-time jobs, how to manage part-time workers and how to confirm knowledge achievements, and there are practical difficulties such as "thinking out" and "going out can’t come back". The lack of evaluation of the talent policy that has been implemented for a period of time is not conducive to policy iteration, and it is not conducive to timely adjustment, which affects the effect of policy implementation.　

Third, countermeasures and suggestions

Talent vitality is "released", not "managed". It is suggested to further change the concept of talents, speed up the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform in the field of talents, optimize the talent policy, create a better talent ecology, and create conditions for further releasing the vitality of talents.

The first is to change the concept of talent development and promote the development of talent career with comprehensive evaluation of talents.In terms of talent concept, it is necessary to further improve the evaluation system of scientific and technological talents with classification, scientific diversity and openness. According to the job characteristics, set evaluation indicators, and recognize the performance of job responsibilities, participation in scientific research work, high-level papers published, and the effectiveness of achievements transformation as contributions, so as to avoid using only signed achievements as the basis for assessment and evaluation.

The second is to speed up the reform of the system of scientific and technological talents and stimulate the innovation vitality of scientific and technological talents with the guidance of increasing knowledge value.On the basis of ensuring the normal growth of the basic salary level, we will gradually increase the basic salary that reflects the innovative talents to perform their duties and responsibilities, and increase the autonomy of performance pay. We will increase the sharing ratio of scientific and technological achievements of researchers, and increase the fruitful income of researchers through multiple channels. Give researchers the long-term right to use their scientific and technological achievements for not less than 10 years, and clarify the specific operation methods for researchers to take part-time jobs.

The third is to speed up the reform of "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" for scientific and technological talents and further create "relaxation" for scientific research.Give scientists more power to decide the technical route, control more funds and dispatch more resources, and accelerate the formation of strategic fulcrum and yan zhen pattern. Promote scientific research units to reduce the frequency of assessment, implement medium-and long-term assessment such as employment period assessment and project cycle assessment, and simplify and dilute the usual assessment. Open major national scientific research infrastructure and large-scale scientific research instruments to the society, and improve the use efficiency of scientific research equipment and the synergistic effect of innovation.

The fourth is to optimize all kinds of talent policies and actively shape the ecological environment of scientific and technological talents suitable for people to give full play to their talents.Vigorously carry forward the spirit of "two bombs and one satellite" with innovation as the core in the whole society, and vigorously cultivate an environment that encourages innovation and tolerates failure. Consultation channels should be established for management issues and financial systems with strong policies, and good practices, experiences and cases of local and unit scientific and technological talents development should be well publicized.　

(The author Qian Cheng is an associate researcher at the Institute of Public Administration and Human Resources of the State Council Development Research Center; Feng Wenmeng is a researcher at the Institute of Public Administration and Human Resources of the State Council Development Research Center)

　　People’s Daily Online, Beijing, January 4 (Zhu Jiang) "China is one of the countries most seriously affected by marine disasters in the world." The reporter learned from the Ministry of Natural Resources that according to the statistics of the Marine Early Warning and Monitoring Department, in the past 10 years, the average annual direct economic loss of marine disasters was 11.7 billion yuan, with an average annual death (including missing) of 93 people. In recent 30 years, the average sea level rise rate in China is 3.3 mm/year, which is higher than the global average. Under the background of global climate change, the risk of major marine disasters along the coast is becoming increasingly prominent. With the rapid increase of marine economic activities, the offshore waters are seriously polluted and the marine ecological environment is destroyed.

　　During the institutional reform of the central and state organs, the Ministry of Natural Resources set up a marine early warning and monitoring department to fulfill the responsibilities of marine disaster prevention and mitigation, whose main responsibilities include "formulating policies and systems for marine observation and forecast and marine scientific investigation and supervising their implementation. To carry out marine ecological early warning and monitoring, disaster prevention, risk assessment and hidden danger investigation and management, and issue warnings and bulletins. Construction and management of the national global ocean stereoscopic observation network, and organization of marine scientific investigation and survey. Participate in emergency response to major marine disasters. "

　　Wang Hua, deputy director of the Marine Early Warning and Monitoring Department, made it clear that it provided an important organizational guarantee for the effective implementation of the principles, policies and decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on the prevention and control of natural disasters. The first task of the Marine Early Warning and Monitoring Department is to do a good job in the top-level design of marine observation and forecast and marine scientific investigation, and the second is to continuously improve the basic capabilities of marine observation, monitoring and investigation, and further improve the marine early warning and monitoring business system. At the same time, it is necessary to make overall plans for the connection between marine disaster prevention and mitigation, land space planning and ecological protection and restoration.

　　At present, marine early warning and monitoring work faces five problems.

　　"What we are facing is a situation where challenges and opportunities coexist." On November 7, 2018, in a series of interview programs with the Director of the Department of Natural Resources, Wang Hua said that after years of development, marine observation, early warning and disaster reduction have formed a good working foundation. In 2012, the State Council promulgated the Regulations on the Administration of Marine observation and forecast, which filled the legal gap in the work of marine observation and forecast in China. After decades of development, the ocean observation business system has gradually formed, which consists of ocean station network, buoy network, radar network, volunteer ship, satellite remote sensing and so on, basically covering China’s inshore, offshore and some key sea areas. Established a marine forecasting system from national to local. The focus of disaster prevention and mitigation has been constantly moving forward, and the business system of marine disaster risk prevention has basically taken shape.

　　Wang Hua believes that the current marine early warning and monitoring work faces five problems. First, the laws, regulations and institutional standards of marine observation and forecast and related fields of disaster prevention and mitigation are not yet complete. Second, the basic ability still needs to be strengthened. The ocean view monitoring system needs to be further optimized, the ability of deep-sea observation is insufficient, the independent research and development of ocean forecasting and the application level of key technologies need to be improved, and the work of marine disaster risk assessment and hidden danger investigation has not been fully carried out. Third, the information resource sharing mechanism needs to be established. The sharing of information resources in disaster-related fields and the management and coordination of ocean observation activities still need to be strengthened. Fourth, the level of science and technology and the ability of global governance need to be improved, and the participation and voice of international ocean affairs governance are not enough. Fifth, it is necessary to further stimulate the vitality of the market and give full play to the role of market mechanisms and social forces in marine disaster prevention and mitigation.

　　The marine early warning and monitoring department should perform three responsibilities.

　　According to the data of China Organization Network, the main responsibilities of the Marine Early Warning and Monitoring Department are: to formulate policies and systems for marine observation and forecast and marine scientific investigation and supervise their implementation. To carry out marine ecological early warning and monitoring, disaster prevention, risk assessment and hidden danger investigation and management, and issue warnings and bulletins. Construction and management of the national global ocean stereoscopic observation network, and organization of marine scientific investigation and survey. Participate in emergency response to major marine disasters.

　　Wang Hua mentioned that the Marine Early Warning and Monitoring Department should perform three responsibilities: First, implement the important arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council for the prevention and control of natural disasters, and do a good job in the top-level design of marine observation and forecast and marine scientific investigation; The second is to continuously improve the basic capabilities of marine observation, monitoring and investigation, and strengthen the construction of marine ecological early warning and monitoring system; The third is to fully connect with relevant departments and make overall plans for marine disaster prevention and mitigation, land and space planning, ecological protection and restoration.

　　Wang Hua pointed out that in the past, China’s marine observation, forecasting and early warning, disaster reduction and other work were mainly aimed at the physical environment of the ocean and the process of natural disasters. In the future, we should focus more on the principle of realizing "two unifications" (that is, "the Ministry of Natural Resources uniformly exercises the duties of the owner of all natural resources assets of the whole people, and uniformly exercises the duties of controlling all land use and ecological protection and restoration"). For example, accelerate the construction of marine ecological early warning system to provide support for the effective protection of important, sensitive and fragile marine ecosystems; Efforts will be made to strengthen the connection between marine early warning and monitoring, national spatial planning and ecological protection and restoration.

　　The marine early warning and monitoring department will focus on three aspects.

　　Wang Hua said that in the field of marine early warning and monitoring, it is the basic work to dynamically monitor the state of marine resources and environment and grasp the basic situation. It is necessary to find problems through long-term series monitoring, and judge whether the carrying capacity of resources and environment is in a normal state through statistical analysis and evaluation of data, and issue early warning in time. At the same time, put forward some suggestions for specific problems.

　　In this regard, Wang Hua demanded that the next step should focus on three aspects: First, further rationalize the business system, make a good connection with other disaster-related ministries at the national level, and give full play to the supporting role of marine early warning and forecasting under the new emergency management framework to promote comprehensive disaster reduction; At the local level, strengthen guidance, coordination and supervision, and actively play the role of local authorities. At the same time, further clarify the responsibilities of the agencies in the sea area, and form a unified and orderly, reasonable division of labor, coordinated and efficient institutional mechanism.

　　Second, actively implement the requirements of the third meeting of the Central Financial and Economic Committee on the prevention and control of marine disasters, implement coastal zone restoration projects, build ecological seawalls, and improve the ability of ecosystems to defend against marine disasters.

　　The third is to implement the main responsibility and continuously improve business capabilities. In the "Sanding" plan issued by the Ministry, for the first time, the task of building and operating the national global marine stereoscopic observation network and carrying out marine ecological early warning and monitoring was clearly defined. As the competent department of business, the marine early warning and monitoring department should adhere to the scientific development concept and implement every link of the business chain in a down-to-earth manner.

　　To this end, the Marine Early Warning and Monitoring Division will focus on the following four aspects in the near future:

　　— In the observation business, do a good job in top-level design and accelerate the construction of the global marine stereoscopic observation network. Optimize the observation layout. In 2019, we will start to compile a new national ocean observation network plan, fully integrate the observation, monitoring and investigation services, and form a trinity business layout. From the aspects of observation means, observation elements and quality control, we will further strengthen the operational management of marine observation. Promote the sharing of marine observation data, improve the level of data services, strengthen the management of relevant industries of local and departmental departments, and carry out a general survey of marine observation capabilities and resources to achieve full integration.

　　Second, in the forecasting business, we should speed up the revision of emergency plans, and consider the respective characteristics of marine natural disasters and ecological disasters to study how to form a plan system. Reorganize the forecasting organization and business system, comprehensively consider the characteristics of administrative area management, and build a forecasting business system with up-and-down linkage and clear division of labor. Make full use of numerical forecasting, cloud platform, artificial intelligence and other information technologies, carry out the construction of marine intelligent grid forecasting business system and the "Maritime Silk Road" marine environmental protection system, explore the development of marine ecological early warning services, and improve the efficiency of early warning services.

　　Third, in disaster reduction, we will continue to do a good job in preventing and controlling natural disasters such as storm surges, tsunamis and sea ice. At the same time, we will promote ecological disaster reduction, select red tide and green tide-prone areas for pilot prevention and control, and give full play to the ability of mangroves, tamarisk, reeds, seagrass beds and other ecosystems to resist moisture and waves and consolidate dikes and revetments. Guide coastal areas to continue to carry out marine disaster risk assessment and delineation of key defense areas, and promote the investigation and management of potential risks. Strengthen the information application of disaster prevention and mitigation achievements, and integrate background information, observation data, early warning and pre-judgment information in coastal high-risk areas into one system in real time. Intensify publicity and education, popularize knowledge of disaster prevention and mitigation, and actively participate in international governance.

　　Fourth, in terms of ecological monitoring and scientific investigation, optimize the top-level design and system layout of marine ecological monitoring and early warning, establish a technical standard system, and start special research on typical ecosystems. Establish management norms, and institutions and ships engaged in marine survey and monitoring should have unified management requirements. Strengthen the use of volunteer ships, remote sensing and other equipment and means, and integrate development in monitoring, observation and investigation.

On Monday, April 16, 2018, the State Council Press Office held a regular briefing on the State Council policy, and invited Ceng Yixin, deputy director of the National Health and Wellness Committee, to introduce the relevant information on the Opinions on Promoting the Development of "Internet+Medical Health" and answer questions from reporters.

Jiao Yahui, Deputy Director of Medical Administration and Hospital Authority:

There are two modes in the document of Internet hospital: one mode is that medical institutions are the main providers, and medical institutions use Internet information technology to expand service time and space, and take Internet hospital as the second name of medical institutions. There is a very important principle that the services to be provided by Internet hospitals should be consistent with the relevant diagnosis and treatment subjects of entity medical institutions approved by us, that is to say, our hospital is a three-level general hospital, which subject is approved, and what content can Internet hospitals provide accordingly. The second is that some Internet companies and enterprises have applied for Internet hospitals. They have the resources of some high-quality experts, such as doctors in the north and the south of China, who use the platform provided by this Internet company to provide some services for patients. In this document, we require that Internet hospitals must be located in physical medical institutions, with consistent supervision online and offline, and must rely on physical medical institutions to provide patients with telemedicine services such as remote clinics through the Internet platform. Generally speaking, it is such a form.

The Internet hospital you mentioned just now, we are talking about not only Internet hospitals, but also Internet medical services are divided into two categories:

First, around our core business, that is, treating patients, it is generally said that whether the disease needs the next diagnosis, whether to propose a treatment plan and prescribe some prescriptions, this is called Internet diagnosis and treatment service, which is a kind of content of Internet service. We say it is the core business of medical care, and this Internet diagnosis and treatment service, as mentioned by Director Zeng and Director Yu just now, we are drafting and formulating management measures for Internet diagnosis and treatment. This is also a very important supporting document authorized by the National Health and Wellness Committee in the the State Council document. In this document, we will define the bottom line and boundary of Internet diagnosis and treatment, and within this boundary, we can provide some services. For example, as proved by practice now, it also includes internationally mature and recognized telemedicine services. In addition, there are family doctors who provide some health management and online consultation services for the patients he signed. It is stipulated in the document that some common diseases and chronic diseases can be followed up online, and the online follow-up service can also be provided through the Internet, and doctors can prescribe prescriptions for these patients online when they have mastered some basic case data of these patients, which is part of the Internet diagnosis and treatment service.

Second, non-core business, that is, we should provide some auxiliary services to take advantage of the convenience and convenience of the Internet. In this field, Internet technology has great room and great potential. Moreover, in practical application, it has been applied in many practices now, and patients in many places have enjoyed the convenience and bonus in this respect. For example, for example, many patients go to the hospital to see a doctor now, and they can register online and make appointments with a mobile phone, and when they come to the hospital, they can provide some reminders through the mobile phone when they arrive, and they can also pay by mobile phone without queuing up at the window. In addition, some inspection and inspection results can be queried online. This is a great bonus that patients can enjoy in the hospital, and everyone has personal experience. At the same time, we use the internet to sink the good resources of high-quality medical care. For example, the economy and medical care in remote and poverty-stricken areas are not very developed. Through telemedicine or remote outpatient service, some patients in some counties and some patients in remote and poverty-stricken areas can also see experts from these big hospitals in Beishangguang without leaving their place of residence, and they can enjoy this convenient service. We also have some decision-making assistance activities supported by artificial intelligence, including some grassroots doctors and doctors in county and city hospitals, which can greatly improve their medical service level and efficiency, and indirectly serve more patients.

We are now using it in family doctor contract service. For example, we have some rural patients, community patients, elderly people in the community and village clinics at home or at home, and contracted doctors can consult some questions online or at his place. For some problems, village doctors or contracted family doctors can’t solve them, and they can also seek help from the doctors in the superior hospital of this team through the Internet, so that patients can enjoy more convenient, daily health management and safe and appropriate diagnosis and treatment services at home, so I think these are what we say Internet hospitals or Internet diagnosis and treatment can provide.

As for the application procedure of Internet hospitals, because it is a new format, we will seriously solve the problems about the conditions that this kind of medical institutions should have, how to apply, and at which level for examination and approval, in line with the principles and requirements of "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services", and will make clear provisions in our management measures for Internet diagnosis and treatment. Thank you.