作者： admin

Hi, everyone, it’s Friday, October 20th, 2023. Today’s important scientific and technological information includes:

JD.COM held a conference on "JD.COM 11.11 is really cheap" on October 19th. At the press conference, witnessed by relevant units of China Consumers Association, JD.COM and representatives of Midea, Xiaomi, Vida, China Gold, Uni-President Petrochemical, Dong ‘e Ejiao, Wangfujing Duty Free, Jingkelong and other brand businesses jointly launched the "JD.COM 11.11 Real Low Price Initiative". > > view details

On October 19th, @ Xiaomi Company and @ Lei Jun issued a document through the official Weibo to warm up the Xiaomi 14 series mobile phones that will officially debut soon. This preheating focuses on the image of the mobile phone, which will be released this month. According to reports, Xiaomi 14 series mobile phones will be equipped with Leica Summilux lens for the first time, and a "new generation optical system solution" jointly built by a new professional high-dynamic image sensor for mobile optics. > > view details

A few days ago, the State Press and Publication Administration issued a notice on the implementation of the online game boutique publishing project. The notice said that in order to strengthen the positive guidance of online games, promote online games to promote truth, goodness and beauty, spread positive energy, and promote the healthy and orderly development of the game industry, the State Press and Publication Administration decided to organize and implement the online game boutique publishing project. > > view details

AITO Jiejie Automobile issued a document on October 19th to preheat the appearance of the flagship SUV model Jiejie M9. According to reports, the design of the car focuses on "combining humanities and technology, starting from the ultimate experience of driving" and "letting form follow function and returning design to essence", and its inspiration comes from the god beast "Kun Peng" in Zhuangzi’s "Happy Travel". > > view details

According to the official news of Tesla, the new version of Model 3 Huan was officially launched on October 19, in which the rear-wheel drive version was priced at 259,900 and the long-life all-wheel drive version was priced at 295,900. At the end of October, the test cars arrived at the store one after another, and the first batch of users delivered them at the end of October. > > view details

At the global conference of OPPO Find N3 held on the afternoon of October 19th, the new OPPO Find N3 folding screen machine was officially released, which was called "opening a new generation of moving images", and the price of the new machine started from 9999 yuan.

Equipped with Qualcomm Snapdragon 8 Gen 2 mobile processing platform, supplemented by LPDDR5X memory and UFS 4.0 flash memory, it supports dual-axis graphite heat dissipation. The unfolded thickness of the fuselage is only 5.8mm, the folded thickness is 11.7mm, the glass version weighs 245g, and the leather version weighs 239g, providing three new color schemes: Qian Shan Green, Log Gold and Submarine Black. > > view details

QQ Mailbox recently launched membership benefits, 25 yuan/month, 300 yuan/12 months. After opening QQ email members, the mailbox capacity and transfer station capacity can be expanded to 2048GB, and the size of a single attachment can be increased to 10GB, with a validity period of 90 days, which supports online decompression and VIP email address. > > view details

In August this year, NVIDIA announced the launch of NVIDIA DLSS 3.5. This technology adopts ray reconstruction technology, which is a new AI model and can create higher quality ray tracing images for intensive ray tracing games and applications.

YouTuber @Nate the Hate got some new information from insiders. It is said that Switch 2 (unnamed) being developed by Nintendo will also support NVIDIA DLSS 3.5, and even have more potential than PS5 and Xbox Series X|S in ray tracing. > > view details

After Bloomberg reported that Apple’s sales in China, one of its largest markets, were poor, Jeff Pu, an analyst at haitong international Securities, also confirmed the news, and he also shared some information about the 16 series.

Jeff Pu said that Apple will not design a chip with weak performance based on A17 Pro chip, but will provide A18 series chips for iPhone 16 series. Around the overheating problem, Pu thinks that this is caused by the poor design of A17 Pro chip. Although it is manufactured in the 3 nm process, it is not more powerful or efficient than the previous generation chip. > > view details

Haobo HT, a large and medium-sized luxury pure electric SUV model owned by Guangzhou Automobile Ai ‘an, ushered in its first show on the evening of October 19th, and started the pre-sale, with the pre-sale price starting from 220,000 yuan. According to reports, Haobo HT supports the only 800V 5C UHV flash charging in the world, and it can recharge 450km after charging for 10 minutes. > > view details

After preheating on October 18th, on October 19th, Meizu officially announced the new mobile phone product-Meizu 20 Classic, which will provide three color schemes, the memory will be upgraded to 16GB, and the price will start from 3099 yuan. The reservation has been opened, and you can enjoy 12 interest-free periods at most, and give TWS headphones. > > view details

The first model of Luxeed, which is jointly launched by Huawei Zhixuan and Chery, is expected to open Dading in mid-October, enter the store on October 20, and go on sale in late November.

The official Weibo of Zhijie Automobile has been officially launched, but at present it has only passed the blue V certification without any other information. If there is no accident, Zhijie Automobile will start the warm-up publicity in the near future. > > view details

Let’s stop here for today. Technology last night and this morning, let’s see you tomorrow.

Original Shanghai No.10 Hospital Pharmaceutical Service Shanghai No.10 Hospital Pharmaceutical Service

China’s population aging process is accelerating. In 2020, China’s population aged 60 and over has reached 18.70%. The elderly are at higher risk of malnutrition, especially those with multiple diseases or serious diseases. Once the elderly patients are diagnosed with malnutrition, comprehensive and detailed nutritional assessment should be made within 48 hours, and personalized nutritional intervention strategies should be formulated for patients to ensure adequate dietary intake and improve nutritional status. Oral nutritional supplements (ONS), enteral nutrition (EN) and parenteral nutrition (PN) are commonly used ways to supplement nutrition in clinic.

Our previous popular science article "Rumoured Enteral Nutrition" has introduced the relevant knowledge of enteral nutrition. Today, I will take you to understand what parenteral nutrition is.

one

What is parenteral nutrition?

Parenteral nutrition (PN) refers to a way of intravenous infusion of nutrients such as amino acids, glucose, lipids, electrolytes, vitamins and trace elements, so that patients can maintain their nutritional status even if they can’t eat, and improve their clinical outcomes.

For elderly patients who need nutritional support treatment, when EN intake is lower than 60% of the body’s energy and protein’s target requirement, it is suggested to give supplementary parenteral nutrition. When the gastrointestinal function of elderly patients is seriously impaired or EN cannot be used, total parenteral nutrition is recommended.

2

Is single bottle infusion better or "all in one" (total nutrient mixture)

Infusion is good?

"All-in-one" infusion means that various nutrients such as carbohydrates, fat emulsion, amino acids, vitamins, electrolytes and trace elements are fully mixed in an infusion bag according to a certain reasonable ratio (sugar-fat ratio, hot-nitrogen ratio, electrolyte concentration, etc.) and then infused.

Compared with single-bottle infusion, "all-in-one" infusion is more in line with the physiological metabolic process of the body, which can make the nutrients input into the body better metabolized and utilized: (1) It can reduce the occurrence of metabolic complications, and avoid increasing the metabolic load due to more glucose or fatty acids entering the body in a unit time when a single-bottle infusion of hypertonic glucose or fat emulsion is used, and even complicated with related metabolic complications, such as hyperglycemia or hyperlipidemia; (2) The nutrients can be diluted with each other, so as to reduce the overall osmotic pressure and reduce the stimulation to veins; (3) It can avoid the need to change the infusion bottle many times during single bottle infusion, simplify the infusion process, save nursing time, reduce the chance of pollution and reduce the risk of related infection.

three

Classification and characteristics of total nutrient mixture

At present, the total nutrient mixture is mainly divided into two forms: industrial multi-cavity bag (including three-cavity bag and double-cavity bag) and hospital preparation (commonly known as "three-liter bag"). So what’s the difference between the two?

Industrialized multi-cavity bag is to divide a special preparation bag into several relatively independent cavities, and fill them with nutritional ingredients such as fat milk, amino acids and glucose respectively. When in use, just squeeze to open the inner cavity partition belt and mix several liquids fully and evenly. Multi-cavity bag has many specifications, and has the characteristics of reasonable prescription, stable quality and ready-to-use, which can reduce prescription and configuration errors, reduce microbial contamination and bloodstream infection, and meet the needs of parenteral nutrition for most patients.

However, for patients who need to strictly limit the amount of liquid and electrolyte intake, have serious metabolic disorders and have special nutritional needs, it is still necessary to prepare individualized parenteral total nutrition mixture in the hospital.

four

How to prepare parenteral total nutrient solution in hospital?

The parenteral total nutrition mixed solution prepared in the hospital was prepared by PIVAS according to the personalized prescription prescribed by doctors and audited by pharmacists, and was mixed and mixed by pharmaceutical professionals in strict accordance with the operation sequence of parenteral nutrition mixed preparation under the clean environment of horizontal laminar flow table.

The prepared parenteral nutrient solution should be used now to avoid direct sunlight; If it needs to be stored, it should be placed in a refrigerator at 4℃ to avoid light and refrigerated, and it should be rewarming before infusion; Even in cold storage, the time from the end of infusion must be limited to 48 hours to ensure safety and effectiveness.

five

Can other drugs be added to parenteral total nutrient solution?

In order to reduce the volume load of patients, parenteral nutrition mixture may be used as the infusion carrier of drugs in clinic. Strictly speaking, neither industrial three-cavity bags nor hospital preparations can be used as infusion carriers for other drugs.

The mixed total nutrient solution is a relatively stable system. If other drugs must be added, it is necessary to carefully evaluate the stability of the system and the effectiveness of each component, and closely monitor the adverse reactions and pharmacological activities of the drugs during the medication.

References:

[1] National Bureau of Statistics. Bulletin of the Seventh National Census: Population Age Composition.

[2] Geriatrics Branch of Chinese Medical Association. China Expert Consensus on Multidisciplinary Decision-making Model of Malnutrition in the Elderly (2023)

[3] Prevalence and outcomes of malnutrition among hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ClinNutr ESPEN(2021)

[4] The impact of nutritional status,nutritional risk, and nutritional treatment on clinical outcome of 2248 hospitalized cancer patients: a multi-center, prospective cohort study in Chinese teaching hospitals. Nutr Cancer(2013)

[5] Cancer Nutrition Committee of China Anti-Cancer Association, Parenteral Nutrition Branch of Chinese Medical Association. China Expert Consensus on Safety Management of Parenteral Nutrition (2021).

Author: Xu Luzhong

Read the original text

　　On the 26th, the train sped past Heihe Bridge in Ganzhou District, Zhangye City, Gansu Province.
　　Chen Lishe (image China)

　　Source: Ministry of Transport

　　On the first day of Spring Festival travel rush, in Beijing West Railway Station, volunteers from Beijing Bureau of China Railway guided the passengers.
　　Our reporter Zhang Wujun photo

　　Core reading

　　On January 26th, 2024, Spring Festival travel rush officially kicked off. Within 40 days, it is estimated that 9 billion people will set foot on the journey. On the first day in Spring Festival travel rush, what was the transportation situation around? What are the new features of Spring Festival travel rush this year? Facing the huge passenger flow, how can all departments do a good job in Spring Festival travel rush’s service guarantee to ensure people’s safe, convenient and warm travel? Please see the reporter’s visit that day.

　

　　On January 26th, the curtain of Spring Festival travel rush in 2024 was opened. On that day, the cross-regional personnel flow of the whole society is expected to exceed 182 million, including 10.6 million passengers sent by national railways, 169.71 million by highways, 2 million by civil aviation and 520,000 by waterways. "Railway air and water" closely cooperates, intelligent technology is widely used, and the travel service is intimate and warm … All parties cooperate to ensure the safe and smooth travel of passengers.

　　The road network is denser and the capacity is greater-

　　More choices

　　40 days is expected to be 9 billion person-times, with large passenger flow and large traffic volume, how can we make passengers feel at ease?

　　New lines and new stations were unveiled, the road network map was expanded again, and the basic transportation was greatly upgraded.

　　Flower City Guangzhou, the century-old Baiyun Station ushered in the first Spring Festival travel rush crowd after its rejuvenation.

　　"I am most looking forward to going home for the Spring Festival in a year." Ms. Cao, who has worked in Guangdong for 10 years, said, "In the past, it took an hour and a half to get to high-speed railway station by subway. Now it takes 20 minutes to get to the station."

　　The land of abundance, becoming a high-speed railway, ushered in a full moon on the first day of operation in Spring Festival travel rush.

　　"Air-rail combined transport, 3 minutes transfer, so convenient!" During the Spring Festival this year, Liu Haitao, a citizen of Chengdu, is going to Sanya for a holiday. Cheng Ziyi high-speed train gave him a new choice: take the high-speed train from Chengdu East to Tianfu Airport, and then fly to Sanya, which is convenient and efficient.

　　Qilu Dadi, Shandong Jining Daan Airport, ushered in Spring Festival travel rush for the first time after navigation.

　　Carry out the activity of "full love journey" in Spring Festival travel rush, set up "volunteer post for love service" and implement the "first inquiry responsibility system" … On the first day, Jining Daan Airport guaranteed 20 flights with a passenger throughput of 2,234 passengers. During Spring Festival travel rush, it is estimated that 1,000 flights will be guaranteed and the passenger throughput will reach 110,000.

　　Looking back on 2023, the traffic construction has a long way to go. The railway has put into operation a total of 3,637 kilometers of new lines, over 7,000 kilometers of expressways have been built, rebuilt and expanded, two new civil transport airports have been issued, the accessibility of domestic route networks has been expanded by 23%, and the operating mileage of new urban rail transit has exceeded 360 kilometers.

　　By the end of 2023, the national high-speed rail mileage reached 45,000 kilometers, and the expressway mileage reached 177,000 kilometers, ranking first in the world. The transportation network has stronger bones, smoother blood vessels and stronger transportation capacity.

　　In order to ensure the close cooperation between Spring Festival travel rush and multimodal transport, the threshold of transport capacity is adjusted to the maximum.

　　Looking at the railway, it is estimated that about 12,700 passenger trains will be arranged every day before the Spring Festival, and about 12,800 passenger trains will be arranged every day after the Spring Festival, and the passenger capacity will increase by 14.4% and 12.6% respectively compared with Spring Festival travel rush in 2019.

　　Looking at civil aviation, it is estimated that the daily average number of guaranteed flights will reach 16,500, which is basically the same as that in 2019, an increase of 24% compared with that in 2023.

　　On the first day of visiting Spring Festival travel rush, the capacity upgrade is obvious.

　　It is estimated that 1,603 flights will be carried out and 240,000 passengers will be transported, up by 61.9% and 111.3% respectively year-on-year … This is the first day’s answer sheet of Spring Festival travel rush handed over by Air China. "In view of the characteristics of Spring Festival travel rush’s’ visiting relatives fever’ superimposed on’ tourism fever’ this year, Air China increased flights and arranged 1,128 flights." The person in charge of China Air China said.

　　The first train leaves at 5: 34, and it is estimated that 143,000 passengers will be sent throughout the day … On the first day of Spring Festival travel rush, the Beijing West Railway Station was full of people and full of flavor. "As one of the most popular departure cities, Beijing West Railway Station is expected to send 4.92 million passengers during Spring Festival travel rush." Li Chao, spokesman and deputy stationmaster of Beijing West Railway Station, said that the station will start a 24-hour operation mode to ensure that passengers can "walk well" and "walk well".

　　Warm service, showing the taste of the year-

　　The journey warms the heart

　　After returning from Beijing to Chengdu for the New Year, Ms. Zeng was lucky enough to grab the quiet car seat of the G87 train. "Catch the high-speed train early in the morning, quiet car can make up a quiet sleep and the journey is easier."

　　At the end of last year, China Railway Beijing Bureau set up a new quiet car on the G87 train. This year, the number of EMU trains serving quiet car in Spring Festival travel rush has expanded to 72, involving many high-speed rail lines such as Beijing-Shanghai, Beijing-Guangzhou, Jingha, Shanghai-Kunming and Xicheng. Many netizens commented: It’s so sweet!

　　This is a microcosm of Spring Festival travel rush’s service improvement this year. From "walking well" to "walking fast" and then to "walking well", with the increasing demands of passengers on the quality of travel, Spring Festival travel rush’s service pays more and more attention to details and is more considerate.

　　Key passengers are guaranteed and the road home is more secure. Stepping into the terminal building of Baiyun Airport, festive elements such as flowers and lanterns will decorate the departure hall and arrival hall. Volunteer service can be seen everywhere in the terminal entrance, security check-in, self-service check-in, consignment and other areas.

　　"For unaccompanied children, first-time passengers, etc., we have set up special security channels to provide a series of appointment services." Han Lu, deputy manager of the service quality department of Baiyun Airport No.1 Air Traffic Control Branch, said.

　　Also on 26th, China Southern Airlines released six ground service commitments of Spring Festival travel rush, the Guangzhou hub. "We have set up a service love ambassador in Spring Festival travel rush. In case of emergency, passengers can consult the staff wearing the love logo and provide quick services such as flight guidance, late arrival assistance and missed flight change assistance in one stop." The relevant person in charge of China Southern Airlines said.

　　The details are guaranteed in place, and the road home is more satisfactory. Shenyang Railway Department has set up free charging stations in all stations with heavy traffic to meet the emergency charging needs of passengers’ electronic products. In addition, many railway bureau group companies have equipped water heaters and other heating equipment in the washbasins of passenger stations, so that passengers can feel full of warmth whether drinking water or using water in winter.

　　Special new year’s goods on the train add interest to the way home. On the 4045 train from Qiqihar to Jiagedaqi, the carriages are decorated with lanterns and colorful decorations, and the goods on the table are dazzling. Besides fresh fruits, there are also special products such as Chai Yao tea set, velvet antler and venison jiaozi.

　　"The 4045 public welfare slow train passed through 32 stations, 18 boarding and landing points and more than 100 villages. The big collection was put on the train to facilitate the people along the way to buy new year’s goods. " Train conductor He Bin said.

　　The job is sent to the car, and the job is found in advance after the holiday. On the Fuzhou-Guiyang K478 train, a "train job fair" is being held in full swing. Eight large enterprises from Fuzhou brought 2,216 jobs in 50 jobs. According to the staff of Fuzhou Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security, this year is the second year of the activity of "sending posts to get on the bus". Recruitment is made in advance before the holiday, and construction starts after the holiday.

　　AI debut, technical assistance-

　　Travel more convenient

　　Zhengzhou East Railway Station is located at the intersection of Beijing-Guangzhou, Xulan, Zhengtai, Jizheng, Zhengyu and Zhengfu high-speed rail networks. On average, there will be a high-speed train leaving here every 1.35 minutes, and more than 340 passengers will depart from here every 60 seconds during the peak period to all parts of the country. The efficient operation of the station and the shuttle of trains are inseparable from the help of the "Eye of the Sky" system.

　　"This is a highly intelligent integrated management system that monitors the passenger flow and equipment operation of the station in real time to ensure that every gate and every person works efficiently." Song Junying, Deputy Secretary of the General Party Branch of Zhengzhou East Railway Station Passenger Transport Workshop, introduced.

　　In Spring Festival travel rush in 2024, AI system appeared frequently, and information technology was widely used. Smart Spring Festival travel rush is making passengers travel more leisurely.

　　The upgrade of Railway 12306 makes it more convenient for passengers to purchase tickets. This year, Spring Festival travel rush, 12306 has been continuously updated and its functions have been continuously improved. On January 25th, the maximum number of visits in a single day reached 83.03 billion, and 20.901 million tickets were sold, setting a new record for ticket sales in Spring Festival travel rush. The average response time of each visit was 1.4 seconds.

　　"We help passengers to grab tickets more conveniently by pre-filling online ticket purchase requirements, reminding and subscribing to sales, upgrading standby functions, and providing transfer and transfer suggestions." Shan Xinghua, deputy director of the 12306 Science and Technology Innovation Center, said.

　　"Check at hand" applet to make self-driving travel more worry-free. When you open the applet, you can query the location and real-time status of highway charging facilities, and in case of an accident, you can also "call for help with one button" through the applet … This year, the Ministry of Transport launched the "e-road unblocked" WeChat applet in Spring Festival travel rush to facilitate self-driving passengers.

　　"Brush your face and enter the station" to shorten the time for passengers to check tickets. In front of the ticket gate at Korla Station, Ms. Liu, who was going to take the "Fuxing" EMU train to Urumqi, put her second-generation ID card in the identification area and looked up at the camera. In 3 seconds, she completed the verification of tickets, certificates and people and successfully entered the station.

　

　　Layout design: Shen Yiling

　　People’s Daily (January 27, 2024, 06 edition)

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, June 21st　

　　Xinhua News Agency "Xinhua Viewpoint" reporters Li Shuangxi, Li Wei and Xie Ying

　　Recently, it is the peak period for college students to submit course papers, defend and review their graduation thesis. A survey by Xinhua Viewpoint reporter found that some college students are quietly using AI (artificial intelligence) writing software such as ChatGPT to write papers, or using AI to assist paper writing, such as listing outlines, polishing language and reducing repetition rate.

　　Will AI writing software encourage academic fraud? Should I care?

　　AI software to write papers

　　Cheng Guangyu (pseudonym), a junior in a university in Beijing, will hand in four course papers this semester, each of which is required to be about 3,000 words. Cheng Guangyu didn’t spend time reading literature, sorting out, extracting and writing. He stayed up all night before handing in his homework and finished his paper with ChatGPT.

　　"At first, I was worried about whether I could finish it. As a result, I gave ChatGPT a general direction, and it listed the outline of the paper and automatically continued to write, which was much better than me." Cheng Guangyu finished four papers in one night, and submitted them to the teacher after simple revision.

　　According to the investigation in some colleges and universities, some college students use ChatGPT to complete course assignments, final papers and even undergraduate or master’s thesis. "The threshold for undergraduate graduation thesis is low, and I have no scientific research ability. Many people’s undergraduate papers are extracted and pieced together online, and it is more convenient to hand them over to artificial intelligence now. " Qiao Yifan (a pseudonym), a senior student at a university in Wuhan, said.

　　AI writing software can be used in all aspects of paper writing, from outlining and writing some contents to polishing language and reducing repetition rate. However, a college student who has used AI writing software in a university in Hunan Province thinks that the effect of modifying and polishing articles with AI software is not bad, but it is not appropriate to use it for substantive research and elaboration of innovative ideas.

　　The reporter found that AI writing software similar to ChatGPT is not uncommon in China. For example, Zhichuang helps AI, the secret tower writes cats, draws pictures and writes quickly, etc., and generally supports the writing of articles and papers. In addition, there are many articles teaching how to write papers with AI software on websites such as Zhihu and Xiaohongshu. In the experience sharing, some netizens said: "The teacher can’t see it at all", "Praise the AI ? ? paper for being well written" and "gave me excellent papers".

　　During the interview, some college teachers also found the characteristics of AI papers. When examining an undergraduate’s thesis, a teacher majoring in international politics in a university in Jilin Province found that his thesis on Japanese culture was biased, with blunt and lengthy language and empty content. Under the teacher’s questioning, the students admitted that the paper was written in ChatGPT.

　　In addition, some papers written with AI software are full of mistakes. "If you check it carefully, you will find that the links of the cited papers can’t be opened, the author’s name can’t be searched, the publication time, journals, pages, SCI divisions and other contents of the papers are all false, and even some historical events involved are out of thin air." He Shiming, an associate professor at the School of Computer and Communication Engineering of Changsha University of Science and Technology, said.

　　"Help scientific research" or "encourage cheating"?

　　Can ChatGPT be used to assist thesis writing? Many college teachers are controversial about this, including those who support users, those who resolutely oppose it and those who demand that it is strictly prohibited.

　　It is understood that some foreign universities have explicitly issued regulations prohibiting the use of ChatGPT to write papers. In China, academic journals such as Journal of Jinan (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition) and Journal of Tianjin Normal University (Basic Education Edition) have successively issued explanations on the use of artificial intelligence writing tools, indicating that if the author uses relevant tools in his paper creation, he should explain the degree of use in detail in his article.

　　For research purposes, Yang Zhiping, a professor of Marxism at Northeast Normal University, tried to use AI writing software. He found that in order for AI to provide correct ideas, it is necessary to constantly "feed" the corpus to AI. In the questions and answers with AI, the original vague research ideas gradually became clear. "It’s like exchanging ideas with an expert with encyclopedic knowledge. Through the collision of ideas, new academic viewpoints can be inspired." Yang Zhiping said.

　　"AI writing software is just like search tools such as Google and Baidu. When it first appeared, it always caused people’s panic." Yao Yuchun, dean of the Institute of Social Sciences of Jilin University, said, but fundamentally, AI writing software is still a tool. It is a product of science and technology and needs to be treated dialectically. If students only use it for limited purposes, such as searching documents, listing outlines, sorting out ideas, etc., it is understandable and cannot be banned.

　　Fu Weidong, a professor at the Department of Artificial Intelligence Education of Huazhong Normal University, believes that both manual writing and AI writing should be regarded as academic misconduct as long as they exceed the prescribed repetition rate according to the existing academic paper norms. In addition, AI writing is based on the retrieval and processing of existing knowledge. Repetition of sentences or plagiarism of ideas is inevitable, which will inevitably involve disputes over intellectual property rights and portrait rights, and should be strictly regulated.

　　A college teacher in Hunan province is worried that if students are allowed to use AI to write, it will not be conducive to cultivating students’ scientific research ability. In the long run, it is easy for students to develop inertia and form a bad academic atmosphere.

　　In addition, the information security problems that may be caused by AI software have also attracted attention. Li Huilai, a professor at the School of Artificial Intelligence of Jilin University, said that some countries in Europe wanted to "block" ChatGPT because of data security problems, because there was a hidden danger of "collecting, using and disclosing personal information without consent" when it grabbed data. Li Huilai pointed out that when domestic students use ChatGPT, it may lead to the abuse of domestic scientific research results, and there are data security risks.

　　Actively respond to the academic challenges brought by AI technology

　　Some industry experts believe that, like search tools, as a technology, the popularization and application of AI is irresistible. The application standards of AI writing tools should be formulated as soon as possible to standardize the scope of use; At the same time, change the traditional evaluation mechanism of students in colleges and universities, and provide AI writing detection tools for researchers. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen independent research and development in the field of artificial intelligence and master core technologies.

　　Xiong Bingqi, president of 21st Century Education Research Institute, believes that it is difficult to ban AI writing software, and we should try to "keep the devil in a bottle" and make clear the scope and degree of use of AI writing tools. "It is better to face up to it than to avoid it. Colleges and universities can even offer public courses using AI writing tools, and clearly teach students the norms, methods and academic ethics. "

　　He Shiming believes that the duplicate checking software used in colleges and universities has been difficult to cope with AI writing. At present, universities and academic journals lack special software to detect AI writing, and it is inevitable to "hang a leak" only by human eye recognition. It is hoped that relevant domestic institutions will develop software to identify AI writing, and provide a safer and more reliable anti-academic fraud system for colleges and universities.

　　In order to avoid the influence of AI writing, some foreign universities are reducing the open homework after class, and putting more emphasis on classroom homework, handwritten papers, group work and oral test.

　　Xie Di, an associate professor at the School of Public Administration of Hubei University, suggested that the education department should pay more attention to students’ problem consciousness, observe, understand and analyze the society’s nature, and increase the proportion of content with substance such as experiments and investigations, rather than overemphasizing the form.

　　ChatGPT has powerful functions and may bring a new scientific and technological revolution. Li Huilai believes that domestic research and development of artificial intelligence should be strengthened. At present, some domestic companies are also developing similar products, but they are still in the initial stage and cannot form strong competition with ChatGPT.

　　"It is necessary to use the window period to accelerate the development of Chinese AI applications and AI paper detection systems, and strengthen the independent research and development of artificial intelligence core technologies." Fu Weidong said.

　　CCTV News:The safety status of imported food in China in 2017 announced by the General Administration of Customs also shows that in 2017, a total of 49,000 tons of food that did not meet China’s laws, regulations and standards and were not allowed to enter the country were detected. The main unqualified items are the use of food additives beyond the scope or limit, microbial contamination and unqualified quality in some imported foods.

　　In 2017, a total of 6,631 batches, 49,000 tons and 69.537 million US dollars of food that did not comply with Chinese laws, regulations and standards and were not allowed to enter the country were detected.

　　In terms of food types, the foods that are not allowed to enter the country cover almost all kinds of imported foods, among which the top 10 categories are beverages, cakes and biscuits, sugar, cereals and products, alcohol, meat, aquatic products and products, dairy products, tea and special foods, accounting for 86.1% of the total batches of foods that are not allowed to enter the country.

　　Bi Kexin, head of the Import and Export Food Safety Bureau of the General Administration of Customs, said that quality, certificates, labels, food additives and microorganisms are the main unqualified reasons.

　　These foods that are not allowed to enter the country come from 94 countries (regions), among which the top 10 sources by batch are the European Union, Japan, Taiwan, China, ASEAN, the United States, South Korea, Australia, Hong Kong, China, Russia and Canada, accounting for 88.1% of the total batches of foods that are not allowed to enter the country. Bi Kexin said that the unqualified food was returned or destroyed by the customs authorities in accordance with relevant regulations and did not enter the domestic market. Consumers can also visit official website of the General Administration of Customs for relevant information.

　　At Qingdao Port, customs officers randomly sample imported frozen meat at any time according to a certain proportion, and conduct on-site inspection. The sampled goods should be checked one by one for container number, seal identification number, temperature record, packaging and identification, and check whether the information such as product name, quantity, specification, production enterprise registration number and production batch number are consistent with the information in the documents attached to the goods.

　　China makes a sampling inspection plan for imported meat products every year, and generally requires dozens of items to be tested.

　　By 2017, the General Administration of Customs had completed the confirmation of official certificates such as hygiene certificates, phytosanitary certificates and certificates of origin for 19 kinds of products such as meat, dairy products, aquatic products and cereals in 140 countries (regions). In 2017, China signed 44 import and export food safety cooperation agreements with major trading partners around the world.

　　Leading cadres will be punished for handling weddings, funerals and celebrations in violation of regulations. The Provincial Supervision Department of the Provincial Commission for Discipline Inspection recently issued the "Interim Provisions on the Matters of Leading Cadres Handling Weddings, Funerals and Festivities", requiring leading cadres to take the lead in implementing the relevant provisions of the central and provincial committees on honesty in politics and strict economy, taking the lead in honesty and self-discipline, consciously resisting the unhealthy atmosphere of holding weddings, funerals and celebrations, and playing an exemplary role in forming a frugal style for the whole society.

　　The "Regulations" clarify that when leading cadres organize or participate in organizing their own and their close relatives’ weddings and funerals, housewarming, taking up new jobs, going abroad, celebrating birthdays, entering higher schools, opening ceremonies, etc., they are not allowed to have the following seven behaviors: taking advantage of their powers or positions, doing big things, extravagance and waste, taking the opportunity to collect money, or doing big things in disguise in batches and in multiple places for the same reason; Accepting cash, articles, securities and payment vouchers from management clients and other units and individuals that are related to the exercise of their functions and powers or may affect the fair execution of official duties; Reimbursement of expenses that should be borne by individuals for handling weddings, funerals and celebrations with public funds or in disguised form; Illegal use of official vehicles and occupation of other public resources; Affecting normal official activities, working order of organs and traffic order; Organize activities that affect social public order, endanger social public safety and other public order and good customs; Other acts that violate the rules of honesty and self-discipline.

　　Leading cadres should hand over gifts and other property that cannot be declined and returned in accordance with the regulations in matters such as weddings, funerals and celebrations, and should be handed over to the organization for handling in accordance with relevant regulations.

　　The "Regulations" clarify that leading cadres should report matters such as weddings, funerals and celebrations five working days in advance, in which funeral matters can be reported orally first, and reporting procedures can be completed within 10 days afterwards. When reporting on matters such as weddings, funerals and celebrations, leading cadres shall truthfully fill out the Report Form on Matters such as weddings, funerals and celebrations organized by leading cadres and sign a letter of commitment on honesty. The contents of the report include: the reason, time, place, the scope and number of participants and other information that needs to be explained. City (state), county (city, district) Party committee secretary shall submit a written report to the principal responsible person of the Party committee at the next higher level and report it to the discipline inspection and supervision organ at the next higher level for the record; Other leading cadres shall, after making a written report to the person responsible for building a clean and honest government, report to the discipline inspection and supervision institution (inspector) of their unit for the record. If there is a discipline inspection and supervision institution stationed (out), they shall also report to the discipline inspection and supervision institution stationed (out) for the record.

　　Leading cadres who violate the relevant requirements of the Regulations, and fail to report on time, report truthfully or conceal it without justifiable reasons, will be criticized, educated, organized or disciplined according to relevant regulations, depending on the seriousness of the case; Anyone suspected of violating the law and committing a crime shall be investigated for legal responsibility according to law. The "Regulations" propose that discipline inspection and supervision organs at all levels strictly supervise the issue of discipline. Check and verify the reports of leading cadres; Smooth reporting channels, and seriously investigate and deal with issues such as weddings, funerals and celebrations of leading cadres in violation of regulations; Inform the exposure of typical cases by name. The leading cadres referred to in the Regulations include: Party organs, people’s congresses, administrative organs, CPPCC organs, judicial organs and procuratorial organs at or above the county (department) level (including non-leadership positions); People’s organizations and institutions are equivalent to leading cadres at or above the county (department) level (including non-leadership positions).

　　Leaders of state-owned or state-holding enterprises and their branches, heads of departments in directly under the authority, judicial organs and procuratorial organs of counties (cities, districts), heads of townships (streets) and heads of grass-roots stations shall refer to the Regulations. (Reporter Liu Chunhua)

Beijing Zhengban Fa [2013] No.17

The people’s governments of the districts and counties, the commissions, offices and bureaus of the municipal government, and the municipal institutions:

　　In recent years, the city has resolutely implemented the central government’s decision and deployment on strengthening the regulation of the real estate market and achieved positive results. In order to further consolidate the results of regulation and control, resolutely implement the spirit of the Notice of the General Office of the State Council on Continuing to Do a Good Job in the Regulation and Control of the Real Estate Market (Guo Ban Fa [2013] No.17), and with the approval of the municipal government, relevant issues are hereby notified as follows:

　　First, earnestly assume the responsibility of stabilizing housing prices.

　 　 　 (1) Attach great importance to the regulation of the real estate market. Adhering to the regulation of the real estate market and resolutely curbing speculative investment in buying houses are not only the needs of promoting the healthy development of the real estate market and ensuring the people in the capital to live and live, but also the needs of realizing the coordination of population, resources and environment and promoting the sustainable development of the city. At present, the regulation of the real estate market in this city is still in a critical period. The district and county governments and relevant municipal departments should fully understand the importance of the regulation of the real estate market, enhance the initiative and consciousness of the work, and be unwavering and persistent.

　　(2) Earnestly implement the target of house price control. We will continue to strictly implement various regulatory policies and measures to maintain the overall stability of the real estate market. In 2013, the goal of housing price control in this city is to keep the price of new commercial housing stable compared with that in 2012, further reduce the price of self-occupied and improved commercial housing, and gradually bring it into the sequential management of price-limited housing.

　　(3) Establish a responsibility system for stabilizing housing prices. Municipal development and reform, housing and urban construction, planning, land, taxation, public security, civil affairs, finance, human resources and social security, industry and commerce and other departments should closely cooperate, strengthen linkage, and conscientiously implement the tasks of real estate regulation undertaken by this department. District and county governments should conscientiously implement various control measures, do a good job in stabilizing housing prices, and ensure that the prices of new commercial housing within their respective jurisdictions are generally consistent with the city’s housing price control targets.

　　Two, resolutely curb speculative investment in housing.

　　(four) continue to strictly implement the housing purchase restriction measures. In accordance with the requirements of the Notice of the General Office of the Beijing Municipal People’s Government on Further Strengthening the Regulation of the Real Estate Market in this Municipality by Implementing the Spirit of the General Office of the State Council (No.8 [2011] of Beijing Municipal Government Office) and other documents, we will continue to strictly implement the housing purchase restriction measures. From the day after the issuance of this notice, if an adult single person with household registration in this city does not own a house in this city, one set of housing will be restricted; For those who already own one or more houses, the sale of houses to them in this city will be suspended.

　　(5) Strictly examine the qualifications for purchasing houses, and intensify law enforcement and investigation. The city has set up a special house purchasing qualification examination institution to co-ordinate housing and urban construction, public security, taxation, civil affairs, human resources and social security departments, further improve the working mechanism and strengthen the online examination of house purchasing qualifications. Seriously investigate and deal with violations of laws and regulations in the implementation of purchase restriction measures, suspend online signing of real estate development enterprises and intermediaries that instigate and assist buyers to forge proof materials and defraud the qualification of buying houses, order them to make rectification within a time limit, and severely deal with the responsible persons; If the purchaser does not have the qualification to purchase a house, the enterprise shall terminate the contract with the purchaser. For families who do not declare truthfully and provide false materials to defraud the qualification of buying houses, they will not go through the formalities of property right registration, and the families will bear corresponding legal responsibilities, and they will not be allowed to buy houses in this city within 5 years. Those who constitute a crime will be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law.

　　(six) continue to strictly implement the differentiated housing credit policy. All commercial banks and Beijing Housing Provident Fund Management Center should continue to implement the down payment ratio and loan interest rate policy for the first home loan, and continue to suspend the issuance of the third and above housing loans; Further strengthen the examination of the loan qualification of buyers, investigate the family housing registration records and borrowers’ credit records in strict accordance with the regulations, and strictly prohibit the illegal issuance of loans to borrowers who do not meet the credit policy. The Business Management Department of the People’s Bank of China and the Beijing Housing Provident Fund Management Center will further increase the down payment ratio of the second housing loan on the basis of the unified national credit policy and according to the housing price control objectives and policy requirements of this Municipality.

　　(7) Give full play to the regulatory role of tax policies. Continue to promote the dynamic adjustment of stock house transactions in taxable value. The departments of taxation, housing and urban-rural development should closely cooperate with each other, timely increase the land value-added tax pre-requisition rate of real estate development projects with excessive pricing and expected value-added according to market conditions, strengthen pre-requisition and liquidation management, and intensify inspection. Personal income tax levied on individual transfer of housing according to regulations, which can verify the original value of housing through information systems such as tax collection and management, housing registration, etc., should be levied strictly according to 20% of the income from individual transfer of housing according to law; If the original value of the house cannot be verified, individual income tax shall be levied according to the approved collection method. Personal income tax will continue to be exempted for the income obtained by individuals who transfer their own houses for more than 5 years and are the only living rooms for families.　　

　　Third, increase the supply of ordinary commodity housing and land.

　　(eight) to stabilize the supply of land for ordinary commodity housing. Considering the population, resources and environment factors of this city as a whole, we will maintain a moderate scale of land supply. In 2013, the housing land supply plan of this city is 1,650 hectares. We will continue to improve the way of land transfer, and increase the land supply of self-occupied and improved housing by means of "limiting house prices and competing land prices". Before land transfer, the housing and urban-rural construction department should put forward the requirements of housing construction units, Taoxing construction area, facilities and conditions, and completion time of commercial housing projects as the basis for land transfer and incorporate them into the transfer contract.

　　(9) Improve the supervision of the land market. We will continue to implement the announcement mechanism of land supply plans, rationally arrange the pace and timing of land development and supply, and stabilize market expectations. Accelerate the development of stock land reserve and form actual land supply as soon as possible. For the land that has been supplied, we will urge the construction to start as soon as possible, increase the efforts of clearing, publicizing and disposing of idle land, closely track the progress of development and construction after land supply, and strengthen the supervision of the whole process of real estate land supply and development and utilization. (ten) to speed up the supply of ordinary commodity housing. Development and reform, land, planning, housing and urban-rural construction departments should establish a fast track for administrative examination and approval of small and medium-sized ordinary commodity housing construction projects, improve work efficiency, strictly implement the declaration system for construction and completion, and urge real estate development enterprises to build in strict accordance with the contract. Accelerate the land supply, construction and listing of small and medium-sized ordinary commodity housing projects. For ordinary commodity housing construction projects with the number of small and medium-sized housing units reaching more than 70% of the total number of development and construction projects, banking financial institutions will give priority to supporting their development loan needs on the premise of meeting the credit conditions.

　　Fourth, accelerate the security.Residential engineering construction

　　(eleven) to further increase the construction of affordable housing projects. We will carry out the task of raising 160,000 sets of various types of affordable housing and completing 70,000 sets in 2013. Complete the procedures of land supply and planning of the project before the second quarter, implement the financial funds, and ensure the project to start construction in the third quarter. Accelerate the transformation of cities and state-owned industrial and mining shanty towns, complete the construction of resettlement houses in shanty towns with "three districts and three areas", and promote the transformation of five new shanty towns. We will carry out the renovation of shanty towns and dilapidated houses, continue to implement the comprehensive improvement of earthquake resistance and energy saving in 10 million square meters of old residential areas and the renovation of simple residential buildings, and do a good job in the construction of resettlement houses for key villages in urban-rural fringe areas.

　　(twelve) to strengthen the management of construction distribution. Strengthen the overall urban planning and overall management of land use, strictly control the planning and design, construction quality, building materials and completion acceptance, implement the project quality responsibility, and ensure the quality and safety of the project. Increase the construction of supporting infrastructure to ensure simultaneous delivery with residential buildings. Unify the application for affordable housing, improve the audit mechanism of the economic and housing conditions of families, seriously investigate and deal with illegal acts such as unauthorized change of use, improve the exit mechanism, and ensure fair distribution. Before the end of 2013, all districts and counties should include migrant workers who meet the requirements and have stable employment in the scope of public rental housing. Strengthen the operation and management of affordable housing communities, improve community public services, and effectively solve the worries of staying in families.

　　Five, strengthen the management of commercial housing sales

　　(thirteen) strict pre-sale management of commercial housing. Improve the threshold of pre-sale permit of commercial housing from the aspects of project investment, image progress and delivery time limit, and the specific measures shall be separately formulated and promulgated by the municipal housing and urban-rural construction department. We will continue to improve and strictly implement the supervision system for the pre-sale funds of commercial housing, and ensure that the pre-sale funds are given priority for engineering construction.

　　(fourteen) to strengthen the guidance of commercial housing sales price. Continue to sum up and improve the city’s experience in price guidance. For commercial housing projects whose quotations are significantly higher than the pre-project transaction price and the prices of surrounding projects for sale and do not accept guidance, pre-sale permits may not be issued or existing home sales may not be filed for the time being. In the sales of commercial housing projects, we should continue to strictly implement the regulations of clearly marked price and one room and one price, and the actual sales price shall not be higher than the declared price.

　　Sixth, strengthen market supervision and expected guidance

　　(fifteen) to strengthen the credit management of real estate enterprises. Establish a credit management system for real estate enterprises in this city, comprehensively integrate the credit information of real estate enterprises held by the departments of housing and urban construction, development and reform, land, planning, finance, taxation, industry and commerce, statistics, etc., establish and improve the credit information collection, management and external release system, and realize the joint supervision of illegal activities of real estate enterprises.

　　(sixteen) to crack down on illegal acts of development enterprises. For real estate development enterprises that violate laws and regulations such as idle land, land speculation, property hoarding and bid up housing prices, the municipal housing and urban-rural construction departments should cooperate closely, strengthen linkage and intensify investigation and punishment. Land departments prohibit them from bidding for land, banking financial institutions are not allowed to issue loans for new development projects, securities regulatory authorities suspend their approval for listing, refinancing or major asset restructuring, banking regulatory authorities prohibit them from financing through trust plans, and tax authorities strengthen the collection and management of land value-added tax, and conduct liquidation review and inspection in strict accordance with relevant regulations.

　　(seventeen) to strengthen the supervision of real estate brokerage activities. Real estate brokerage institutions and real estate brokers should engage in real estate brokerage activities in accordance with the law, and be entrusted to release real housing and price information, and shall not seize housing information, drive up housing prices and rents. Real estate brokerage services shall be clearly marked, and price fraud shall not be carried out by using false or misleading contents and methods of marking. Development and reform, housing and urban construction, industry and commerce and other departments should jointly carry out special management of the housing intermediary market, strengthen market supervision, and severely investigate and deal with illegal acts of real estate brokerage institutions according to law.

　　(eighteen) reasonably guide market expectations. All relevant departments should pay close attention to the changes in the real estate market, strengthen market monitoring and research and analysis, comprehensively, objectively and timely release relevant information on the real estate market, actively interpret market trends, regulatory policies and measures and hot issues of concern to the general public, and reasonably guide market expectations. Strengthen public opinion monitoring and respond, and correct and clarify the false information and remarks that mislead the market, misreport and misread in time; If the problem is serious, the relevant units and personnel should be held accountable.

　　Seven, accelerate the construction of long-term mechanism.

　　(nineteen) to strengthen the basic work. In accordance with the overall deployment and requirements of the national individual housing information system construction, we will continue to promote the construction of the urban individual housing information system in this city and improve the management system and basic information. Conscientiously implement the State Council’s requirements for establishing and perfecting a long-term mechanism for real estate market management, further explore and improve the basic housing system that conforms to the characteristics of the capital, improve the differentiated and multi-level housing demand adjustment mechanism, establish a scientific and stable housing supply system, gradually realize that the needs of housing security targets, self-occupation and improvement are effectively met, effectively solve the housing problems of the people, and promote the stable and healthy development of the real estate market in the capital.

　　General Office of Beijing Municipal People’s Government　 　　

　　March 30, 2013　　

　　Beijing, Jan 6 (Reporter Zhang Ni) From the 6th, the train tickets for New Year’s Eve (February 4) in Spring Festival travel rush in 2019 will be officially put on sale. With the "white-hot" of Spring Festival travel rush’s ticket-grabbing war, the phenomenon of "second light" appears in the train tickets of many popular routes. Many passengers hope for a variety of ticket grabbing artifacts and acceleration packages, but some "traps" for ticket grabbing need to be vigilant.

　　Data map: December 25, 2018, Xi’ an North Station. China News Service reporter Bird photo

　　Popular routes are hard to get a ticket.

　　According to the data from China Railway Corporation, during the period of Spring Festival travel rush in 2019, the national railways are expected to send 413.3 million passengers, an increase of 31.76 million passengers year-on-year, with an average of 10.33 million passengers per day, setting a new record in Spring Festival travel rush.

　　In addition, the students’ tide and the returning tide overlap, which makes the return tickets in Spring Festival travel rush more tight this year than in previous years.

　　A few days ago, the reporter logged on the 12306 website to inquire about the ticket sales information, and found that the return tickets of many popular routes before the holiday were "one ticket is hard to find".

　　As of 17: 00 on January 5th, on February 3rd (the 29th day of the twelfth lunar month), only two of the 39 trains from Beijing to Changchun had a small number of tickets left, and the G-prefix, D-prefix and Z-prefix train tickets were all sold out.

　　Train tickets from Beijing to Jinan are also in demand. On February 3, there were only two trains and a small number of tickets left, and the arrival time was late at night or early the next morning.

　　Grab the ticket carefully and mistakenly enter the "pit"

　　Pit 1:The hidden option of ticketing software makes people spend more money.

　　Many passengers who use the ticketing software to buy tickets will find that the actual payment for their own train tickets is higher than that for official website. This is mainly because when passengers buy tickets, some ticketing software has the default check of the acceleration package.

　　Although the acceleration package can be cancelled by default, because its displayed position is very hidden, passengers will ignore it carelessly, resulting in people who don’t need the acceleration package service spending more money.

　　Pit 2: Buy acceleration package ≠ Can buy tickets

　　Spring Festival travel rush train tickets are hard to buy. Many people hope to pay for the accelerated package, but it turns out that the accelerated package can’t guarantee 100% tickets.

　　In fact, the principle of the ticketing software is to use enterprise-class bandwidth or multiple accounts to repeatedly query the remaining tickets, and to use technical means to submit orders instead of users. Its order placing speed is higher than that of manual ticket purchase, but whether or not you can buy tickets depends on the ticketing situation of 12306, and you don’t have the priority to buy tickets.

　　Therefore, the "probability of grabbing tickets" is only a probability in the final analysis. You may not be able to buy tickets if you buy an acceleration package.

　　Pit 3: Personal information is leaked.

　　Passengers must provide their real name, ID number, mobile phone number and other personal information when purchasing tickets through the ticketing software, and the ticketing software platform has the obligation to keep the personal information of the passengers strictly confidential.

　　Even so, it is still impossible to rule out the situation that the platform staff disclose the personal information of passengers for personal gain. Once information is used by criminals, it may become a tool for others to scalping tickets or engage in other illegal activities.

　　Moreover, it is difficult for passengers to know that such personal information is leaked, which makes it difficult to defend rights.

　　Data Map: On March 12, 2018, passengers entered the station at Kunming Railway Station. China News Service reporter Liu Yuyang photo

　　"Alternate ticket purchase" is more reliable

　　This year, passengers who need to snap up Spring Festival travel rush train tickets may wish to try the new "standby ticketing service" function of the railway department.

　　During the period of Spring Festival travel rush in 2019, the railway department selected some long-distance sections of trains with tight capacity, and launched the "standby ticket purchase service" function on the 12306 website (including mobile phone client). Its speed and success rate will be better than the ticketing software, and no extra fees will be charged.

　　Each user can submit one standby order, select two adjacent boarding dates and reserve three tickets. Among them, Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Guangdong and other places will start before the holiday, Sichuan and Chongqing will eventually arrive, and Sichuan and Chongqing will start after the holiday. All trains that arrive in Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou and Guangdong will open alternate ticket purchase pilots.

　　It should be reminded that two adjacent boarding dates can be selected in the same standby order (the same origin and destination area, and the stations can be different), and each boarding date can contain at most two different combinations of "trains+seats", so each user can add at most four standby requirements, that is, "ticket purchasing combinations" with four different dates, trains and seats.

　　Don’t forget the five opportunities for missing.

　　Don’t worry if you don’t grab the ticket at the first time when the ticket is on sale. Passengers still have five opportunities to "miss":

　　1. After 30 minutes of sale, if any passenger fails to pay in time, the ticket will be returned to the system for sale.

　　2, 15 days before driving, is the peak of refund.

　　3. The system will release some remaining tickets 48 hours and 24 hours before driving.

　　4. Generally, 22: 00 to 23: 00 is the peak of refund.

　　5. Each stop station has a certain proportion of allocated tickets. If there are any unsold tickets, the remaining tickets will be sold again the day before driving. (End)