分类： 上海品茶工作室

Original Shanghai No.10 Hospital Pharmaceutical Service Shanghai No.10 Hospital Pharmaceutical Service

China’s population aging process is accelerating. In 2020, China’s population aged 60 and over has reached 18.70%. The elderly are at higher risk of malnutrition, especially those with multiple diseases or serious diseases. Once the elderly patients are diagnosed with malnutrition, comprehensive and detailed nutritional assessment should be made within 48 hours, and personalized nutritional intervention strategies should be formulated for patients to ensure adequate dietary intake and improve nutritional status. Oral nutritional supplements (ONS), enteral nutrition (EN) and parenteral nutrition (PN) are commonly used ways to supplement nutrition in clinic.

Our previous popular science article "Rumoured Enteral Nutrition" has introduced the relevant knowledge of enteral nutrition. Today, I will take you to understand what parenteral nutrition is.

one

What is parenteral nutrition?

Parenteral nutrition (PN) refers to a way of intravenous infusion of nutrients such as amino acids, glucose, lipids, electrolytes, vitamins and trace elements, so that patients can maintain their nutritional status even if they can’t eat, and improve their clinical outcomes.

For elderly patients who need nutritional support treatment, when EN intake is lower than 60% of the body’s energy and protein’s target requirement, it is suggested to give supplementary parenteral nutrition. When the gastrointestinal function of elderly patients is seriously impaired or EN cannot be used, total parenteral nutrition is recommended.

2

Is single bottle infusion better or "all in one" (total nutrient mixture)

Infusion is good?

"All-in-one" infusion means that various nutrients such as carbohydrates, fat emulsion, amino acids, vitamins, electrolytes and trace elements are fully mixed in an infusion bag according to a certain reasonable ratio (sugar-fat ratio, hot-nitrogen ratio, electrolyte concentration, etc.) and then infused.

Compared with single-bottle infusion, "all-in-one" infusion is more in line with the physiological metabolic process of the body, which can make the nutrients input into the body better metabolized and utilized: (1) It can reduce the occurrence of metabolic complications, and avoid increasing the metabolic load due to more glucose or fatty acids entering the body in a unit time when a single-bottle infusion of hypertonic glucose or fat emulsion is used, and even complicated with related metabolic complications, such as hyperglycemia or hyperlipidemia; (2) The nutrients can be diluted with each other, so as to reduce the overall osmotic pressure and reduce the stimulation to veins; (3) It can avoid the need to change the infusion bottle many times during single bottle infusion, simplify the infusion process, save nursing time, reduce the chance of pollution and reduce the risk of related infection.

three

Classification and characteristics of total nutrient mixture

At present, the total nutrient mixture is mainly divided into two forms: industrial multi-cavity bag (including three-cavity bag and double-cavity bag) and hospital preparation (commonly known as "three-liter bag"). So what’s the difference between the two?

Industrialized multi-cavity bag is to divide a special preparation bag into several relatively independent cavities, and fill them with nutritional ingredients such as fat milk, amino acids and glucose respectively. When in use, just squeeze to open the inner cavity partition belt and mix several liquids fully and evenly. Multi-cavity bag has many specifications, and has the characteristics of reasonable prescription, stable quality and ready-to-use, which can reduce prescription and configuration errors, reduce microbial contamination and bloodstream infection, and meet the needs of parenteral nutrition for most patients.

However, for patients who need to strictly limit the amount of liquid and electrolyte intake, have serious metabolic disorders and have special nutritional needs, it is still necessary to prepare individualized parenteral total nutrition mixture in the hospital.

four

How to prepare parenteral total nutrient solution in hospital?

The parenteral total nutrition mixed solution prepared in the hospital was prepared by PIVAS according to the personalized prescription prescribed by doctors and audited by pharmacists, and was mixed and mixed by pharmaceutical professionals in strict accordance with the operation sequence of parenteral nutrition mixed preparation under the clean environment of horizontal laminar flow table.

The prepared parenteral nutrient solution should be used now to avoid direct sunlight; If it needs to be stored, it should be placed in a refrigerator at 4℃ to avoid light and refrigerated, and it should be rewarming before infusion; Even in cold storage, the time from the end of infusion must be limited to 48 hours to ensure safety and effectiveness.

five

Can other drugs be added to parenteral total nutrient solution?

In order to reduce the volume load of patients, parenteral nutrition mixture may be used as the infusion carrier of drugs in clinic. Strictly speaking, neither industrial three-cavity bags nor hospital preparations can be used as infusion carriers for other drugs.

The mixed total nutrient solution is a relatively stable system. If other drugs must be added, it is necessary to carefully evaluate the stability of the system and the effectiveness of each component, and closely monitor the adverse reactions and pharmacological activities of the drugs during the medication.

References:

[1] National Bureau of Statistics. Bulletin of the Seventh National Census: Population Age Composition.

[2] Geriatrics Branch of Chinese Medical Association. China Expert Consensus on Multidisciplinary Decision-making Model of Malnutrition in the Elderly (2023)

[3] Prevalence and outcomes of malnutrition among hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ClinNutr ESPEN(2021)

[4] The impact of nutritional status,nutritional risk, and nutritional treatment on clinical outcome of 2248 hospitalized cancer patients: a multi-center, prospective cohort study in Chinese teaching hospitals. Nutr Cancer(2013)

[5] Cancer Nutrition Committee of China Anti-Cancer Association, Parenteral Nutrition Branch of Chinese Medical Association. China Expert Consensus on Safety Management of Parenteral Nutrition (2021).

Author: Xu Luzhong

Read the original text

　　On the 26th, the train sped past Heihe Bridge in Ganzhou District, Zhangye City, Gansu Province.
　　Chen Lishe (image China)

　　Source: Ministry of Transport

　　On the first day of Spring Festival travel rush, in Beijing West Railway Station, volunteers from Beijing Bureau of China Railway guided the passengers.
　　Our reporter Zhang Wujun photo

　　Core reading

　　On January 26th, 2024, Spring Festival travel rush officially kicked off. Within 40 days, it is estimated that 9 billion people will set foot on the journey. On the first day in Spring Festival travel rush, what was the transportation situation around? What are the new features of Spring Festival travel rush this year? Facing the huge passenger flow, how can all departments do a good job in Spring Festival travel rush’s service guarantee to ensure people’s safe, convenient and warm travel? Please see the reporter’s visit that day.

　　On January 26th, the curtain of Spring Festival travel rush in 2024 was opened. On that day, the cross-regional personnel flow of the whole society is expected to exceed 182 million, including 10.6 million passengers sent by national railways, 169.71 million by highways, 2 million by civil aviation and 520,000 by waterways. "Railway air and water" closely cooperates, intelligent technology is widely used, and the travel service is intimate and warm … All parties cooperate to ensure the safe and smooth travel of passengers.

　　The road network is denser and the capacity is greater-

　　More choices

　　40 days is expected to be 9 billion person-times, with large passenger flow and large traffic volume, how can we make passengers feel at ease?

　　New lines and new stations were unveiled, the road network map was expanded again, and the basic transportation was greatly upgraded.

　　Flower City Guangzhou, the century-old Baiyun Station ushered in the first Spring Festival travel rush crowd after its rejuvenation.

　　"I am most looking forward to going home for the Spring Festival in a year." Ms. Cao, who has worked in Guangdong for 10 years, said, "In the past, it took an hour and a half to get to high-speed railway station by subway. Now it takes 20 minutes to get to the station."

　　The land of abundance, becoming a high-speed railway, ushered in a full moon on the first day of operation in Spring Festival travel rush.

　　"Air-rail combined transport, 3 minutes transfer, so convenient!" During the Spring Festival this year, Liu Haitao, a citizen of Chengdu, is going to Sanya for a holiday. Cheng Ziyi high-speed train gave him a new choice: take the high-speed train from Chengdu East to Tianfu Airport, and then fly to Sanya, which is convenient and efficient.

　　Qilu Dadi, Shandong Jining Daan Airport, ushered in Spring Festival travel rush for the first time after navigation.

　　Carry out the activity of "full love journey" in Spring Festival travel rush, set up "volunteer post for love service" and implement the "first inquiry responsibility system" … On the first day, Jining Daan Airport guaranteed 20 flights with a passenger throughput of 2,234 passengers. During Spring Festival travel rush, it is estimated that 1,000 flights will be guaranteed and the passenger throughput will reach 110,000.

　　Looking back on 2023, the traffic construction has a long way to go. The railway has put into operation a total of 3,637 kilometers of new lines, over 7,000 kilometers of expressways have been built, rebuilt and expanded, two new civil transport airports have been issued, the accessibility of domestic route networks has been expanded by 23%, and the operating mileage of new urban rail transit has exceeded 360 kilometers.

　　By the end of 2023, the national high-speed rail mileage reached 45,000 kilometers, and the expressway mileage reached 177,000 kilometers, ranking first in the world. The transportation network has stronger bones, smoother blood vessels and stronger transportation capacity.

　　In order to ensure the close cooperation between Spring Festival travel rush and multimodal transport, the threshold of transport capacity is adjusted to the maximum.

　　Looking at the railway, it is estimated that about 12,700 passenger trains will be arranged every day before the Spring Festival, and about 12,800 passenger trains will be arranged every day after the Spring Festival, and the passenger capacity will increase by 14.4% and 12.6% respectively compared with Spring Festival travel rush in 2019.

　　Looking at civil aviation, it is estimated that the daily average number of guaranteed flights will reach 16,500, which is basically the same as that in 2019, an increase of 24% compared with that in 2023.

　　On the first day of visiting Spring Festival travel rush, the capacity upgrade is obvious.

　　It is estimated that 1,603 flights will be carried out and 240,000 passengers will be transported, up by 61.9% and 111.3% respectively year-on-year … This is the first day’s answer sheet of Spring Festival travel rush handed over by Air China. "In view of the characteristics of Spring Festival travel rush’s’ visiting relatives fever’ superimposed on’ tourism fever’ this year, Air China increased flights and arranged 1,128 flights." The person in charge of China Air China said.

　　The first train leaves at 5: 34, and it is estimated that 143,000 passengers will be sent throughout the day … On the first day of Spring Festival travel rush, the Beijing West Railway Station was full of people and full of flavor. "As one of the most popular departure cities, Beijing West Railway Station is expected to send 4.92 million passengers during Spring Festival travel rush." Li Chao, spokesman and deputy stationmaster of Beijing West Railway Station, said that the station will start a 24-hour operation mode to ensure that passengers can "walk well" and "walk well".

　　Warm service, showing the taste of the year-

　　The journey warms the heart

　　After returning from Beijing to Chengdu for the New Year, Ms. Zeng was lucky enough to grab the quiet car seat of the G87 train. "Catch the high-speed train early in the morning, quiet car can make up a quiet sleep and the journey is easier."

　　At the end of last year, China Railway Beijing Bureau set up a new quiet car on the G87 train. This year, the number of EMU trains serving quiet car in Spring Festival travel rush has expanded to 72, involving many high-speed rail lines such as Beijing-Shanghai, Beijing-Guangzhou, Jingha, Shanghai-Kunming and Xicheng. Many netizens commented: It’s so sweet!

　　This is a microcosm of Spring Festival travel rush’s service improvement this year. From "walking well" to "walking fast" and then to "walking well", with the increasing demands of passengers on the quality of travel, Spring Festival travel rush’s service pays more and more attention to details and is more considerate.

　　Key passengers are guaranteed and the road home is more secure. Stepping into the terminal building of Baiyun Airport, festive elements such as flowers and lanterns will decorate the departure hall and arrival hall. Volunteer service can be seen everywhere in the terminal entrance, security check-in, self-service check-in, consignment and other areas.

　　"For unaccompanied children, first-time passengers, etc., we have set up special security channels to provide a series of appointment services." Han Lu, deputy manager of the service quality department of Baiyun Airport No.1 Air Traffic Control Branch, said.

　　Also on 26th, China Southern Airlines released six ground service commitments of Spring Festival travel rush, the Guangzhou hub. "We have set up a service love ambassador in Spring Festival travel rush. In case of emergency, passengers can consult the staff wearing the love logo and provide quick services such as flight guidance, late arrival assistance and missed flight change assistance in one stop." The relevant person in charge of China Southern Airlines said.

　　The details are guaranteed in place, and the road home is more satisfactory. Shenyang Railway Department has set up free charging stations in all stations with heavy traffic to meet the emergency charging needs of passengers’ electronic products. In addition, many railway bureau group companies have equipped water heaters and other heating equipment in the washbasins of passenger stations, so that passengers can feel full of warmth whether drinking water or using water in winter.

　　Special new year’s goods on the train add interest to the way home. On the 4045 train from Qiqihar to Jiagedaqi, the carriages are decorated with lanterns and colorful decorations, and the goods on the table are dazzling. Besides fresh fruits, there are also special products such as Chai Yao tea set, velvet antler and venison jiaozi.

　　"The 4045 public welfare slow train passed through 32 stations, 18 boarding and landing points and more than 100 villages. The big collection was put on the train to facilitate the people along the way to buy new year’s goods. " Train conductor He Bin said.

　　The job is sent to the car, and the job is found in advance after the holiday. On the Fuzhou-Guiyang K478 train, a "train job fair" is being held in full swing. Eight large enterprises from Fuzhou brought 2,216 jobs in 50 jobs. According to the staff of Fuzhou Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security, this year is the second year of the activity of "sending posts to get on the bus". Recruitment is made in advance before the holiday, and construction starts after the holiday.

　　AI debut, technical assistance-

　　Travel more convenient

　　Zhengzhou East Railway Station is located at the intersection of Beijing-Guangzhou, Xulan, Zhengtai, Jizheng, Zhengyu and Zhengfu high-speed rail networks. On average, there will be a high-speed train leaving here every 1.35 minutes, and more than 340 passengers will depart from here every 60 seconds during the peak period to all parts of the country. The efficient operation of the station and the shuttle of trains are inseparable from the help of the "Eye of the Sky" system.

　　"This is a highly intelligent integrated management system that monitors the passenger flow and equipment operation of the station in real time to ensure that every gate and every person works efficiently." Song Junying, Deputy Secretary of the General Party Branch of Zhengzhou East Railway Station Passenger Transport Workshop, introduced.

　　In Spring Festival travel rush in 2024, AI system appeared frequently, and information technology was widely used. Smart Spring Festival travel rush is making passengers travel more leisurely.

　　The upgrade of Railway 12306 makes it more convenient for passengers to purchase tickets. This year, Spring Festival travel rush, 12306 has been continuously updated and its functions have been continuously improved. On January 25th, the maximum number of visits in a single day reached 83.03 billion, and 20.901 million tickets were sold, setting a new record for ticket sales in Spring Festival travel rush. The average response time of each visit was 1.4 seconds.

　　"We help passengers to grab tickets more conveniently by pre-filling online ticket purchase requirements, reminding and subscribing to sales, upgrading standby functions, and providing transfer and transfer suggestions." Shan Xinghua, deputy director of the 12306 Science and Technology Innovation Center, said.

　　"Check at hand" applet to make self-driving travel more worry-free. When you open the applet, you can query the location and real-time status of highway charging facilities, and in case of an accident, you can also "call for help with one button" through the applet … This year, the Ministry of Transport launched the "e-road unblocked" WeChat applet in Spring Festival travel rush to facilitate self-driving passengers.

　　"Brush your face and enter the station" to shorten the time for passengers to check tickets. In front of the ticket gate at Korla Station, Ms. Liu, who was going to take the "Fuxing" EMU train to Urumqi, put her second-generation ID card in the identification area and looked up at the camera. In 3 seconds, she completed the verification of tickets, certificates and people and successfully entered the station.

　　Layout design: Shen Yiling

　　People’s Daily (January 27, 2024, 06 edition)

　 　 　 　　Latest this morning

　 　 　 　　This year’s No.4 typhoon "Nida" (strong typhoon level) landed at Dapeng Peninsula in Shenzhen at 3: 35 on the 2nd. When landing, the maximum wind force near the center was 14 (42m/s), and the lowest pressure in the center was 965 hectopascals. It is estimated that Nida will continue to travel northwest at a speed of about 25 kilometers per hour, and its intensity will gradually weaken. There are heavy rains or torrential rains in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian and other places. Among them, there are heavy rains in the Pearl River Delta and the eastern coastal areas of Guangdong, with a maximum wind force of 15. Seven cities may stop production, suspend classes and close the market!

　 　 　 　　In this regard, the National Defense General launched a Class II emergency response to prevent floods and typhoons, and the Guangdong Provincial Defense General launched a Class I emergency response to prevent typhoons and winds, and suggested that seven cities including Guangzhou stop work, stop production, suspend classes and close the market. In the history of Shenzhen, the first typhoon red warning was issued, and it entered a state of special emergency defense against typhoons, and started Class I emergency response against typhoons and floods, and stopped work, business, market and classes. Today, 600 pairs of trains in Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Guanhui area were shut down, and all high-speed trains were shut down. Most flights at Baiyun Airport and Shenzhen Airport will be cancelled from early morning to noon today.

　 　 　 　　important news

　 　 　 　　Yesterday, the navy organized a large-scale live-fire confrontation exercise in a complex electromagnetic environment in a certain sea area of the East China Sea. Three fleets of aviation, submarines, surface ships, coastal defense forces and some radar and electronic countermeasures forces participated in the exercise. This exercise is not aimed at specific countries or targets.

　 　 　 　　In response to the British side’s recent announcement to suspend the Hinkley Point nuclear power project, China’s Foreign Ministry responded that the project was reached by China, Britain and France in the spirit of mutual benefit and win-win cooperation, and has always been strongly supported by the British side and France. I hope that the British side will make a decision as soon as possible to ensure the smooth implementation of the relevant projects.

　 　 　 　　According to the Ministry of Civil Affairs, as of 9: 00 yesterday, various natural disasters have caused this year.140 million people were affected nationwide.,1,102 people died, 271 people were missing, and 6.46 million people were resettled.. Currently, has enteredThe most critical period of flood control and disaster relief is "seven downs and eight ups".We should further do a good job in disaster prevention and relief.

　 　 　 　　Yesterday, the Ministry of Communications publicly solicited opinions on the network car service specification, and proposed to stipulate that ① drivers should not cruise to attract passengers.We should not set up unified dispatching service stations at airports and railway stations, or wait for away passengers.; ② The performance index of network car should be significantly higher than that of local taxis; ③ The charging standard and service price shall be clearly stated.

　 　 　 　　At 12 noon yesterday, the South China Sea officially started fishing.After the sea sacrifice ceremony, more than 150 fishing boats set sail in turn, and 7,962 fishing boats in Hainan Province will also go out to sea one after another, which means that the fishing season in the South China Sea is over.

　△ Aerial photo of fishing boat going out to sea

　 　 　 　　Focus on Rio Olympic Games

　 　 　 　　On the morning of August 6th, Beijing time, the Rio Olympic Games in Brazil will start, and the China Olympic delegation is arriving in Rio one after another. On July 31st, the China Swimming Team arrived in Rio de Janeiro and went to the Olympic Aquatics Gymnasium for the first adaptive training. Ning Zetao introduced that in order to adapt to the competition time, the training time will be adjusted to the evening.

　 　 　 　　China diving team, judo team and tennis team arrived in Rio early yesterday morning local time. Wu Minxia, a diver, said that he didn’t want to pay too much attention to the results, but to do the process well, and many things were unpredictable.

△ Wu Minxia followed the China diving team to Rio.

　 　 　 　　China Olympic weightlifting team changed players at the last minute. Due to injury, Hou Zhihui, a 48kg female weightlifter, was replaced, and Meng Suping, who was over 75kg, played.

△ data map: Hou Zhihui

　 　 　 　　It is reported in Reuters that Russian delegations have arrived in Rio one after another, but the final decision of which Russian athletes can compete in the Olympic Games still needs to be made by the jury, and the verdict may be released today. At present, the total number of Russian delegations banned has exceeded 100.

　 　 　 　　international

　 　 　 　　The Russian Defense Ministry confirmed yesterday that an Russian Mi -8 transport helicopter was shot down in Syria, and the lives of three crew members and two Russian coordinators in Syria are unknown.

　 　 　 　　A few days ago, tens of thousands of Brazilians took to the streets of Rio de Janeiro and S? o Paulo to protest and demand that the suspended President Rousseff step down. The final impeachment vote for Rousseff will begin on August 29th after the Olympic Games and end on September 2nd.

　△ Many people took part in the demonstration, demanding the expulsion of suspended President dilma rousseff.

　 　 　 　　Official website, USA (ACT) News: In order to improve the answering experience of candidates and strengthen the safety of the exam, a computer-based exam will be implemented in ACT International Examination Center next autumn.

　 　 　 　　Due to the deadlock in labor negotiations, Air France started a new round of strike a few days ago, and the company was forced to cancel about 20% of its flights. According to the statistics of Air France on July 31st, there were 150,000 passengers who could not travel as planned due to strikes in the past five days.

　△ data map

　 　 　 　　society

　 　 　 　　Yesterday, the Ministry of Civil Affairs publicly solicited opinions on the registration management of social organizations,The names of local social organizations shall not be prefixed with the words "China", "National", "China", "International" and "World".

　 　 　 　　The National Tourism Administration plans to stipulate that travel agencies and their branches and service outlets will be fined up to 300,000 yuan if they attract, organize and receive tourists at a lower cost than reception and service without reasonable reasons.

　△ data map

　 　 　 　　Feng Zhiming, head of the "Huge Case" task force, was tried yesterday.The indictment alleges that Feng Zhiming, the defendant, served as the director of the Saihan District Public Security Bureau of Hohhot Public Security Bureau, member of the Party Committee and deputy director of Hohhot Public Security Bureau, helped other units and individuals in real estate, catering and entertainment operations, and received more than 4.5 million yuan in property; Embezzlement of public funds and property; Illegal possession of 4 guns and 549 bullets; The source of property worth more than 34 million yuan cannot be explained.

△ Data Map: Feng Zhiming

　 　 　 　　Affected by heavy rain, at about 19: 00 on August 1, a landslide occurred near the east of the intersection of Zhongyuan Road and Wenhua Palace Road in Zhengzhou, Henan Province. According to Henan Business Daily, three electric cars, including three adults and one child, fell into the pit. So far, one man and one woman have been rescued, and one adult and one child have not been found.

　 　 　 　　The police in Jingmen, Hubei recently detected a case of infringing citizens’ personal information, and intercepted about 100G of personal information data of various citizens, nearly 100 million pieces. The gang sold more than 1.92 million pieces of information, illegally profited more than 40,000 yuan, and four suspects have been detained.

　 　 　 　　The local police station responded to the online exposure that "a car owner in Weihai, Shandong Province maliciously dragged a puppy to death" and has investigated and handled it.

　 　 　 　　finance and economy

　 　 　 　　Kunming police news: Kunming Pan Asia Nonferrous Metals Exchange Co., Ltd. and its affiliated companies and senior executives are suspected of illegal fund-raising. The actual controller of the company, Shan Jiuliang, and other 20 major suspects have been transferred to the prosecution for review and prosecution.

　△ data map

　 　 　 　　Recently, Shenzhen Stock Exchange stipulated that if it involves the acquisition of the shares of cast members and their affiliated companies, it should disclose the basis for the investment and pricing of cast members and their affiliated companies, and whether there are differences with other investors.

△ data map

　 　 　 　　Regarding the statement that "WeChat shopping is not protected by consumer law", Gansu Provincial Administration for Industry and Commerce responded that this statement is incomplete and imprecise, and enterprises or individual industrial and commercial households with legal procedures such as business licenses carry out sales activities through WeChat, which belongs to the scope of consumer law adjustment.

　 　 　 　　Today’s tip

　 　 　 　　● Summer train travel guide

　 　 　 　　Every summer vacation is the peak of train passenger transport, and some friends go home or travel by train. But what should I do if I lose my ID card or ticket? Where can I charge my mobile phone if it is dead? What should I do if the high-speed rail stops supplying 15 yuan box lunch?

　 　 　 　　What should I do if I lose my ID card?

　 　 　 　　You can apply for temporary identification from the police station of the railway station.

　 　 　 　　What should I do if I lose my train ticket?

　 　 　 　　You can report the loss at the ticket window of the station no later than 20 minutes before the ticket stop time at the ticket issuing station, and you must provide the original valid ID card, the date of the original ticket and the name of the station where the ticket is purchased.

　 　 　 　　(3) high-speed rail 15 yuan lunch supply? You can call 12306 to complain.

　 　 　 　　15 yuan box lunch and 2 yuan mineral water must be provided on any train. If passengers make a purchase but the train cannot provide it, they can call 12306 to complain.

　 　 　 　　④ The mobile phone is dead, where can I charge it?

　 　 　 　　At present, except for a few green leather cars, all air-conditioned car sockets are powered. Generally, the socket of high-speed rail car is under the seat; There is a socket in each compartment of the soft sleeper of the ordinary train, two in the corridor and one in the bathroom; There are three hard sleeper corridors and one in the flight attendant room; There’s one in the hard-seat cabin.

　 　 　 　　That year today

　 　 　 　　She is a hero who has been amazed by fake newspapers for days — — Zhao Yiman

　 　 　 　　1936-At the age of 31, Zhao Yiman was killed by the Japanese army. Previously, she endured the inhuman torture of the Japanese army for nine months and was brave and unyielding. Before she died, she wrote to her young son: "When you grow up, I hope you don’t forget that your mother died for her country." This will was not discovered until 1957.

　 　 　 　　Today’s topic

　 　 　 　　Halfway through the summer vacation this year, many primary and middle school students started the "white plus black" homework mode. Some parents went into battle to help, and some even paid someone to write their homework. Some people think that summer homework is heavy and repetitive, which is easy to make children feel tired and limit their development. It is really helpless to find "ghostwriting"; Others believe that this is the evolution of a series of bad habits such as plagiarism and cheating, which should be strictly prohibited. What do you think of this? Did you need to do your summer homework by ghostwriting?

　 　 　 　　Leave a message to share your opinion ~

Strengthen scientific and technological innovation of digital agriculture

　 Tang Huajun, Academician of China Academy of Engineering and Dean of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences

　　Recently, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the Central Network Information Office jointly issued the "Digital Agriculture and Rural Development Plan (2019-2025)" to make top-level design and systematic planning for promoting the development of digital agriculture and rural areas. To fully implement the deployment requirements of the plan, it is necessary to strengthen scientific and technological innovation in digital agriculture and rural areas and create new engines and kinetic energy for agricultural and rural modernization.

　　The integration of digital technology and agriculture and rural areas is accelerating, but the development of digital agriculture and rural areas still faces many challenges.The new generation of information technology, represented by mobile Internet, big data, cloud computing and artificial intelligence, is developing with each passing day. The data is exploding and growing, gathering in large quantities, and digitalization, networking and intelligence are accelerating to penetrate into the agricultural industrial system, production system and management system, profoundly changing the global economic landscape. The CPC Central Committee and the State Council vigorously promoted the construction of digital China, implemented the strategy of digital countryside, continuously improved the ability of scientific and technological innovation, significantly accelerated the research and development of facilities and equipment, vigorously developed remote sensing, Internet of Things and big data applications, synchronized development of digital industrialization and industrial digitalization, and the emergence of new digital industries and formats, which promoted the digital transformation and upgrading of traditional agriculture and rural areas. Compared with industry and service industry, the application of digital research in agriculture and rural areas is obviously lagging behind. The infrastructure is still weak, the construction of data resource system is not perfect, and the lack of standards hinders the application collaboration and develops the foundation "gap"; The research and development strength of core key technologies is insufficient, the adaptability of agricultural robots and intelligent agricultural machinery equipment is poor, and the innovation ability is "out of gear"; The integration of digital technology with agriculture and rural areas is insufficient, data integration is insufficient, development and application are insufficient, and the level of industrialization is "broken", so it is urgent to fill the "short board" of insufficient digitalization.

　　Promote scientific and technological innovation in digital agriculture and rural areas and empower agricultural and rural modernization with data.We should take "data-knowledge-decision-making" as the main line, break through the core key technologies, equipment and integrated systems, and lay a solid foundation for the development of digital agriculture and rural areas. First, strengthen the innovation of accurate perception and data collection technology, build an agricultural and rural information collection technology system integrating "sky and land", carry out research on data collection, input, summary, application and management technology, improve the ability of obtaining and processing raw data, and solve the basic problem of "where does the data come from and how to manage it". The key point is to promote the research and development of professional remote sensing satellites to meet the needs of agriculture and rural areas, break through the common key technologies of UAV agricultural application, overcome the special sensors for agricultural production environment and physiological signs of animals and plants, and realize cross-regional, all-factor and multi-level data collection of agricultural resources and environment, production, management, management and service in important agricultural areas and pastoral areas; Research and develop a big data management platform for agriculture and rural areas, and break through key technologies such as "centralized+distributed" integrated cloud architecture and data security for agricultural and rural resources and assets. The second is to strengthen the innovation of data mining and intelligent diagnosis technology, build an intelligent processing and analysis technology system for agricultural big data, strengthen the advanced layout of strategic cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence, virtual reality, blockchain+agriculture, and big data cognitive analysis, and solve the key problem of "how to process and analyze data". The key point is to tackle key problems in common, integrate agronomy knowledge and models, computer vision, deep learning and other methods, and develop proprietary models and algorithms for monitoring, identifying, diagnosing, simulating and regulating animal and plant production, so as to realize digital and intelligent diagnosis of all factors and the whole process of agricultural production;Focusing on rural digital services, we will strengthen the research and development of key technologies such as agricultural and rural data resource association mining, intelligent retrieval, intelligent matching and deep learning to meet farmers’ all-round information needs for public welfare services, convenience services, e-commerce and experience services. The third is to strengthen the technical innovation of precise management and information service, build a technical system of intelligent decision-making and management in agriculture and rural areas with data empowerment, speed up the digital transformation of industry management and service processes, and solve the export problem of "how data serves". The key point is to strengthen the integration research of agricultural and rural proprietary software and information system, and develop ambient intelligence control system, rapid detection of agricultural product quality and cold chain logistics technology, and reliable traceability technology of agricultural products; Strengthen the independent research and development capabilities of intelligent equipment, create a number of agricultural intelligent sensing, intelligent control, autonomous operation and other material equipment, and focus on breaking through intelligent equipment such as agricultural robots, numerical control spraying, intelligent detection, intelligent handling, intelligent picking, and grading and sorting of fruit and vegetable products; Develop digital agricultural standards and specifications, and establish data standards, data access and services, software and hardware interfaces and other standards and specifications.

　　Construct the scientific and technological innovation system of digital agriculture and rural areas, and enhance the independent innovation ability of digital agriculture and rural areas.To accelerate the scientific and technological innovation of digital agriculture in rural areas, we should not only play the role of the government, but also mobilize the forces of all parties to form a joint force and jointly promote it. It is suggested that government departments at all levels should further increase investment, improve special facilities and R&D bases, and build a number of national digital agricultural rural innovation centers and professional sub-centers around strategic frontier technology layout, key common technology research, technology integration application and demonstration, and agricultural artificial intelligence R&D application, and build an innovation platform for technology research, equipment research and development and system integration. Take tackling key problems in digital agriculture and rural science and technology as the support focus of major national special projects and key research and development plans, establish a modern agricultural industrial technology system, and promote the deep integration of digital technology and agriculture and rural areas. Cooperate with scientific research institutions, universities, enterprises and other parties to cultivate a number of leading talents, engineers and high-level management teams in digital agriculture and rural areas. Strengthen the training of digital agriculture and rural business, carry out the activities of talents going to the countryside in the field of digital agriculture and rural areas, popularize the relevant knowledge of digital agriculture and rural areas, and improve the application and management level of digital technology for "three rural" cadres, new business entities and high-quality farmers. As a national comprehensive agricultural research institution, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences will gather the research strength and scientific and technological resources of the whole hospital and even the whole country, aim at the strategic needs of China’s digital agriculture and rural development, condense major scientific and technological propositions, and carry out collaborative innovation and joint research on major theories, key technologies and equipment of digital agriculture and rural agriculture from a higher level and a broader perspective to solve major scientific and technological problems;Focusing on the deep integration of digital technology and agricultural and rural modernization, we will effectively integrate existing advanced equipment, practical mature technologies and system achievements, carry out standardized assembly, integration, maturation and application verification, accelerate the transformation and demonstration application of digital agricultural and rural scientific research achievements, and explore the two-way integration mechanism of "innovation chain+industrial chain" to provide strong scientific and technological support for implementing rural revitalization strategy and solving China’s "three rural" problems.

Three major US stock indexes overnightfall,S&P 500 indexIt fell 0.12% to 5130.95 points.Nasdaq composite indexIt fell 0.41% to 16,207.51 points.Dow Jones industrial averageIt fell by 0.25% to 38,989.83 points.

Among the US stocks overnight,A total of 92 Chinese stocks rose and 169 Chinese stocks fell..

Popular Chinese stocksAmong them, Alibaba fell by 3.51%, Pinduoduo by 3.73%, Netease by 1.46%, Baidu by 3.17%, JD.COM by 4.87%, New Oriental by 0.27%, Billy by 3.18% and Iqiyi by 4.71%.

New forces of building carsAll fell, LI fell by 13.64%, Weilai fell by 7.79% and Xpeng Motors fell by 8.04%.

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