These sections are prone to congestion! Zhengzhou traffic police issued a return trip reminder →

The Mid-Autumn Festival of National Day in 2025 lasts for 8 days from Wednesday, October 1st to Wednesday, October 8th, and starts work on Thursday, October 9th. On October 8, due to the increase of returning vehicles and other factors, there will be a large traffic volume at the high-speed entrances around Zhengzhou, urban viaducts and main roads.

Holiday Expressway implements a toll-free policy for passenger cars with less than 7 seats (including 7 seats). The free time is from 0: 00 on October 1 to 24: 00 on October 8, and the free time is based on the time when the vehicle leaves the exit toll lane. If you haven’t reached your destination before this time period, you can choose the way of getting off the expressway in advance and then getting on the station, and enjoy most of the free policies.

Of course, in order to save highway tolls, you can’t drive too fast or illegally occupy emergency lanes, causing certain safety hazards. Affected by the high-speed free policy, it is expected that there will be a large traffic volume at the stations around Zhengzhou from 16: 00 pm to 20: 00 pm on October 8.

Wangmingze photography

Zhengzhou traffic police remind you to pay attention to the road information in advance and plan your travel plan reasonably to avoid the inconvenience caused by the large traffic volume.

Weather conditions in Zhengzhou

Today, from day to night: there is light rain on cloudy days, and the northeast wind is 2-3.

Maximum temperature: 19 ~ 20℃, minimum temperature: 11 ~ 12℃

9th: There is light rain on cloudy days, 11 ~ 13℃

10th: There is light rain on cloudy days, 11 ~ 13℃

8 th night to 10 th: the northeast wind is 3, and the gust is 5-6.

Analysis of easy-to-block return road section

During the return journey, the easy-to-block sections in the city are concentrated in the east-west direction of Longhai Expressway, the east-west direction of Zhengkai Avenue, the east-west direction of North Third Ring Road, the east-west direction of South Third Ring Road, the south-north direction of Beijing-Guangzhou Expressway, the north-south direction of Xinzheng First Class Road (South Exit of Yellow River Highway Bridge -S312 Provincial Highway), the east-west direction of Agricultural Expressway, the east-west direction of Hanghai Road (Chaofeng Road-Zhongzhou Avenue) and Songshan South Road (Zheng Luan Expressway)

Return Yidu Expressway Toll Gate

On the afternoon of October 8, the return traffic increased, and the return peak was from 1600 to 2000. The traffic flow of Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao Expressway from Zhengzhou to the airport and Xinxiang to Zhengzhou, Lianhuo Expressway from Zhengzhou to Gongyi Tunnel, Zhengzhou-Luan (Yao) Expressway from Zhengzhou to Huancheng and Shizu Mountain Tunnel is relatively large. At the same time, the traffic volume at the entrances of expressways will increase sharply, such as Zhengzhou South Station of Airport Expressway, Zhengdong New Area Station of Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao Expressway, Putian Station, Liulin Station, Huiji Station, Gouzhao Station, Huayuan Road Station of Lianhuo Expressway, Shilihe Station, Houzhai Station and Longhai Road Station of Southwest Ring Expressway, etc., where the traffic volume is large, you can travel at the wrong peak, or check the mobile phone map and choose the site with small traffic volume to enter the market.

Zhengzhou traffic police reminded

First, know the road flow in advance through the mobile phone map before traveling, and choose the appropriate route. Once the road traffic is slow and congested, it is recommended to modify the travel route in time, travel at the wrong peak or choose to bypass the congested road section.

Second, pay attention to weather warning, make travel plans in advance, and give priority to green travel and public transportation. In case of severe weather such as strong wind, fog and precipitation, you should slow down and keep a safe distance from the car in front, and observe the road conditions before passing.

Third, when driving, you should obey the law, don’t park indiscriminately, and don’t answer the phone; Seat belts must be worn in the front row and back row to travel safely and civilized.

The fourth is to establish a defensive driving concept. When driving, concentrate and have no distractions, always observe the road ahead, observe the situation behind the car from time to time through the rearview mirror and the left and right reversing mirrors, and hold the defensive thought that passing vehicles will illegally change lanes at any time, illegally overtake, slam on the brakes and other wrong driving, so as to prevent the dangers at any time. Once an accident occurs, take defensive measures such as steering avoidance and braking in advance.

Fifth, when a vehicle has a minor traffic accident, it can quickly handle the accident and evacuate the scene by means of traffic management 12123 video rapid disposal, so as to reduce the traffic congestion caused by the accident occupying the road.

Reporter Zhang Yudong

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Editor: Li Yiqing

Vision Wang Chaochen Zhou Gaohong

Coordinating ∣ Wang Haiping Huang Xiucheng

Source: Zhengzhou Traffic Police, Zhengzhou Meteorology

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Original title: "These sections are easy to be congested! Zhengzhou traffic police issued a return trip reminder → "

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[Research Report] Soda Ash: Returning to Supply and Demand after Emotion

  Soda: Returning to Supply and Demand after Emotion

  Written date: October 31, 2024

  Metal department

  Name Zhang Xi

  QualificationNo.: F3046164

  Investment consulting number: Z0015768

  abstract

  At present, the soda ash disk is rising with the glass, and the varieties of real estate departments are rising in the short term, which has boosted the soda ash market. From a fundamental point of view, soda ash is still surplus. Even after the production reduction, the inventory hit a new high in the year, and the current inventory is close to the highest level in history. Lianyungang Alkali Industry, Debon, Xiangyu Salt Chemical Industry and Zhongtian Alkali Industry with a total capacity of 2.3 million tons are expected to reach full production in the fourth quarter, and the supply pressure is still relatively high. Recently, the export orders of soda ash are general, and the increase of sea freight is superimposed on the loosening of foreign prices, and the export performance of soda ash is dull.

  On the whole, the upward elasticity of prices is limited before the supply and demand ends have improved significantly. In view of the good macro atmosphere in the short term, it is necessary to be alert to the influence of marginal improvement of commodity sentiment on the price trend of soda ash.

  Risk warning: investors and production enterprises need to pay close attention to supply changes and the rhythm of downstream replenishment in order to make reasonable business decisions.

  First, the spot market analysis.

  In terms of spot, the domestic soda ash spot market fluctuated and the price was adjusted within a narrow range. Short-term stoppage or equipment problems of individual enterprises have led to a narrow decline in start-up and output.

  In terms of futures, the price of soda ash continued to fluctuate. At present, the futures premium is high, and the delivery price in the mainstream area is 1450-1500 yuan/ton, and the disk is temporarily supported in this position. If soda ash is started at a high level, there is still room for downward price.

Figure 1: Basis difference of soda ash (yuan/ton)

Figure 2: chart of main contract of soda ash futures (yuan/ton)

Source: Steel Union Data, Wenhua Finance, Huishang Futures Research Institute.

  Second, the analysis of supply and demand and its influencing factors

  (1) The downward trend of the supply side continues.

  Since the load of Shandong Haitian dropped last week, Tangshan Sanyou Equipment announced the reduction to about 70% at the beginning of this week. As of October 25, 2024, the overall operating rate of soda ash was 87.11%, a decrease of 0.44% from the previous month and an increase of 1.77% from the same period last year. The output of soda ash in Zhou Du was 726,100 tons, a decrease of 0.5% from the previous month and an increase of 5.23% year-on-year. From the seasonal trend chart, we can see that the operating rate of soda ash has decreased greatly recently, which is close to the historical average level. From the absolute value of the operating rate, about 80% of the operating rate is still in line with the balanced expectation. As long as the operating rate is maintained at a high level, the fundamentals will remain weak.

  Judging from the seasonal trend of output, the weekly output of soda ash is still at a high level over the years. In the early stage, due to the continuous drop in spot prices, the pace of overhaul and load reduction in some soda plants has been accelerated, and the overall output has been reduced. At present, it has returned to a high level of operation, and the upward pressure on soda ash prices still exists.

Figure 3: Seasonal trend chart of domestic soda ash production (10,000 tons)

Figure 4: Seasonal trend chart of operating rate of soda ash (%)

Source: (), Huishang Futures Research Institute

  (B) raw material demand support is weak

  At present, the float glass fueled by natural gas and coal-to-gas is in a state of loss, and the average weekly profit of float glass fueled by petroleum coke reaches 30.99 yuan/ton. There are many water discharge plans in the production line. Although some production lines have ignition plans, there is no glass output, so the overall output may show a downward trend.

  The demand for float glass and photovoltaic glass has weakened, and the increase in industry losses has led to a gradual contraction in glass production capacity. As of October 28, 2024, the domestic float glass production capacity was 159,700 tons/day according to the statistics of the Steel Federation, a decrease of 2.29% from the previous month and a decrease of 7.01% from the same period last year. The production capacity of photovoltaic glass was 95,300 tons/day, a decrease of 0.7% month-on-month and 0.27% year-on-year.

  According to the statistics of the Steel Federation, the operating rate of domestic float glass was 78.52%, up 0.28% from the previous month and down 3.89% from the same period of last year, and the number of production lines started was 234.

  On the whole, the cold repair has been carried out slowly. Since March, the number of production lines has been reduced by 25, the overall supply has been tightened, the heavy caustic soda just needs to be reduced, and the demand side is weak in supporting the market.

Figure 5: Seasonal trend chart of daily melting amount of float glass (ton)

Figure 6: Seasonal trend chart of daily melting amount of photovoltaic glass (ton)

Source: Straight Flush and Huishang Futures Research Institute.

  (3) Inventories hit a new high in the year.

  At present, under the influence of the weak downstream demand of soda ash and the mentality of buying up but not buying down, the recent market sentiment is depressed, and the orders of soda plants are generally received. Most of the inventory in the early stage has been transferred to the middle reaches, and the upstream begins to return to the accumulation process. As of October 25, 2024, the total inventory of domestic soda ash manufacturers was 1.663 million tons, an increase of 0.77% from the previous month and 266.46% from the same period last year.

  At present, the accumulation of soda plants continues, and the continuous high inventory weakens the upward kinetic energy of soda ash prices to some extent. Short-term observation of production reduction shows that in the case of sustained losses, high-cost producers may potentially reduce their burdens, and the inventory pressure may be eased.

Figure 7: Seasonal trend chart of soda enterprise inventory (10,000 tons)

Figure 8: Seasonal trend chart of available days of inventory (days)

Source: Straight Flush and Huishang Futures Research Institute.

  (D) The profit of ammonia-alkali combined alkali is negative.

  This round of decline in soda ash market began in May, breaking through the tradition of seasonal fluctuation in previous years. In the peak season, the price center of soda ash market continued to move down from July to August, and the profitability of enterprises continued to deteriorate, and the overall profit was far lower than the historical level. As of October 25th, 2024, the production profit of domestic ammonia-alkali enterprises was -116.5 yuan/ton, down by 3.26% month-on-month and 119.67% year-on-year. The production profit of combined alkali enterprises was -87.9 yuan/ton, down by 36.49% month-on-month and down by 112.17% year-on-year.

  The consumption of materials in ammonia-alkali process is mainly synthetic ammonia, coal, salt and limestone, while the main materials in combined alkali process are coal and salt. At present, the average cost is slightly higher than that of the same period last year. According to the statistics of Flush Information, the cost of domestic ammonia-alkali enterprises is 1,717 yuan/ton, down 0.17% from the previous month and 2.87% from the same period last year. The cost of the combined alkali enterprise was 1,532.87 yuan/ton, down 1.32% from the previous month and 4.72% from the same period last year.

Figure 9: Profit of soda ash (yuan/ton)

Figure 10: Cost of soda ash (yuan/ton)

Source: Straight Flush and Huishang Futures Research Institute.

  Third, the spread analysis

  Judging from the current fundamental situation, glass production is facing losses in the whole industry. If the cold repair is concentrated, the profit will be improved, and the downstream will restore the willingness and ability to replenish the warehouse. The soda ash 01 contract is close to the cost line. If the market outlook sees that the inventory has stabilized and the start-up is maintained at around 80%, the far-month contract is stronger than the recent-month contract in terms of valuation. Unilateral risk is large, so it is suggested to pay attention to the 1-5 hedging strategy in intertemporal arbitrage, but at the same time, we need to pay attention to the progress of subsequent new production capacity and the capacity clearing of demand-side glass.

Figure 11: Price difference chart of soda ash-glass (RMB/ton)

Figure 12: Intertemporal price difference of soda ash (yuan/ton)

Source: Straight Flush and Huishang Futures Research Institute.

  Fourth, summary of views and strategy recommendation

  In the short term, driven by macro-policies, the downstream positive feedback boosted the center of gravity of soda ash to move up, and the market followed, but the improvement of actual demand was not obvious. The downstream just needed to reduce the expectation of consumption and storage, and the upstream continued the trend of accumulation. In the fourth quarter, the new production capacity was 2.3 million tons, and the supply pressure was still relatively large.

  On the whole, soda ash is still in the cycle of overcapacity, and there is limited room for sustained price rebound before the fundamentals of supply and demand have improved significantly.

Media Watch | |Sora was born, how should we "check"?

Editor’s note:The appearance of Sora "World Simulator" marks another revolutionary reconstruction of information environment. Sora, based on Transformer and Diffusion model, has established a wide range of interaction between human/society and intelligent generation model in a real sense. The "Wensheng Video" generated by the whole people far exceeds deep forgery in terms of generation magnitude and detection difficulty, and shows its potential destructive effect on the real media as an "iterative universal version" of deep forgery. Zhang Menghan, an associate professor, and Chen Ze, a doctoral student, wrote in the 4th issue of Media Watch in 2024 that Sora, which takes "100 million parameters" as the data learning unit, has brought the alienation of the gatekeeper relationship. The gatekeeper activities carried out by the media, platforms and the public in accordance with the existing gatekeeper relationship will not only help the public to reduce external uncertainty and ensure the order of information, but will aggravate the disorder of information systems. The change of technical environment calls for the timely debugging and promotion of the theory of gatekeeper. In this context, the check should first be understood as the process of helping the public to establish meaningful contact with the real society with news truth. Whether the gatekeeper theory can get rid of the metaphor of "action" and return to the ontological meaning of social function is directly related to its theoretical and practical significance in the era of generative artificial intelligence.

 

Under the background of the emergence of artificial intelligence video with Sora as the "starting point", which leads to the loss of our perception of the reliability of the outside world, how to promote the matching between the gate-keeping theory and the peak of technological development? Perhaps we need to start from the technology itself and take "reverse engineering" as the cutting-in way, so as to launch an anatomical comprehensive observation. According to Hettne’s point of view, the more complicated a problem is, the more we need to return to its underlying mechanism and the space where "events" occur, so that we can effectively explain and respond to reality. Specifically, the gatekeeper theory-in the newspaper era, it is to observe the daily work of Mr. Gates in the newsroom, and in the digital era, it is to analyze the consequences of the decentralization of gatekeeper power and dismantle the black box of algorithm with theoretical tools and technology. The complex technical schema of artificial intelligence requires us to return to the "device" that most intuitively records the characteristics, modes and operating mechanisms of related artificial intelligence technologies, that is, to take the specific technical structure as the perspective.

Because the code segment of OpenAI is not open source, this paper focuses on the technical architecture features of Sora, and takes the open source generative AI code "DF Software For All" which is based on the same model (Transformer and Differentiation) as an exploratory supplement. This paper mainly explores why Sora’s technical framework subverts the existing gatekeeper mechanism and the structural impact of the change of gatekeeper relationship on the social system, and tries to explore the possibility of advancing the gatekeeper theory in Sora era on this basis.

Beyond Deep Forgery: Risk of Failure of Gatekeeper under the Reorganization of Human/Machine Model Relationship

When we make a technical comparison between deep forgery and Sora, we can more clearly and intuitively understand the overall impact of Sora on the existing customs control system.

First of all, deep forgery technology does not have the actual "intelligence", that is, it does not form an effective connection between the public and the machine model. According to Burkell, "deep forgery is a tool of experts in a few fields, but it has no use for the public", thus "it is far from the original intention pursued by artificial intelligence". Under the technical threshold, the number of deeply forged videos in circulation is relatively limited. According to the statistics of ContentDetector.AI, between 2017 and 2023, the total number of deeply forged videos on the global Internet is about 500,000. Among them, 96% are "pornographic forged" content, and the rest are related to political, economic, entertainment and other topics. The proportion of deeply forged videos with the possibility of "causing social unrest" is only 4%. It is these more than 20,000 deeply forged videos that have made human society step into the "false information age" and opened the prelude to the "end of the gatekeeper role" of journalism.

Different from deep forgery, OpenAI "bridges" through a series of technologies, making Sora the first social technology in the history of artificial intelligence that allows everyone to connect with the video generation model. In a real sense, the artificial intelligence video generation model completes the transformation from "domain technology" to "public product"-users don’t need to know how to transmit the coded information matrix output by Encoder to Decoder, and they don’t need to use any complicated CGI(Computer Generated Images) tools. Anyone can get a video that is enough to confuse the fake with the real by uploading a text narrative. If deep forgery challenges the traditional way of checking the customs based on the naked eye, then the emergence of Sora leads us into an era of "mass production" of "the catastrophe of false information", as Steven Levy said. We may imagine the following situation: When there are countless AI news videos such as "Biden dies, Harris is acting president" and "National motor vehicles are restricted" in one day, the chaos in the information field will also lead to the disorder of the social system. Under the interaction between numerous user nodes and Sora, the total amount of "Wensheng Video" generated in one day may exceed the sum of deeply forged videos in the past five years. This is bound to have a subversive impact on the existing customs control system, customs control methods and customs control strategies, and lead to disorder of the information environment.

Secondly, in view of the technical characteristics of deep forgery, there are many features in the generated video that can be identified and detected. For example, edge artifacts of image frames, fidelity changes during facial deformation, frame sequence residuals, etc. Sora follows the learning process of "accumulation-understanding-output", rather than the "synthesis" process of deeply forging "A+B", and there is no technical feature brought by "image fusion". Therefore, although Sora still has some problems such as the inability to accurately simulate the physical state of interaction, the existing technologies such as Reality Defender and The Fact are also difficult to accurately identify Sora videos. In this context, the "human +AI" collaborative mode proposed by Felix Simon has become an idealized idea. When neither manual check nor "machine check" can complete the identification of Sora video, the significance of check itself will dissipate.

Although Sora is still a "beta version" only used by artists, film producers and other groups, the last version history of AI-generated video, namely deep forgery, has shown us its comprehensive impact on the social information exchange order. According to Meckel’s view, the deeply forged carriage is carrying human beings away from the stable real world. However, Sora based on Transformer and Diffusion model is far superior to deep forgery in terms of generation order, detection difficulty and potential destructiveness. If deep forgery is the beginning of the separation of human beings from the stable real world, then Sora’s subversion of the existing control mechanism will undoubtedly lead us into a Dystopia dominated by gamism.

The more checks, the more chaos? Reconstruction of "Truth Appearing Mechanism" under the Condition of Alienation

The standard of action in the "field" of news control consists of two basic logics. The first is the control of "possibility set" from the perspective of cybernetics, which determines which information can be selected and flowed out of the "pipeline". The second is the core requirement of journalistic professional ethics for news gatekeepers, that is, the issue of authenticity. It can be seen that there are "two barriers" in news control, namely, content barrier and fact barrier. News gatekeepers need to select "news that can be released" from a series of "information materials" under the joint influence of importance, publicity, profit objectives, etc., so as to complete the content level; It is also necessary to ensure the authenticity of the selected information through "fact check".

Through the analysis of the second part of "DF Software For All" code, it can be found that in the training process of neural network, the number of images on each side has reached 500-5000. Such an intensive amount of training "is enough to make it impossible for human beings to judge the authenticity through the naked eye." Compared with "DF Software For All", Sora has achieved a qualitative leap in both the training amount and the learning database size. At present, Sora has begun to use videos from Shutterstock database and public network as training materials, and the training amount of its generated videos has to be calculated in units of "100 million parameters", far exceeding the training amount of any known model. This means that Sora will have a stronger ability to "confuse the real with the fake". A large number of AI-generated videos can easily bypass the "fact barrier" of traditional gatekeepers based on naked eye observation. In the past, the fact-checking mode based on "manual" is no longer able to cope with such a complicated technical situation.

The failure of the "fact gateway" will lead to a huge impact on the "content gateway". The original operation mechanism of "content gateway" is: on the basis of ensuring the authenticity of news, the gatekeeper shakes a "news screen" woven by "vines" such as market, political system and audience, so that some information with large granularity can flow into the information system, thus "countless event information is converted into controllable media information". Generally speaking, the size of information particles is determined by the degree of fit with the news value judgment system. In other words, if a piece of information is more important, novel and interesting, it is more likely to be processed into news by the gatekeeper and spread quickly in the information system.

However, for the video news generated by Sora, because it can be produced in an imaginative way out of reality, everyone can adjust the inherent properties of the generated video at will by editing the text content, and create a large-grained news that is difficult to distinguish between true and false. If you want the importance of "news" to be more prominent, you can set the video subject to the White House or the Russian-Ukrainian battlefield. If you want "news" to be more exciting, you can take conflict and violence as the keynote of video narration. The granularity of information has changed from the objective attribute of information to the control panel that can be dragged at will. The "content check" by the media, the public and the platform based on the granularity of information will not only accelerate the entropy increase of the information system, but also bring about the alienation of the existing check relationship.

The platform and the public have respectively formed a profit-oriented algorithm and a self-determination logic dominated by personal interests. Driven by the pressure of survival and traffic competition, the media’s gatekeeper activities are gradually dominated by the gatekeeper logic of the public and the platform. It can be said that the appearance of the internet has completely changed the traditional relationship between customs and gates. However, when the gatekeeper relationship reconstructed by the Internet collides head-on with the "Wensheng Video" represented by Sora, a new crisis of the information system arises. The gatekeeper activities carried out according to the existing gatekeeper relationship will not only fail to exert its "living functional order", that is, help the public reduce external uncertainty and play the role of ordering information, but will aggravate the disorder of the information system.

According to Masip and others, the public always prefers those "novel, exciting and interesting" contents to "events in daily life". The simulation and creativity of Sora make the information content generated by SORA have almost unlimited space in satisfying the public’s excitement and interest. The sharing rate, dissemination rate, diffusion range and interactive attraction of this kind of information "usually far exceed an ordinary and important news". Therefore, the public’s personal interest-oriented control is likely to become the diffuser of AI-generated video. Public praise, forwarding or discussion will promote the rapid spread of AI-generated videos in information systems and expand the coverage of potential negative impacts.

At the same time, the platform’s gatekeeper mechanism is also hijacked by the information characteristics of AI-generated videos and the public’s information preferences.

On the whole, the check-up mechanism of the platform is mainly composed of three parts. First, the platform itself checks after negative information or false information enters the public view. Second, it is the public voting mechanism. Thirdly, it is an intelligent distribution mechanism based on algorithms. In addition, the platform algorithm and the public’s gatekeeper power are actually "deprived" from traditional media. If the public and the platform get the power to check but can’t play the social function of checking, the pressure on the media will also increase. For news media, platforms and the public have become important channels for their news sources. Although the professional journalist team and editorial department can still be responsible for the first-hand news articles, it is difficult for the news media to complete the technical verification of "true and false discrimination" in a short time when the platform and public channels are flooded with a large number of AI-generated videos. At the same time, the news industry, which is "normally connected" with the platform, still needs to obey the timeliness needs of the public. Under the pressure of polluted information sources, difficult and time-consuming technical review of AI-generated videos, and timeliness competition among media, journalism can easily become the endorser of the "authenticity" of AI-generated videos. Once the credibility of journalism as the "final fact benchmark" collapses, it will lead to the risk of disorder of the whole information system and make us enter an era of pan-falsificationism. The so-called pan-falsificationism means that when individuals can’t distinguish the boundary between external reality and fictional things at all, they turn to face the media environment with a game mentality that can be grasped by individuals, and treat all information with the information concept of "not sure what is true is false".In this context, the social significance of news as a social tool has also dissipated, and it has become a "public toy".

Matching the peak of technology: the possibility of structural reconstruction of gatekeeper theory in the era of generative AI

The "intelligent emergence" of generative AI, represented by Sora, is promoting the structural change of the gate-keeping theory. In this context, the possible direction of the gatekeeper theory in the era of generative AI includes the following aspects.

First of all, it is about the adjustment of the focus of the theoretical connotation of gatekeeper. It can be said that the emergence of Sora subverts the self-evident premise assumption of the gatekeeper theory, that is, the question of "authenticity". In the pre-Internet era, the "authenticity" in the process of news media’s checking is an inevitable requirement of news, and it is also a basic premise that needs no elaboration. Thus, we saw the classic statement of shoemaker and Vos on the theory of gatekeeper: "Gatekeeper is the process of selecting and making limited information that people accept every day from countless pieces of information." Even after entering the Internet era, the truth of news has not been fundamentally challenged, and the focus of theoretical promotion is mostly placed on the new gatekeeper by researchers. For example, Wallace defines the theory of "the media, the platform and the public intercept the information they are interested in from the huge information flow according to their different orientations".

It can be seen that both shoemaker and Wallace have a default assumption when summarizing the theoretical boundaries, that is, "countless pieces of information" or "huge information flow" are all informational presentations of real-world movements, and the main tasks of the check are "interception" and "production". However, the "world simulator" represented by Sora is destroying the premise of this hypothesis. According to the prediction of Gartner Group, an American data analysis company, in the next three years, the information output by generative AI will account for 30% of the total information space. In the foreseeable future, "countless pieces of information" will be mixed with a large number of generated videos that are difficult to distinguish between authenticity and falsehood. In this context, the self-evident "authenticity" needs special attention in theory. Gatekeeper should first be understood as a process of identifying false information and helping the public to establish meaningful contact with the real society with the truth of news.

Secondly, it is to re-explore the relationship between "people". Nowadays, the gatekeeper relationship as a whole appears as two sides of a boundary-one side is the real world where the platform, the public and the media are located, and the other side is the iterative generative AI. Whether the border can be effectively checked determines the wandering situation of this border. The more the border moves in the direction of platform, media and the public, the more difficult it is for us to perceive the real world through the media. Whether it is the media, the public or the platform, it will face a crisis when the ontological security cannot be guaranteed. In this context, the gatekeeper relationship has the possibility that the media caters to the public interest and platform traffic logic and moves towards a cooperative relationship.

Finally, it is a return to the ontological meaning and social meaning of gatekeeper. The impact of Sora’s national generation and simulation characteristics on the information environment requires us to rethink the role and function of gatekeeper in the social system and focus on its ontological significance as a social function. From words (ChatGPT) to pictures (DALLE) to videos (Sora), as the "head sheep" in the field of generative AI, OpenAI has pieced together a media puzzle that spans the boundary between virtual and reality in just two years. The AI-generated content that simulates the physical world mediates the original solid connection between us and the real world. From a historical perspective, we have never had such a need to control the social function. In the era of generative AI, gatekeeper is no longer just a metaphor about gatekeeper, information receiver and channel, but the essential relationship between human and social truth, information system and social ecological order. In the face of the upcoming AI information tide, the "success" and "failure" of the gatekeeper is directly related to whether the public can still know and understand the real world through the media and act accordingly. How to reconstruct the "truth appearance mechanism" in the era of generative AI will become an important theoretical and practical problem in future research.

(Media Watch, No.4, 2024, with an original text of about 11,000 words, is entitled: How to reconstruct the "truth-appearing mechanism" under the impact of "the generation of the whole people"-the relational practice and structural change of the gatekeeper theory in the era of generative artificial intelligence. This is an excerpt, and the notes are omitted. Please refer to the original text for academic citations. The full text of "Media Watch Magazine" is linked to https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/HR1nKt5K3dxMCLxCnGS2nA. )

[Author] Zhang Menghan, Associate Professor, School of Communication, Soochow University

Chen Ze, Ph.D. candidate, School of Communication, Soochow University.

Toyota Vesa to be discontinued, Crown Signia as successor

  [Autohome News] A few days ago, the Crown Signia officially debuted, adding a new member to the Crown family. It is positioned as a mid-sized SUV, and the power system will also provide gasoline-electric hybrid and plug-in hybrid versions. The new car will go on sale next summer.

Autohome

"Crown Signia"Oh, yeah."

  With the addition of new cars, Toyota’s SUV lineup in the North American market has become very crowded. Therefore, Toyota has also made some adjustments to this. Dave Christ, general manager of Toyota Motor North America, said in an interview with the media that (|) (Vesa) will be discontinued after the end of the 2024 model.

Toyota (Imported) Vesa (Imported) 2023 Nightshade Edition US Edition

"2023 Toyota Vesa"

  "There was some internal debate about whether to keep the Venza," Toyota executives said. "We were very happy with the Venza and if it wasn’t so close to the Crown Signia, we would have kept it. But the two are similar in size and the buyer is similar, so we decided to discontinue the Venza."

  In 2020, the fourth-generation HARRIER was officially launched. The new generation of models was built on the TNGA-K platform and positioned between the RAV4 and Highlander. At the same time, this product also entered the US market for the first time and was named the new generation Venza.

  Coming to the domestic market, the new cars were domestically produced by GAC Toyota and FAW Toyota and named Wesa and Lingfang HARRIER, both of which are also new products of Toyota’s Gemini strategy.

  As a latecomer, Wesa will inevitably be chased and blocked by Japanese, German, American, Korean and other "roadblocks". And Wesa wants to stand out from the crowd and stand out from the enemy, its product strength is crucial. However, due to the arrival of Crown Signia, the competition landscape has become different, and eventually Crown Signia will take its place. (Source: motor1; Compiler/Autohome Li Na)

The organization predicts that China will win 36 gold medals in the Rio Olympic medal list.

  Original title: Goldman Sachs predicts Rio Olympic medal list: China will win 36 gold medals.

On July 24th, the opening ceremony of the Olympic Village of Rio Olympic Games was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Xinhua News Agency reporter Xu Zijian photo

On July 24th, the opening ceremony of the Olympic Village of Rio Olympic Games was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Xinhua News Agency reporter Xu Zijian photo

  The US media reported on August 3 that Goldman Sachs predicted in a survey released on August 1 that the United States and China, the world’s two largest economies, would win most of the Olympic gold medals again in Rio, and that Britain and Russia would rank third and fourth in the medal list.

  According to a report on The New York Times website on August 1st, Goldman Sachs economists predict that the United States will win 45 gold medals in Rio Olympic Games, one less than the London Olympic Games four years ago, while China will win 36 gold medals, two less than the London Olympic Games.

  Goldman Sachs pointed out that in addition to the performance of athletes, economic success also increases the chances of winning Olympic honors, because "a country is more likely to cultivate world-class athletes in a world-class environment."

  According to the report, Britain will win 23 gold medals, six less than the London Olympics, but the number of medals will reach 59, one more than Russia.

  Goldman Sachs predicts that under the impact of doping scandal, Russia will win 14 gold medals, which is 12 fewer than the recently revised gold medals in London Olympic Games.

  Host Brazil has a population of 200 million, ranking fifth in the world, and according to the data of the International Monetary Fund, Brazil is also the seventh largest economy in the world, but its performance in the Olympic Games has always been difficult to match these identities.

  Goldman Sachs predicts that although Brazil has increased its capital investment before the Rio Olympic Games, it will still be unable to achieve the goal of being in the top 10 of the medal list.

  According to the report, measured by the number of gold medals, Brazil will be close to Jamaica, which ranks 131st in the world economy. On the medal list, Brazil will rank 11th with 22 medals, just ahead of Ukraine, which ranks 48th in the world economy and has a population of less than a quarter (44 million) of Brazil. Brazil’s per capita gross domestic product (GDP) is more than twice that of Ukraine.

High blood pressure targets young people! Seven ways to teach you to lower your blood pressure

When it comes to patients with hypertension, people first think of middle-aged and elderly people, but the reality is that hypertension is besieging more and more young people.
The study found that between 1991 and 2015, the relative increase rate of hypertension among young people aged 18-39 was the highest, reaching 5.4%, which was twice that of people aged 40-59 and more than ten times that of people aged 60 and over.
Why is it so difficult to keep blood pressure normal? What is affecting the blood pressure of young people?
Why pay attention to hypertension?
Hypertension is the chronic disease with the largest number of patients in China, exceeding 270 million;
Hypertension is the leading preventable cause of death in the world;
Hypertension can lead to disabling stroke, heart disease and renal failure, and even lead to more than 10 million deaths every year;
At present, only one out of every seven hypertensive patients has his blood pressure under control.
Many people don’t know that they have hypertension, and most patients with hypertension have no symptoms.
Why are more and more young people suffering from high blood pressure?
Hypertension, a chronic disease closely related to our daily life style, is being influenced by multiple life factors, which makes contemporary young people face higher risk of illness.
01
Changes in diet
In today’s society, a high-salt and high-fat diet has gradually become a frequent visitor to many people’s tables. The research data reveals that the average dietary salt content of Asians is higher than that of westerners, and this excessive salt intake has been recognized by the scientific community as one of the key causes of hypertension. High-fat diet may contribute to weight gain and provide "soil" for hypertension.
The research of North China University of Science and Technology further confirms this view. The study found that young people who adhere to a low-salt diet have a 25% increase in the probability of maintaining normal blood pressure after 8 years, while those who maintain a standard weight have a 19% increase in this probability.
02
Fast paced lifestyle
With the acceleration of social rhythm, more and more young people are immersed in busy work, lacking regular exercise, and staying up late and staring at the screen for a long time has become the norm. In addition, the consumption of tobacco and alcohol has been proved to be significantly related to the incidence of hypertension.
03
hereditary factor
Studies have pointed out that if there is a history of hypertension in the family, the risk of illness in the next generation will increase significantly. Especially when these young people face other risk factors at the same time, such as smoking, drinking or high-salt diet.
04
environmental effect
Work stress, environmental pollution, noise, etc., may have a negative impact on people’s blood pressure. Especially in highly urbanized areas, due to the increase of environmental pressure, the prevalence of hypertension has also increased.
People prone to hypertension
People with family history;
In people with emotional excitability, the level of adrenaline rises due to the excitement of sympathetic nerve, which causes the blood pressure to rise;
"Heavy taste" refers to people with high salt intake;
Alcohol-addicted people;
People with too much work or life pressure.
Lifestyle of lowering blood pressure
No matter what treatment is adopted, lifestyle intervention is necessary, but many people do not pay attention to it.
These measures are effective in lowering blood pressure and reducing dangerous situations such as cardiovascular diseases. Have you done it?
(1) reduce the sodium intake, and gradually reduce the daily salt intake per person.
(2) Eat a reasonable and healthy diet and reduce the intake of saturated fat and cholesterol.
(3) Weight loss (weight control, body mass index BMI controlled at 18.5 kg /m2 ~ 23.9 kg/m2, male waist circumference < 90 cm, female < 85 cm).
(4) Quit smoking completely and avoid passive smoking.
(5) Do not drink or limit drinking.
(6) Exercise more, moderate intensity aerobic exercise; 4~7 times a week; Each time lasts for 30 to 60 minutes.
(7) Relieve mental stress, maintain psychological balance and have a good sleep.
The good news is that the antihypertensive effect of these measures has been confirmed:
Adhere to the daily intake of less than 6 grams of salt, systolic blood pressure, that is, high blood pressure can be reduced by an average of 2 ~ 8 mmHg;
For every 5 ~ 10kg weight loss, the high pressure can be reduced by 5 ~ 20mmhg;
Aerobic exercise for 30 minutes 5~7 times a week can reduce the high pressure by 4~9mmHg.
Source: Meet a famous doctor
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Twenty-three people were arrested for sneaking into the United States by drilling underground holes, and moved to 20 countries in three months.

[Canada Lohas. ca Wendy comprehensive finishing]Although the Trump administration cracked down on stowaways, many people still sneaked into the country one after another. No, the US and Mexican authorities cracked a smuggling case on August 27th. These 30 illegal immigrants wanted to use the underpass to smuggle, and 23 of them were actually from Chinese.

In the early hours of the morning, I met law enforcement officers and fled.

On the 27th, the Mexican government confirmed that the military had found a tunnel under the border between Mexico and the United States to smuggle from Ti Juana to San Diego, California. These illegal immigrants were arrested by the US Border Patrol after coming out of the tunnel at about 1: 15 am on the 26th. According to local reports, among the 30 illegal immigrants arrested this time,Including 21 men and 2 women, a total of 23 Chinese, and seven Mexicans, four men and three women, are currently detained.

In fact, at first, law enforcement officers were suspicious, but when law enforcement officers planned to cross-examine them, everyone fled and some even ran back to the tunnel, so the authorities discovered this underground secret passage.

The stowaway escaped and the police found a secret passage.

Border patrol officials said that it is impossible to know for the time being whether some people fled back to Mexico through the tunnel, but the exit of the tunnel on the US side is located in the west of the border inspection port of Mesa, Otay, with double barbed wire around the port, while the tunnel passes through the barbed wire from underground and opens a hole in the overgrown area north of the second barbed wire. Investigators said that they are currently coordinating with the immigration law enforcement department of Mexico. At this stage, it is estimated that the tunnel discovered this time will be based on the old unfinished tunnel and then new parts will be excavated. As can be seen from the scene, the exit of the tunnel is quite rough, and it is only a soil hole with a wooden ladder for going up and down, and the length of the tunnel is about 328 feet.

The red dot in the picture shows the exit of the tunnel, and the bottom of the picture shows the US-Mexico border.

The picture shows the police enclosing the tunnel exit with a yellow cordon.

The authorities said that there are two points worthy of attention in this cracked smuggling case. First of all, border criminals used tunnels to smuggle drugs in the past, and smuggling human snakes was rare. After the Trump administration stepped up its interception of illegal immigrants, snakeheads began to look for new ways. In addition to the tunnel discovered this time, Texas has repeatedly found illegal immigrants hiding in trucks and sneaking into the United States.

Indian illegal immigrants in China account for the top 10.

The second point is worth paying attention to. Apart from illegal immigrants from Mexico or Central and South China, people and snakes from other countries have also begun to come to the United States from the southern border. From this case, it can be seen that citizens account for the majority. According to the figures of fiscal year 2015, border patrol officers arrested more than 8,000 immigrants from China, India, Romania, Bangladesh and Nepal. In addition, among the illegal immigrants intercepted by the US authorities in recent years, Chinese and India ranked in the top 10.

Ralph DeSio, an official of the Media Relations Department of the Federal Border Protection Agency in San Diego, said that the investigation is still in the initial stage, so it is not clear what province of China the 23 illegal immigrants from China came from, how to find the snakehead and how much they spent. At present, considering their privacy, their names and photos will not be released to the public.

At present, the number of illegal immigrants on the southwestern border of the United States has dropped sharply, with a drop of as much as 60%. Judd, chairman of the Border Patrol Committee, said last month that after Trump took office, the morale of the patrol department increased greatly, and there was an unprecedented atmosphere and energy inside. However, this has not dispelled many Chinese’s determination to smuggle people. Because it is very easy for China citizens to obtain tourist visas for Mexico, they can fly to Tijuana Airport, Mexico, which is close to the US border, and then try to come to the United States. "In any case, stowaways are controlled by criminal organizations. It is extremely unwise for these China citizens and anyone who wants to sneak into the country to choose this practice. They have given their precious lives to criminals who put money first, but do not cherish the value of life."

DeSio also said that these illegal immigrants who were caught were very lucky: "At least they were not kidnapped, held hostage for ransom, or treated as slaves."

The number of Chinese people who have "passed the gas" by smuggling has increased dramatically year by year.

Although many Chinese come to the United States, they will find that the actual situation is very different from the original "American dream", but many people still try their best to enter the United States by illegal means. No matter where they enter the country, many people take new york as their destination. According to people familiar with the matter, there are many ways for China residents to sneak into the United States, including traveling to many countries, posing as executives, and even breaking into customs directly. The cost of smuggling into the United States is between 50,000 and 80,000 dollars.

Nowadays, the earliest way of smuggling by ship and arriving at the US border from the sea for several months has been eliminated. Judging from Chinese, where 23 people were arrested for smuggling in groups, the traditional way of Chinese crossing the US-Mexico border into the United States is still a hot spot. Mr. Zhou, who recently sneaked into new york from the US border, said that after paying 60,000 US dollars for smuggling, he got a visa to go to Southeast Asian countries, and then he and several other people embarked on this road of no return.

He said that only one of all illegal immigrants has a mobile phone and is responsible for receiving instructions. Others have no idea where they will go the next day and can only follow the only person who has a mobile phone. Mr. Zhou said that he traveled to nearly 20 countries in about three months, and finally reached the border between Mexico and the United States after hardships, and then swam into the United States.

In March 2017, a group of illegal immigrants and apprentices crossed the Rio Grande on the US-Mexico border, but were stopped by US border personnel.

It is reported that when border patrol officers catch illegal immigrants, they will send them to a detention center and hand them over to Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). ICE needs to verify the identities and criminal records of these foreigners. Depending on the situation, these people will either be deported, detained for further investigation, or allowed to wait for a date to be arranged in immigration court.

In recent years, illegal immigrants from China in San Diego, USA have increased dramatically under the background of profitable illegal migration, a large number of people from China emigrating abroad, and diversification of illegal immigrants. The border patrol department captured about 663 illegal immigrants from Chinese in the last fiscal year; This figure was only 48 in the previous fiscal year, while in 2014, only five Chinese who entered the country illegally were arrested.

Produced by: Vancouver headlines

Wechat id: lahoobignews

Source: lahoo.ca, Canada.

Korean media: The sixth nuclear test or detonation of multiple nuclear bombs in the DPRK was 14 times more powerful than the last one.

  [Global Network Report Intern reporter Wang Chen] Preparations for North Korea’s sixth nuclear test are considered to be under way. The US and South Korean intelligence agencies have previously said that as long as Kim Jong-un gives the order, North Korea can conduct its sixth nuclear test within a few hours. The way and explosive power of this nuclear test also attracted people’s attention.

  Yonhap News Agency reported on March 29th that a senior source of South Korean intelligence agency revealed that the current movement of North Korea in Fengxili was similar to that when its nuclear test preparation was about to be completed. In fact, it can be said that all the nuclear test preparations of North Korea have been basically completed.

  On the 28th, the website of North Korea Institute affiliated to Johns Hopkins University said that 3-4 equipment transport vehicles were found at the entrance of No.2 tunnel in the north of Fengxili nuclear test site. Through the analysis of ground traces, the website believes that communication cables are currently being connected in North Korea.

  Korean media said that after the measuring device is connected to the ground communication station, the tunnel entrance will be closed. Although the DPRK has not yet reached this point, these finishing tasks will be completed soon.

  South Korean experts said that North Korea’s nuclear test may detonate multiple nuclear bombs at the same time. Korean media said that it is difficult to obtain data on whether nuclear weapons are the most optimized if a nuclear bomb is tested. Therefore, increasing the ratio of uranium or testing with various detonating devices can ensure more accurate data.

  On the other hand, the explosive power of North Korea’s sixth nuclear test also attracts people’s attention. "38 degrees north latitude" predicted on March 11th that the explosive power of the sixth nuclear test would be 14 times that of the fifth (10,000 tons equivalent).

  Li Chungen, chief researcher of the Korea Science and Technology Policy Research Institute, said that North Korea may have achieved the miniaturization of nuclear weapons on its own. This nuclear test has the possibility of carrying out an augmented nuclear bomb test. It is estimated that the explosive power will be 150,000-200,000 tons equivalent.

Zhao Lusi responded to fans’ demands for makeup adjustment and was praised.

Zhao Lusi responded to fans’ demands

Zhao Lusi recently responded to fans’ demands again, and made it clear that he would continue to accept suggestions and adjust his makeup style appropriately in the follow-up. This response made many netizens sigh: Zhao Lusi finally listened to the advice. Zhao Lusi responded to fans’ demands!

Zhao Lusi responded to fans' demands

Zhao Lusi’s makeup style has always been controversial, especially after she lost weight. From a baby-fat sunny girl to a melon-faced, cold royal elder sister, coupled with her insistence on her own make-up, the overall makeup gradually tends to online celebrity style, lacking recognition. Fans and netizens have repeatedly suggested that she choose a professional makeup team to maximize her face value advantage. Although professional hairdressers occasionally make mistakes, at least not every activity will be controversial because of makeup problems as it is now.

Zhao Lusi responded to fans' demands for makeup adjustment and was praised.

In the past, although Zhao Lusi cared about the opinions of fans, she never made any substantial changes. In the live broadcast, she once said that makeup needs constant efforts and attempts to become professional, suggesting that she will stick to her own makeup and believe that it will get better one day.

Zhao Lusi responded to fans' demands for makeup adjustment and was praised.

For a popular flower, proper makeup is very important. Zhao Lusi, knowing that the public’s evaluation is not good, still insists on her own makeup, which makes people feel willful and opinionated. After experiencing the fermentation of many topics this time, Zhao Lusi finally decided to adopt the suggestions of fans, adjust the style of makeup and hair, and face the public in a better state.

Serving inheritance and public welfare needs with trust system

Source: China Construction Investment Trust

Author: Li Heyi

  

  "Improving people’s well-being and improving the national public service system" is an important part of the Tenth Five-Year Plan and the long-term goal in 2035. In order to safeguard the welfare and physical and mental health of specific groups, China has put forward the voluntary guardianship and statutory guardianship system for adults in the Civil Code. However, the implementation of this system is directly related to the capacity of behavior. The current guardianship and social assistance guarantee system still cannot properly protect the rights and interests of people with special needs, and their "child care and old-age care" problems.

  Based on China’s aging population and minor property security, this report puts forward the following suggestions:Under the framework of China’s current trust law, we should introduce special needs trust, give full play to the role of trust system in supplementary guardianship system, and increase the guardianship of people with physical and mental disabilities and the protection of property rights.

  01

  Research background of special needs trust

  According to incomplete statistics, there are about 12 million to 20 million people with mental retardation and developmental disorders caused by congenital defects in China, including intellectual retardation, autism spectrum disorder and Down syndrome, and the number of people directly affecting families is 50 million to 80 million. In the rapid development stage of aging, it is estimated that during the "14 th Five-Year Plan" period, the number of elderly people in China will exceed 300 million, among which the proportion of elderly people with dementia and disability will exceed 10%. In the existing social security and service system, parents and relatives are mainly responsible for the care of the disabled. This support system is fragile and unsustainable, and some extreme events happen to the families of mentally disabled people because they are overwhelmed. This situation is not uncommon.

  Special Needs Trust, also known as Supplemental Needs Trust, is a form of trust established by trust companies, non-profit organizations or the government for people with special needs in accordance with relevant laws, aiming at providing trust funds to support the improvement of basic needs such as nursing care and disabled facilities. The special needs trust originated in the United States in the 1980s, which complements the domestic medical assistance system. This kind of trust has the characteristics of general civil trust, and does not affect the social welfare qualification of the trust beneficiaries, so as to meet the needs of the special population for quality and dignity.

  02

  Practice and application of special needs trust

  In the United States, Britain, Australia, Taiwan, China and Hongkong and other countries and regions, special needs trust has become an important supplement to solve the special needs of the disabled, including the mentally handicapped, the elderly and other special needs groups, and has formed relatively perfect and systematic special needs trust products and services, and has formed good practical experience in connecting the services needed by special people and connecting public welfare systems such as medical care and social security.

  (1) The United States

  The motivation of American special needs trust system is that the existing public assistance system, such as medical assistance system and social security subsidy system, can’t meet the all-round needs of people with physical and mental disabilities. Government agencies and individuals actively explore legal ways to improve their quality of life on the premise of retaining their eligibility for assistance. Formally, it is mainly divided into unilateral trust and third-party trust. Because the structure of third-party trust is similar to that of family and family trust, the entrusted assets mainly come from gifts and inheritance, and are less related to public assistance and guardianship system, so the following mainly introduces the unilateral special needs trust system in the United States.

  The unilateral special needs trust is established based on the income generated by the lawsuit or judgment of the person with incapacity or incapacitated person. Because the public assistance system in the United States has strict standards for the applicant’s family or personal income, once the people with special needs get considerable compensation from lawsuits such as personal injury compensation, their personal assets will far exceed the standard of public assistance for assets, thus being disqualified from receiving assistance; However, if this specific group of people does not rely on public assistance, even if they get a large amount of compensation, they can only pay the basic medical expenses and squeeze the normal living expenses. Therefore, for this kind of situation, the best solution is to set up a special needs trust and transfer the management right of the property to the trustee, which will not affect the beneficiaries’ continued enjoyment of government public assistance, but also use the trust property for other daily consumption and improve their lives. After the death of the beneficiary, the remaining property shall not be inherited by anyone, but shall be handed over to the state, and the state shall receive the public assistance expenses equivalent to those spent by the beneficiary before his death. Therefore, these trusts safeguard potential or actual public interests.

  (2) Hong Kong

  On the basis of drawing lessons from American collective trust, Hong Kong, China, has established a special needs trust in line with Hong Kong’s local conditions, and its operating logic is the legal framework of "living trust+will". When the client is alive, he establishes a trust and makes a will. After the client died, the executor sold the client’s assets and transferred the funds to the trust account of special needs trust, and the trust officially began to operate. Hong Kong’s special needs trust is based on the strong credibility of the government, and it is also the first region where a government agency acts as the trustee of the special needs trust. After fully considering the high fees charged by private trusts and the economic situation of most families with special needs, it adopts a similar way of collective trust to serve people with special needs. In 2019, the threshold of special needs trust announced by the Hong Kong SAR government is HK$ 225,000, which is still a great expense for families with financial difficulties, which is contrary to the original intention of adopting collective trust.

  (3) Shenzhen

  On September 8, 2020, Shenzhen Disabled Persons’ Federation and Shenzhen Local Financial Supervision Administration issued "Guiding Opinions on Promoting Trust Development for People with Physical and Mental Disabilities", which took the lead in creating "property management+public welfare" trust services for people with physical and mental disabilities and creating a "helping system for the weak". In the guidance, in order to solve the problem of effective connection between care services for the physically and mentally handicapped and social service institutions, the establishment of third-party intermediary organizations is encouraged to be responsible for connecting the resources and strength of all parties involved in the trust. The intermediary organization can assist the trustee to recommend and select professional service organizations that can meet the needs of the clients and beneficiaries, and conduct regular evaluation and assessment on them. Professional service institutions should be registered as commercial entities or social organizations, and provide personalized support services such as medical treatment, rehabilitation, special education, employment, foster care, old-age care, recreation and sports, basic life care, funeral and interment, wills, laws, etc. according to the trust documents. Their business scope and charging standards will be announced to the public, and they will be supervised by all parties to the trust for the mentally and physically handicapped and the society.

  Through the above analysis, it can be found that the establishment of various trust products complements and perfects the existing guardianship system through the property management service function of the trust. In view of the huge needs of families with mental and physical disabilities, just passively waiting for social welfare support may not meet the diverse family needs, nor is it conducive to catalyzing the development of social service system. Therefore, various methods are needed to jointly promote the solution of social problems.

  03 A survey of guardianship environment under the current legal system  

  China’s guardianship system and related supporting systems are still not perfect, which is the main motivation for introducing the special needs trust system. This part mainly analyzes the living environment of the physically and mentally handicapped from the existing social assistance security system, guardianship system and social care mechanism in China, and further explains how to make up for the shortcomings of the existing system and safeguard the dual interests of the physically and mentally handicapped and their families by introducing the framework of the special needs trust.

  (A) China’s existing social assistance security system deficiencies

  First of all, China’s current social assistance targets are mainly divided into three categories, namely, family members with minimum living security, destitute dependents, and other people with special difficulties as stipulated by the people’s government at or above the county level. Judging from the provisions of the law, at present, the object of medical assistance in China is limited to families with difficult qualifications. The means of medical assistance are divided into partial subsidies for individual contributions of medical insurance and subsidies for medical expenses that are unaffordable. This means of assistance is limited to the subsidy of medical expenses, and it pays more attention to the subsidy of major disease treatment expenses, ignoring the subsidy of special living needs, and the content of assistance is not comprehensive.

  Secondly, from the perspective of minors with physical and mental disabilities, at present, China’s social assistance policies mainly focus on minimum living security, basic living allowance for severely disabled people, centralized support for rural five guarantees and urban "three noes", and basic living expenses for orphans and children in distress. Among them, orphans and children in distress mainly refer to minors who have lost their parents and whose parents or guardians are unable to fulfill their support obligations, but severely disabled people whose annual per capita income exceeds 150% of the minimum living standard and minors who are not in distress are not included in the scope of social assistance.

  (B) The defect that the guardianship system is directly linked to the capacity for conduct.

  At present, China is facing the realistic needs of an aging society, which drives the introduction of special needs trust system to give full play to the value of guardianship system. In 1986, "General Principles of Civil Law" limited adult guardianship objects to mental patients; Article 26 of the Law on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of the Elderly, which was revised in 2012, expanded the adult guardianship object to the elderly, and put forward the intentional guardianship system for the elderly for the first time; The General Principles of Civil Law promulgated in 2017 has improved the top-level design of the adult guardianship system, and to some extent eliminated the defects of the original guardianship system: expanding the protection scope of adult guardianship from mental patients to adults, adding intentional guardianship and adult legal guardianship system, and confirming two basic principles of adult guardianship, namely, respecting the true wishes of the ward and being most beneficial to the ward.

  Therefore, after 2017, the rules and system of adult guardianship system in China have taken shape. However, there are still some defects in the existing adult guardianship system, such as the unclear content of rights and obligations between the guardian and the ward, the physical, mental and life guardianship of adults who have lost their capacity for behavior, and property management problems. In particular, the current adult guardianship system in China is directly linked to their capacity for behavior, which strictly distinguishes between "disability" (that is, loss of self-care ability) and "dementia" (that is, lack of identification ability), and limits the guardianship object to demented adults.

  (C) the lack of social care mechanism for people with mental and physical disabilities in China

  The social care mechanism for adults with physical and mental disabilities in China is still insufficient, and the existing guardianship status, which is mainly legal guardians, has brought a heavy burden to the families of adults with physical and mental disabilities. Sponsored by Guangdong Association of Mentally Disabled Persons and Their Relatives and Friends, Guangzhou Yang ‘ai Parents’ Club for Special Children, and supported by Guangzhou Disabled Persons’ Federation, the Survey Report on the Employment Situation and Needs of Adults with Mental Disabilities in 2019 shows that more than half of the guardians of adults with mental and physical disabilities are old and rely on pensions to maintain their family life; The proportion of family income sources relying only on pensions and other subsidies is as high as 46%. On the one hand, adults with mental disorders have poor self-care ability, which requires caregivers to invest more money and time, and caregivers have a greater physical and psychological burden; On the other hand, caregivers may be older and begin to enter the old age. After their death, adult children with mental disorders face the dilemma of no one to take care of them. In reality, due to the lack of an effective supervision mechanism, the phenomenon of legal guardians encroaching on the ward’s property and abusing the ward is frequent, the ward’s physical and mental care and property safety are not guaranteed, and the legal guardian’s obligations and responsibilities are not implemented.

  At present, some cities in China, such as Shenzhen, have absorbed the service concepts of Taiwan, China and Hongkong, and have tried to develop community-based services for adults with mental disabilities, with private non-profit organizations providing help for people with mental disabilities in life and employment. However, there are still some problems that can’t be ignored in its operation, such as the responsibility of private non-profit organizations can’t be regulated and it can’t help the mentally handicapped to manage their property.

  At present, China’s social assistance security system still has the defects of too narrow scope of assistance objects and insufficient means of assistance. The perfection of social security system depends on the social and economic development of the country. With the enhancement of China’s economic strength and the improvement of medical level, improving the quality of life of the rescued will become an important social assistance concept, which is not only a necessary measure to actively deal with the aging population, but also the core connotation of China’s socialist social security concept. Special needs trust system can make people with physical and mental disabilities get a better quality of life and become a powerful institutional guarantee for social assistance.

  * This article is excerpted from China Trust Industry Research Report (2021) of China Construction Investment Trust.

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